CN105777132A - 一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料及其粉末冶金制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料及其粉末冶金制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料及其粉末冶金制备方法,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅13~36份、氮化硅15~30份、二氧化硅12~34份、石墨4~13份、氧化锆8~17份、硫酸铵8~16份、无水乙醇13~26份、去离子水30~45份。本发明制备获得的抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料利用各组分间的协同作用,并通过粉末冶金方法制备而成,其具有良好的抗弯曲性能,服役期限长等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域,尤其涉及一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料及其粉末冶金制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷基复合材料是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。陶瓷基体可为氮化硅、碳化硅等高温结构陶瓷。这些先进陶瓷具有耐高温、高强度和刚度、相对重量较轻、抗腐蚀等优异性能,而其致命的弱点是具有脆性,处于应力状态时,会产生裂纹,甚至断裂导致材料失效。而采用高强度、高弹性的纤维与基体复合,则是提高陶瓷韧性和可靠性的一个有效的方法。纤维能阻止裂纹的扩展,从而得到有优良韧性的纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料。陶瓷基复合材料具有优异的耐高温性能,主要用作高温及耐磨制品。其最高使用温度主要取决于基体特征。陶瓷基复合材料已实用化或即将实用化的领域有刀具、滑动构件、发动机制件、能源构件等。法国已将长纤维增强碳化硅复合材料应用于制造高速列车的制动件,显示出优异的摩擦磨损特性,取得满意的使用效果。
陶瓷的力学性能包括弯曲强度、弹性模量、断裂韧性、硬度等,众所周知,陶瓷最本质的力学性能便是其固有的脆性,这是由于陶瓷材料中的共价键结合强度较高,位错运动很难发生。弯曲强度是陶瓷材料基本的力学性能参数之一,微观上是由原子间结合力决定的,在陶瓷基复合材料中,弯曲强度随各组分的含量不同而变化。力学性能表征对于了解结构材料的基础性能尤为重要。
现有技术中,材料在外部荷载环境中响应和破坏较为严重,陶瓷材料抗弯曲性能较差,因而降低了其服役性能。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题:为了获得一种抗弯曲能力强,服役期限长的陶瓷材料,本发明提供了一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料及其粉末冶金制备方法。
技术方案:一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅13~36份、氮化硅15~30份、二氧化硅12~34份、石墨4~13份、氧化锆8~17份、硫酸铵8~16份、无水乙醇13~26份、去离子水30~45份。
优选的,所述抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅28份、氮化硅22份、二氧化硅26份、石墨9份、氧化锆13份、硫酸铵12份、无水乙醇22份、去离子水37份。
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸铵溶于去离子水中,制备获得硫酸铵溶液;
(2)将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨1~3小时,粉末粒径为200~450目,获得粉末混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在12~25℃条件下,搅拌反应20~45分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣;
(4)用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1~1.6,清洗两次;
(5)向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应12~25分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于48~65℃条件下烘干;
(6)将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为2.2~4.5MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,5~12分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合;
(7)将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为2~4.5小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
优选的,步骤(2)中将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨1.6小时,粉末粒径为380目,获得粉末混合物。
优选的,步骤(3)中将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在18℃条件下,搅拌反应38分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣。
优选的,步骤(4)中用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1.4,清洗两次。
优选的,步骤(5)中向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应20分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于58℃条件下烘干。
优选的,步骤(6)中将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为3.8MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,9分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合。
优选的,步骤(7)中将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为3.2小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
有益效果
本发明制备获得的抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料利用各组分间的协同作用,并通过粉末冶金方法制备而成,其具有良好的抗弯曲性能,服役期限长等优点。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅13份、氮化硅15份、二氧化硅12份、石墨4份、氧化锆8份、硫酸铵8份、无水乙醇13份、去离子水30份。
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸铵溶于去离子水中,制备获得硫酸铵溶液;
(2)将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨1小时,粉末粒径为200目,获得粉末混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在12℃条件下,搅拌反应20分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣;
(4)用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1,清洗两次;
(5)向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应12分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于48℃条件下烘干;
(6)将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为2.2MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,5分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合;
(7)将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为2小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
实施例2
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅28份、氮化硅22份、二氧化硅26份、石墨9份、氧化锆13份、硫酸铵12份、无水乙醇22份、去离子水37份。
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸铵溶于去离子水中,制备获得硫酸铵溶液;
(2)将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨1.6小时,粉末粒径为380目,获得粉末混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在18℃条件下,搅拌反应38分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣;
(4)用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1.4,清洗两次;
(5)向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应20分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于58℃条件下烘干;
(6)将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为3.8MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,9分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合;
(7)将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为3.2小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
实施例3
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅36份、氮化硅30份、二氧化硅34份、石墨13份、氧化锆17份、硫酸铵16份、无水乙醇26份、去离子水45份。
一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸铵溶于去离子水中,制备获得硫酸铵溶液;
(2)将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨3小时,粉末粒径为450目,获得粉末混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在25℃条件下,搅拌反应45分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣;
(4)用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1.6,清洗两次;
(5)向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应25分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于65℃条件下烘干;
(6)将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为4.5MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,12分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合;
(7)将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为4.5小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
对实施例1~3制备获得的抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料进行性能检测,结果如下表所示:
表1实施例1~3制备获得的抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料性能检测结果
Claims (9)
1.一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅13~36份、氮化硅15~30份、二氧化硅12~34份、石墨4~13份、氧化锆8~17份、硫酸铵8~16份、无水乙醇13~26份、去离子水30~45份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于,由以下组分按重量份数配比组成:碳化硅28份、氮化硅22份、二氧化硅26份、石墨9份、氧化锆13份、硫酸铵12份、无水乙醇22份、去离子水37份。
3.权利要求1所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)将硫酸铵溶于去离子水中,制备获得硫酸铵溶液;
(2)将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨1~3小时,粉末粒径为200~450目,获得粉末混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在12~25℃条件下,搅拌反应20~45分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣;
(4)用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1~1.6,清洗两次;
(5)向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应12~25分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于48~65℃条件下烘干;
(6)将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为2.2~4.5MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,5~12分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合;
(7)将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为2~4.5小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中将碳化硅、氮化硅、二氧化硅、石墨和氧化锆同时加入球磨机中,研磨1.6小时,粉末粒径为380目,获得粉末混合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中将步骤(2)获得的粉末混合物加入步骤(1)的硫酸铵溶液中,在18℃条件下,搅拌反应38分钟,过滤去除滤液,获得滤渣。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中用去离子水清洗步骤(3)获得的滤渣,滤渣与去离子水的质量比为1:1.4,清洗两次。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中向经步骤(4)清洗后的滤渣中加入无水乙醇,搅拌反应20分钟,吸水两次;过滤去除无水乙醇后,将滤渣置于58℃条件下烘干。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中将烘干后的滤渣置于混料装置内,利用压力为3.8MPa的高压气体将上述粉末吹起,9分钟后停止通入高压气体,各粉末共同沉积并均匀混合。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中将上述均匀混合后的粉末置于电炉中,在氖气的保护氛围中采用3阶段升温的方式进行烧结,3阶段的温度分别为1320℃、1460℃、1630℃,每阶段烧结时间为3.2小时,烧结完成后等静压成型,即可获得抗弯曲陶瓷基复合材料。
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CN108975909B (zh) * | 2017-06-02 | 2021-04-06 | 东莞华晶粉末冶金有限公司 | 氧化锆陶瓷坯件的退火方法及氧化锆陶瓷的制备方法 |
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