CN105776763A - Novel composite substrate for vertical flow artificial wetlands - Google Patents

Novel composite substrate for vertical flow artificial wetlands Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105776763A
CN105776763A CN201610271868.4A CN201610271868A CN105776763A CN 105776763 A CN105776763 A CN 105776763A CN 201610271868 A CN201610271868 A CN 201610271868A CN 105776763 A CN105776763 A CN 105776763A
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substrate
composite substrate
novel composite
anthracite
concrete
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CN201610271868.4A
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CN105776763B (en
Inventor
梁威
王飞华
代嫣然
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/14—NH3-N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel composite substrate for vertical flow artificial wetlands. The novel composite substrate sequentially comprises concrete, volcanic rock and anthracite in the vertical directions from water inlets to water outlets. The total filling height of the novel composite substrate is 100 cm; the bottoms of filler columns are filled with an anthracite substrate with the heights of 18-22 cm and the particle sizes of 0.5-1 cm; the anthracite is filled with a volcanic rock substrate with the height of 28-32 cm and the particle sizes of 1-3 cm; the volcanic rock is filled with a concrete substrate with the height of 48-52 cm and the particle sizes of 3-5 cm. The novel composite substrate has the advantages that the novel composite substrate is inexpensive and is easily available, convenient to operate, free of secondary pollution and high in practicality; synergistic effects can be realized by the anthracite substrate, the volcanic rock substrate and theconcrete substrate, accordingly, the novel composite substrate is favorable for optimizing microbial community structures of the artificial wetlands, stable biological membranes can be formed on the surfaces of the upper-layer concrete substrate, and pollutant removal can be indirectly enhanced; the upper-layer concrete has the large particle sizes, the laying height of the upper-layer concrete accounts for a half of the total height of the novel composite substrate, accordingly, blockage can be effectively relieved, and the service life of the novel composite substrate can be prolonged.

Description

A kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate
Technical field
The invention belongs to Water Pollution Control Engineering ecological technique field, be more particularly to a kind of vertical current constructed wetland Composite substrate, it is adaptable to intermediate concentration sanitary sewage, can efficiently remove the dirts such as the nitrogen in sewage, phosphorus, Organic substance Dye thing.
Background technology
Artificial swamp is based on the ecological principle of natural wetland, artificially builds substrate, plant and microorganism Deng subsystem, the comprehensive purification playing each subsystem, thus remove the pollutant in sewage, and in reality The sewage disposal system of popularization and application in addition in engineering.The design structure of vertical current constructed wetland makes the internal cloth of wetland Water evenly, dissolved oxygen more abundant, thus nitrogen, phosphorus, Organic substance are had more preferable clean-up effect.
Substrate is the important component part of artificial swamp, occupies maximum volume in artificial swamp structure, is sewage The main place purified.Dirty water purification is mainly realized by it by physics, the approach such as chemical and biological, as Adsorb, filter, precipitate, ion exchange, complex reaction, biodegradation etc..The kind of substrate, group mode, The selection of height is the core of wastewater treatment, particularly important in engineering design.There is no a kind of substrate Can simultaneously efficiently pollutant such as organics removal, nitrogen, phosphorus, there is complementary effect between various substrate, by some The good high-quality substrate combination of purifying organic, denitrogenation, phosphor-removing effect together, can significantly improve artificial swamp clean Change the ability of sewage.Meanwhile, there is also cooperative effect between some substrate, two or more substrate combination are one Rising, when applying than single-matrix, effect is more preferable.It is enriched in combining of nitrogen, phosphorus, Organic substance etc. in view of sanitary sewage Close sewage, so that substrate is rationally assembled.
Compared with other kinds of artificial wet land system, Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland Systems is easier to occur blocking existing As.During sewage flows through artificial swamp, float can precipitate, and absorption in the substrate, reduces substrate The active porosity of layer, forms blocking.Blocking makes the infiltration coefficient of wet land system substrate reduce, current seepage velocity Slowing down, reduce the penetrating power of substrate, oxygen can not be well into system, and wetland efficiency can be by notable shadow Ring.
Therefore, the selection of composite substrate mesostroma particle diameter and layered configuration are also affect wastewater purifying efficiency main Factor.The distribution of artificial swamp substrate particle diameter has decisive role to the voidage in wetland and water flow mode, The every ply stress of substrate that layering is laid asks uniform, and size particles doping can reduce matrix pores rate, affects current and divides Cloth, changes hydraulics state, affects the permeance property of substrate, and then affect wastewater purifying efficiency.Particle diameter is bigger Substrate can effectively prevent blocking, but particle diameter cross conference shorten hydraulic detention time, affect clean-up effect.Institute With the selection of substrate particle diameter clean-up effect to be taken into account and prevent blocking, the vertical current constructed wetland of multilamellar substrate also should Consider the proportioning problem between different-grain diameter substrate.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate, it is adaptable to medium dense Degree sanitary sewage is (according to China's Typical Urban sanitary sewage water quality statistics, intermediate concentration sanitary sewage CODCr、 NH4 +-N, TN and TP mean concentration are respectively as follows: 400mg/L, 25mg/L, 40mg/L and 8mg/L). These composite substrate wide material sources, cheap and easy to get, practical, non-secondary pollution.Concrete in composite substrate, Volcanic rock and anthracite can by filtering, absorption, depollution is removed in the comprehensive function such as precipitation, complexation, biodegradation Thing.Meanwhile, upper layer concrete particle diameter is relatively big, and lays the half highly accounting for total height, can effectively alleviate blocking, Extend the service life of substrate.Three kinds of substrate synergism, are conducive to optimizing microbiologic population's knot of artificial swamp Structure, forms one layer of stable biomembrane on concrete substrates surface, upper strata, and pollutant are gone by strengthening wetland indirectly Except effect.After treatment, leading indicator all can reach " urban wastewater treatment firm sewage drainage standard " to sewage (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard, can be with direct reuse or enter in receiving water body.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate, described composite substrate is by concrete, volcanic rock and nothing Bituminous coal forms: be sequentially filled concrete layer, volcano rock stratum and anthracite coal measure from the vertical direction of water inlet to water outlet, Described concrete particle diameter is 3-5cm, and volcanic rock particle diameter is 1-3cm, and anthracite granule size is 0.5-1cm；Group The total packed height closing substrate is 100cm, and the height of concrete substrates is 48-52cm, volcanic matrix Being highly 28-32cm, the height of anthracite substrate is 18-22cm；Install at described concrete surface Water inlet pipe；Outlet pipe is installed bottom described anthracite coal measure.
Concrete pore rate is big, and its its content has the most tiny hole, beneficially capillary water to enter, and its Preferably particle surface properties, makes film water and attached water more, increases the moisture content of substrate, the most micro- Biological in stromal surface breeding, growth and biofilm, artificial swamp upper strata aerobic environment can be made full use of and effectively remove The pollutant such as Organic substance in sewage and nitrogen phosphorus.Volcanic rock porosity is big, and specific surface area is big, high adsorption capacity, Particularly to NH4 +-N and NO3 --N has the strongest selective adsorption capacity.Anthracite mechanical strength is high, changes Learning stable in properties, without poisonous and harmful substance, rough surface, have the strongest absorbability to phosphorus, it purifies effect Fruit is significantly higher than other substrate (such as soil, sand, gravel etc.).Concrete, volcanic rock and anthracite are all purchased In Gongyi City of Henan Province Hua Long filtrate factory, porosity is 0.3-0.4.
During engineer applied, hypothallus by the sequence of above-mentioned substrate and is the most in layer laid, easy to operate. The layout of hypothallus, water inlet layer uses the filler that hole is bigger, and middle level uses the filler that hole is less, water-yielding stratum Using the filler that hole is less, the filler that top layer hole is big can accommodate substantial amounts of suspended solid, and water flows through top layer Hole flow to middle lower floor, and more tiny float precipitates, and substantially increases the solid interception of system, can Effectively alleviate blocking, extend the service life of substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effect:
1, the substrate that the present invention uses is cheap and easy to get, easy to operate, and non-secondary pollution is practical.
2, the present invention selects the appropriateness concrete of particle diameter, volcanic rock and three kinds of high-quality substrate of anthracite to carry out rationally Layered configuration, top layer uses the filler that hole is bigger, and middle level uses the filler that hole is less, and bottom uses hole Less filler, can effectively alleviate blocking, extends the service life of substrate.
3, in composite substrate of the present invention concrete, volcanic rock and anthracite can make full use of three to nitrogen, phosphorus and The detergent power of organic pollution, by filtering, adsorb, precipitating, the effect such as complexation and biodegradation go scrubbing Dye thing；Meanwhile, three kinds of substrate synergism, be conducive to optimizing the biological community structure of artificial swamp, upper Layer concrete stromal surface forms one layer of stable biomembrane, indirectly the strengthening removal effect to pollutant, is formed Efficient substrate of vertical-flow constructed wetlands assembles, and enhances vertical current constructed wetland better purifying space.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate structural representation
Fig. 2 is that the present invention simulates artificial wet land system embodiment 1 to NH4 +The treatment effect figure of-N
Fig. 3 is that the present invention simulates artificial wet land system embodiment 1 to NO3 -The treatment effect figure of-N
Fig. 4 is that the present invention simulates the artificial wet land system embodiment 1 treatment effect figure to TN
Fig. 5 is that the present invention simulates the artificial wet land system embodiment 1 treatment effect figure to TP
Fig. 6 is that the present invention simulates artificial wet land system embodiment 1 to CODCrTreatment effect figure
Fig. 7 is that the present invention simulates artificial wet land system embodiment 2 to NH4 +The treatment effect figure of-N
Fig. 8 is that the present invention simulates artificial wet land system embodiment 2 to NO3 -The treatment effect figure of-N
Fig. 9 is that the present invention simulates the artificial wet land system embodiment 2 treatment effect figure to TN
Figure 10 is that the present invention simulates the artificial wet land system embodiment 2 treatment effect figure to TP
Figure 11 is that the present invention simulates artificial wet land system embodiment 2 to CODCrTreatment effect figure
In figure, water inlet pipe 1, concrete layer 2, volcano rock stratum 3, anthracite coal measure 4, outlet pipe 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As it is shown in figure 1, the vertical current constructed wetland lab scale system and device of simulation uses the PVC of internal diameter 25cm Pipe, is highly 110cm, and wherein the total packed height of composite substrate is 100cm, and 10cm's left in pipe top Protective layer.This new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate is made up of concrete, volcanic rock and anthracite.
When building vertical current constructed wetland, the sequence of composite substrate is followed successively by concrete, volcanic rock and smokeless from top to bottom Coal, in the anthracite substrate that filled column underfill particle diameter is 0.5-1cm, height is 18cm；At anthracite Filling particle diameter on layer 4 is the volcanic matrix of 1-3cm, and height is 30cm；Volcano rock stratum 3 is filled grain Footpath is the concrete substrates of 3-5cm, and height is 52cm.Volcano rock stratum respectively with concrete layer, anthracite coal measure Being connected, constituting substrate overall porosity is 0.38.When substrate is filled, by the sequence of above-mentioned substrate and height one One layer of layer is laid, substrate top layer no longer planting plants.Water inlet pipe 1 is contained in concrete layer 2 surface, sewage (from water distribution) by elevated tank flow into water inlet pipe 1, enter composite substrate layer, flow through successively concrete layer 2, Volcano rock stratum 3 and anthracite coal measure 4, outlet pipe 5 is contained in bottom anthracite coal measure 4, the sewage after purification after warp Outlet pipe 5 flows out.Using interval Inlet and outlet water mode, intake every day 1 time, hydraulic detention time is 24h, water Power load is 0.636m3/(m2.d).Sewage quality simulation intermediate concentration sanitary sewage, water inlet and effluent quality are supervised Survey result as shown in table 1, table 2.
Table 1 influent quality table (mg L-1)
Table 2 effluent quality table (mg L-1)
System run duration, upshift operation is good, occurs without clogging.Test result indicate that: this novel group Close artificial wet land system that substrate fills can organics removal, nitrogen and phosphor contaminant efficiently, clean-up effect divides Do not see Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6.Along with the prolongation of system operation time, concrete substrates surface Gradually form more stable biomembrane, NH in water outlet4 +-N、NO3 --N, TN, TP and CODCrFlat All concentration is reduced to 4.56mg/L, 1.95mg/L, 9.71mg/L, 0.93mg/L and 55.29mg/L respectively, Average removal rate is respectively as follows: 80.71%, 83.42%, 78.93%, 87.55% and 85.08%.COD in water outletCr、 The pollutant levels such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus all reach " urban wastewater treatment firm sewage drainage standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.
Embodiment 2:
As it is shown in figure 1, the vertical current constructed wetland lab scale system and device of simulation uses the PVC of internal diameter 25cm Pipe, is highly 110cm, and wherein the total packed height of composite substrate is 100cm, and 10cm's left in pipe top Protective layer.This new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate is made up of concrete, volcanic rock and anthracite.
Build vertical current constructed wetland time, the sequence of composite substrate be followed successively by from top to bottom concrete, volcanic rock and Anthracite, in the anthracite substrate that filled column underfill particle diameter is 0.5-1cm, height is 20cm；In nothing Filling particle diameter on bituminous coal layer 4 is the volcanic matrix of 1-3cm, and height is 28cm；On volcano rock stratum 3 Filling particle diameter is the concrete substrates of 3-5cm, and height is 52cm.Volcano rock stratum respectively with concrete layer, Anthracite coal measure is connected.When substrate is filled, by the sequence of above-mentioned substrate with the most in layer lay, substrate Top layer no longer planting plants.Water inlet pipe 1 is contained in concrete layer 2 surface, and sewage (from water distribution) is by elevated tank Flow into water inlet pipe 1, enter composite substrate layer, flow through concrete layer 2, volcano rock stratum 3 and anthracite coal measure successively 4, outlet pipe 5 is contained in bottom anthracite coal measure 4, the sewage after purification after flow out through outlet pipe 5.Between employing Having a rest Inlet and outlet water mode, intake every day 1 time, hydraulic detention time is 24h, and hydraulic load is 0.636m3/(m2.d)。 Sewage quality simulation intermediate concentration sanitary sewage, effluent quality monitoring result such as table 3.
Table 3 effluent quality table (mg L-1)
System run duration, upshift operation is good, occurs without clogging.Test result indicate that: this novel group Close artificial wet land system that substrate fills can organics removal, nitrogen and phosphor contaminant efficiently, clean-up effect divides Do not see Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11..Along with the prolongation of system operation time, concrete substrates Surface gradually forms more stable biomembrane, NH in water outlet4 +-N、NO3 --N, TN, TP and CODCr's Mean concentration is reduced to 4.86mg/L, 1.78mg/L, 9.24mg/L, 0.85mg/L and 51.33mg/L respectively, Average removal rate is respectively as follows: 81.38%, 84.95%, 80.07%, 88.62% and 86.15%.COD in water outletCr、 The pollutant levels such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus all reach " urban wastewater treatment firm sewage drainage standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.

Claims (4)

1. a new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate, it is characterized in that: described composite substrate is made up of concrete, volcanic rock and anthracite, being sequentially filled concrete layer (2), volcano rock stratum (3) and anthracite coal measure (4) from the vertical direction of water inlet to water outlet, described anthracite granule size is 0.5-1 cm；Described volcanic rock particle diameter is 1-3 cm；Described concrete particle diameter is 3-5 cm.
A kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: total packed height of composite substrate is 100 cm: concrete layer (2) high 48-52 cm, volcano rock stratum (3) high 28-32 cm, anthracite coal measure (4) high 18-22 cm.
A kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it is installed into water pipe (1) on described concrete layer (2) surface.
A kind of new vertical artificial wetland composite substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described anthracite coal measure (4) bottom, outlet pipe (5) is installed.
CN201610271868.4A 2016-04-27 2016-04-27 Novel vertical-flow constructed wetland combined matrix Active CN105776763B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101575156A (en) * 2009-06-03 2009-11-11 南京工业大学 Artificial wetland system with strengthened denitrification and dephosphorization
KR20120051377A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-22 이문기 Environment friendly constructed wetland system for nonpoint source polluted water treatment
CN202988917U (en) * 2012-11-16 2013-06-12 武汉理工大学 Vertical flow artificial wetland substrate reversed size grading system
CN103626286A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-03-12 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 Manufacture method of water supply sludge composite filler and packed bed thereof
CN105060483A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-11-18 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Overlap type composite sewage treatment device for vertical flow artificial wetland

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101575156A (en) * 2009-06-03 2009-11-11 南京工业大学 Artificial wetland system with strengthened denitrification and dephosphorization
KR20120051377A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-22 이문기 Environment friendly constructed wetland system for nonpoint source polluted water treatment
CN202988917U (en) * 2012-11-16 2013-06-12 武汉理工大学 Vertical flow artificial wetland substrate reversed size grading system
CN103626286A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-03-12 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 Manufacture method of water supply sludge composite filler and packed bed thereof
CN105060483A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-11-18 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Overlap type composite sewage treatment device for vertical flow artificial wetland

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