CN105779033B - 车用生物燃料 - Google Patents
车用生物燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOKQOZYJEDDDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)OC.C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(=O)OC.C1=CC=CC=C1 GOKQOZYJEDDDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 C12 allyl butyrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDNUEBSJWINEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl nitrate Chemical compound CCO[N+]([O-])=O IDNUEBSJWINEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
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- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
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- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
Abstract
本发明公开了一种车用生物燃料，该燃料按重量百分比计，包括下述组分：醇类物质10‑35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20‑70％、三甲苯15‑65％、添加剂1‑3％；其中，醇类物质为丙二醇和/或乙二醇；所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂混合而成。本发明采用特殊的原料进行配比，特别是添加特定配比的添加剂后，有效地改善了因环氧脂肪酸甲脂的加入使所得燃料的凝点较高(仅为10℃左右)的问题，使获得的燃料的凝点在‑25℃至‑35℃，并保证燃料的闪点在60℃以上，十六烷值在60以上，润滑性小于200(校正磨痕直径(60℃/μm))；此外，本发明不仅配方简单而且制备方法简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车用燃料，具体涉及一种适合柴油发动机使用的车用生物燃料。
背景技术
随着国民经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，我国对能源的需要日趋增大，以石油为原料的液体燃料消耗持续增长。与此同时，传统的石油资源日渐匮乏。因此，研究与开发替代燃料势在必行。国际车用燃料发展趋势及我国能源下身都明确指出，汽车要逐步减少矿石燃料的使用，扩大醇类燃料及生物燃料的用量。Hamelinck指出，目前甲醇和Fischer-Tropsch法合成燃料是最好的动力燃料。
柴油机热效率比汽油机高，低速大扭矩特性、可靠性好，但是一般标号的柴油如0#柴油的凝点较高，需要根据使用温度区间来选择柴油的标号，如果选用如果不适合，发动机中的燃油系统就可能结蜡，堵塞油路，影响发动机的正常工作。虽然柴油的标号越低，结蜡的可能性就越小，但其价格也就越高。为了进一步降低适于柴油机使用的燃料的成本，许多生物燃料应运而生。如公开号为CN101280231A的发明专利公开了一种生物燃料油及其制备方法。该发明采用乙醇、甲醇、甲苯、异丙醇、表面活性剂、硝酸乙酯、二茂铁、C12烯基丁二酸、柴油等多种原料生产得到生物燃料油，所得生物燃料油产品辛烷值与十六烷值较高，腐蚀性低，其凝点在-10℃至-20℃之间，相当于-20#柴油最多相当-35#柴油，但其配方及制备方法均较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种配方简单、十六烷值高且具有较低凝点的车用生物燃料。
本发明所述的车用生物燃料，按重量百分比计，包括下述组分：
醇类物质10-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-70％、三甲苯15-65％、添加剂1-3％；
其中，
所述的醇类物质为丙二醇和/或乙二醇；
所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂混合而成。
本发明所述技术方案中，所用的组分环氧脂肪酸甲脂凝固点为8℃，加入该组分后在不添加上述添加剂的情况下，所得燃料的凝点仅在10℃左右。申请人通过长期、大量的试验研究，发现通过加入上述特定组成的添加剂后可以使所得燃料的的凝点在-25℃至-35℃，同时保证所得燃料的其它性能。
本发明所述技术方案中，当醇类物质的选择为丙二醇和乙二醇的组合时，它们之间的配比可以为任意配比，优选丙二醇和乙二醇的重量比为1-5：1-5，更优选丙二醇和乙二醇的重量比为1：1。
本发明所述技术方案中，所述的添加剂可以是由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂以任意比例组成的混合物，优选地，是由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1-5：1-5的重量比混合而成的混合物，更优选地，是由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：1的重量比混合而成的混合物。
本发明所述技术方案中，各组分的重量百分比优选为：
醇类物质15-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-55％、三甲苯20-55％、添加剂1-3％。
进一步地，各组分的重量百分比优选为：
醇类物质20-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-45％、三甲苯20-45％、添加剂1-2％。
本发明所述车用生物燃料制备方法为：按配比称取各组分，混合均匀后静置一段时间(通常为5小时以上)后即可使用。
与现有技术相比，本发明采用特殊的原料进行配比，特别是添加特定配比的添加剂后，不仅有效地改善了因环氧脂肪酸甲脂的加入使所得燃料的凝点较高(仅为10℃左右)的问题，使获得的燃料的凝点在-25℃至-35℃，还使燃料的闪点保持在60℃以上，十六烷值在60以上，润滑性小于200(校正磨痕直径(60℃/μm))；此外，本发明不仅配方简单而且制备方法简单。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详述,以更好地理解本发明的内容,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置8小时，即得到本发明所述的车用生物燃料：
醇类物质(丙二醇)25％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂23％、三甲苯50％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：1的重量比混合而成)2％。
对比例1
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置8小时，即得到不添加添加剂的车用生物燃料：
醇类物质(丙二醇)27％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂23％、三甲苯50％。
实施例2
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置5小时，即得到本发明所述的车用生物燃料：
醇类物质(乙二醇)35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂45％、三甲苯17％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：3的重量比混合而成)3％。
实施例3
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置10小时，即得到本发明所述的车用生物燃料：
醇类物质(由丙二醇和乙二醇按1：1的重量比混合而成)10％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂35％、三甲苯54％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：5的重量比混合而成)1％。
实施例4
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置6小时，即得到本发明所述的车用生物燃料：
醇类物质(由丙二醇和乙二醇按5：1的重量比混合而成)13％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂70％、三甲苯15％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按5：1的重量比混合而成)2％。
实施例5
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置8小时，即得到本发明所述的车用生物燃料：
醇类物质(由丙二醇和乙二醇按1：10的重量比混合而成)14％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20％、三甲苯65％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按10：1的重量比混合而成)1％。
对上述实施例1-5制得的燃料进行性能测试，结果如下述表1所示：
表1：
其中，十六烷值依据GB/T386-91检测，铜片腐蚀依据GB/T5096检测，密度依据GB/T1884-2000检测，机械杂质及水分通过目测检测，闪点依据GB/T261检测，凝点依据SH/T0248检测。
Claims (5)
1.车用生物燃料，按重量百分比计，包括下述组分：
醇类物质10-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-70％、三甲苯15-65％、添加剂1-3％；
其中，
所述的醇类物质为丙二醇和/或乙二醇；
所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1-5：1-5的重量比混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：1的重量比混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：各组分的重量百分比为：
醇类物质15-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-55％、三甲苯20-55％、添加剂1-3％。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的车用生物燃料，其特征在于：各组分的重量百分比为：
醇类物质20-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-45％、三甲苯20-45％、添加剂1-2％。
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