CN105761436A - Red bed region landslide early warning method and application thereof - Google Patents
Red bed region landslide early warning method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red bed region landslide early warning method and application thereof, belonging to the landslide control engineering technical field. The method comprises the steps of: employing a red bed region landslide mass and a non-landslide mass as investigation objects, and measuring the slope alpha, landslide mass area A, upper portion slope beta, upper portion area Au, left side transverse slope theta1, right side transverse slope theta2, left side transverse area AL, and right side transverse area AR of the landslide mass and the non-landslide mass, and the terrace area A' on the landslide mass; calculating a slop factor S, an upper side factor U and two sides factor C, and determining a free face factor F through topographic condition contrast; and calculating a topographical factor T, equivalent rainfall R*, a rainfall factor R and a landside critical value Cr, determining a slope grade, and emitting an early warning signal. The method meanwhile considers the effects and mutual influence of the topographical factor and the rainfall factor which trigger landslides, obtains a landslide critical value which accords more with a triggering shallow-layer landslide mechanism, and has the characteristics of high accuracy of landslide early warning and strong disaster prevention applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to landslide control engineering technical field, particularly relate to a kind of Based on Red Bed and brought out method for early warning and the application thereof of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope by rainfall and rainfall intensity.
Background technology
Based on Red Bed is made up of alternately verrucano, glutenite, siltstone, arenaceous shale and mud stone etc., belongs to typical beded rock mass, and the attitude of rocks is mostly mild.The landslide o earth slope of Based on Red Bed is mainly based on shallow-layer landslide o earth slope, and on such slope, overburden layer is thin, and rock stratum is slow inclines, and tends to occur slide on a large scale under intense rainfall condition.Occurring to cover the shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of interface bedding slip in Based on Red Bed along base and occur mainly in the special area of 1-5m, there is important associating on this kind of landslide with rainfall infiltration, and the parameter selection on landslide is also relevant with this mechanism.
Both at home and abroad slide prediction is mainly based upon in the rainfall impact on slope at present, and propose many models, such as: Infiltration Model when Green and Ampt (1911) has initially set up hydrops, Horton [1933] establish experience Infiltration Model, Philip (1957) proposes famous Richards equation, but affect slope slide factor be not only condition of raining can left and right, there is significant limitation.Under same geological conditions, orographic condition has irreplaceable effect equally, so consideration condition of raining and the orographic condition of system is wanted in the research for coming down, analyze its rule, thus drawing the model of the suitability and predicting the generation of Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope.
Publication number is CN101598721, publication date is that in December, 2009 Chinese patent literature of 09 day discloses a kind of method for forecasting stability of soil slope under condition of raining, it first passes through 11 parameters and sets up stability of soil slope governing factor consolidated statement, analyze again through stability of soil slope governing factor mathematical regression, set up each governing factor anti-flood capacity grade form, then pass through Regional Landslide and rainfall relational surveys statistical analysis, draw effective precipitation threshold values during landslide, it is finally according to anti-flood capacity grade form, in conjunction with various rainfall rules and feature, set up soil side slope stability alert level figure under condition of raining, according to soil side slope stability alert level figure under condition of raining, stability status residing for a certain side slope is predicted forecast.Method for forecasting stability of soil slope disclosed in this patent documentation, do not account for the impact in rainfall or extreme rainfall hysteresis Upon Slope Stability under difference lasts condition, landslide failure prediction is delayed, it is impossible to landslide early warning is made the fastest reaction, takes precautions against natural calamities poor for applicability.
Publication number is CN104299367A, the Chinese patent literature that publication date is on 01 21st, 2015 discloses a kind of multistage comprehensive monitoring method for early warning of landslide disaster, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: (1), by historical record Monitoring Data and Landslide Deformation damage model test, calculates landslide monitoring early warning threshold limit value；Determine whether study area has the possibility that landslide occurs according to each index critical exponent；(2) if monitoring numerical value is more than marginal value；According to each landslide occurrence index, it is determined that the probability size of come down contingent place and landslide generation, delimit early-warning and predicting grade；(3) level Four early warning and early warning boundary region are determined；(4) issue early warning result, in combination with the pre-police region mass presdiction and disaster prevention network system, directly notice monitoring person liable, carry out take precautions against natural calamities, keep away calamity preparation.The multistage comprehensive monitoring method for early warning of landslide disaster disclosed in this patent documentation, it is necessary to a large amount of historical record Monitoring Data that landslide occurs, again through Landslide Deformation damage model test, calculates landslide monitoring early warning threshold limit value；Determining whether study area has the possibility that landslide occurs further according to each index critical exponent, it is necessary to the landslide factor of analysis is more, whole early warning work complexity, response lag, early warning efficiency is low, and the suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities is poor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of Based on Red Bed landslide method for early warning and application thereof are provided, the present invention considers the effect causing terrain factor and the big factor of the rainfall factor two come down simultaneously for the measuring and calculating of critical value to slide and influences each other, the critical value to slide drawn more meets and brings out shallow failure mechanism, and landslide early warning accuracy is higher；And a large amount of history observation data occurred that need not come down, it is only necessary to determine the terrain factor of observation area, Based on Red Bed and the rainfall factor, shallow failure early warning is brought out for Based on Red Bed and can make the fastest reaction, there is the higher suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed method for early warning, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, using Based on Red Bed slip mass and non-slip mass as respondent, measure slip mass and the gradient α of non-slip mass, slip mass area A, top gradient β, top area Au, left side cross fall θ1, right side cross fall θ2, left side horizontal area AL, right side horizontal area ARWith the terraced fields area A' on slip mass；
B, calculating Based on Red Bed according to formula respectively and bring out slope factor S, the upper side factor U in the terrain factor of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope and both sides factor C, determine free face factor F by orographic condition contrast, having free face F is 0.1, is 0 without free face F；
S=tan α (formula 1)
C, show that according to step b the terrain factor T of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is brought out in Based on Red Bed；
T=S+U+0.2C+F (formula 4)
D, according to formula calculate equivalence rainfall R*；
R*=(B+1.2I) (formula 5)
Wherein, B is rainfall, and I is 1 hourly rainfall depth, obtains each through measuring in real time；
E, according to formula calculate rainfall factor R；
Wherein, R0For average annual rainfall, Cv is 1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation, and R* is equivalence rainfall, R0Determine each through the local hydrologic manual of inquiry with Cv；
F, comprehensive terrain factor T and rainfall factor R, calculate critical value to slide Cr by formula；
Cr=RT0.9(formula 7)
G, the critical value to slide Cr size obtained according to f step carry out condition distinguishing, it is determined that landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal.
Landslide grade in described step g is followed successively by green advanced warning grade, yellow advanced warning grade, orange advanced warning grade and red early warning grade.
Early warning signal in described step g is determined by condition distinguishing, as critical value to slide Cr < 0.32, it is possible to property is only small, for green advanced warning grade, sends green safety signal；As critical value to slide 0.32≤Cr < 0.42, it is possible to property is little, for yellow advanced warning grade, send yellow early warning signal；As critical value to slide 0.42≤Cr < 0.53, it is possible to property is medium, for orange advanced warning grade, send orange early warning signal；When critical value to slide Cr >=0.53, it is possible to property is big, for red early warning grade, send red early warning signal.
Early warning ultimate principle of the present invention is as follows:
Under identical geological conditions premise, bringing out shallow-layer landslide o earth slope and mainly determined by orographic condition and condition of raining, two conditions are indispensable, bring out shallow-layer landslide o earth slope under combined effect.The present invention has taken into full account the comprehensive function of the two condition, and the forecasting model of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is brought out in formation Based on Red Bed of the effect of two conditions being united；Study through substantial amounts of field investigation, analysis is determined for set shallow-layer landslide o earth slope with for not coming down, obtain the functional relation 7 of orographic condition and condition of raining, condition distinguishing is carried out by critical value to slide Cr size, determine landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal, complete whole early warning work.
The present invention divides suitable in the advanced warning grade of Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope.
Further, the present invention is applicable to the advanced warning grade division of slip mass and the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass.
Further, the present invention is applicable to the advanced warning grade division of the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 0 °≤β≤45 ° of the top gradient.
Beneficial effects of the present invention main manifestations is in the following areas:
One, the present invention, when being applied to the shallow-layer landslide o earth slope early warning of Based on Red Bed, pass sequentially through step a-f, just can calculate critical value to slide Cr, relatively prior art, owing to the measuring and calculating of critical value to slide Cr considering the terrain factor T causing landslide and the effect of the big factor of rainfall factor R two and influences each other simultaneously, the critical value to slide Cr drawn more meets and brings out shallow failure mechanism, and the early warning accuracy that comes down is higher；For set unstable slope, adopt the inventive method measuring and calculating critical value to slide Cr need not come down occur a large amount of history observation data, have only to determine the terrain factor T of observation area, Based on Red Bed and rainfall factor R, shallow failure early warning is brought out for Based on Red Bed and can make the fastest reaction, there is the higher suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
Two, the present invention, by orographic condition and condition of raining, the effect of the two condition is united and is formed Based on Red Bed and bring out the forecasting model of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope, by calculating the critical value to slide Cr in this region under existing orographic condition and condition of raining and carrying out condition distinguishing, the region bringing out the probability size of shallow failure can be judged the soonest, relatively prior art for landslide early warning only from condition of raining consider for, not only accuracy is higher, and the fastest reaction can be made, early warning is highly sensitive, and the suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities is strong.
Three, the present invention, by carrying out condition distinguishing by calculated critical value to slide Cr, it is determined that landslide grade, sends corresponding early warning signal；As critical value to slide Cr < 0.32, it is possible to property is only small, for green advanced warning grade, send green safety signal；As critical value to slide 0.32≤Cr < 0.42, it is possible to property is little, for yellow advanced warning grade, send yellow early warning signal；As critical value to slide 0.42≤Cr < 0.53, it is possible to property is medium, for orange advanced warning grade, send orange early warning signal；When critical value to slide Cr >=0.53, it is possible to property is big, for red early warning grade, sending red early warning signal, early warning effect ocular and clear, early warning fineness is high, greatly improves the suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
Four, the present invention, slope factor S is the main dynamics factors on landslide, upper side factor U is due to the effect of rainfall infiltration, water source is provided for landslide, gentle slope can be promoted to form landslide, both sides factor C due to both sides have cross fall time, horizontal intermediate recess landform is conducive to collecting of water source, is beneficial to the growth on landslide；By calculating slope factor S, upper side factor U and both sides factor C respectively, and then the critical value to slide Cr drawn more meets and brings out shallow failure mechanism, has ensured landslide early warning reliability, improves landslide early warning quality and effect.
Five, the present invention, advanced warning grade suitable in slip mass with the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass divides, by measuring the gradient α of slip mass and non-slip mass, and the slope factor S that through type 1 calculates is the main incitant that landslide is formed, when slip mass and 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass, it is easy to the stable and accurate landslide advanced warning grade that marks off, improves Disaster Defense Capability.
Six, the present invention, advanced warning grade suitable in the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 0 °≤β≤45 ° of the top gradient divides, by measuring the gradient α and top gradient β of slip mass and non-slip mass, and the upper side factor U that through type 2 calculates, effect due to rainfall infiltration, water source is provided for landslide, upper side factor U is the secondary incitant that landslide is formed, when 0 °≤β≤45 °, and in conjunction with the gradient α of slip mass Yu non-slip mass, landslide advanced warning grade can be divided more accurately, improve landslide early warning quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is slip mass respondent of the present invention figure；
Fig. 2 is the A-A generalized section of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the B-B generalized section of Fig. 1；
Wherein: AuFor top area, A is slip mass area, ALFor left side horizontal area, ARFor right side horizontal area, F is the free face factor, and α is the gradient of slip mass and non-slip mass, and β is the top gradient, θ1For the cross fall in left side, θ2Cross fall for right side.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed method for early warning, comprise the following steps:
A, using Based on Red Bed slip mass and non-slip mass as respondent, measure slip mass and the gradient α of non-slip mass, slip mass area A, top gradient β, top area Au, left side cross fall θ1, right side cross fall θ2, left side horizontal area AL, right side horizontal area ARWith the terraced fields area A' on slip mass；
B, calculating Based on Red Bed according to formula respectively and bring out slope factor S, the upper side factor U in the terrain factor of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope and both sides factor C, determine free face factor F by orographic condition contrast, having free face F is 0.1, is 0 without free face F；
S=tan α (formula 1)
C, show that according to step b the terrain factor T of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is brought out in Based on Red Bed；
T=S+U+0.2C+F (formula 4)
D, according to formula calculate equivalence rainfall R*；
R*=(B+1.2I) (formula 5)
Wherein, B is rainfall, and I is 1 hourly rainfall depth, obtains each through measuring in real time；
E, according to formula calculate rainfall factor R；
Wherein, R0For average annual rainfall, Cv is 1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation, and R* is equivalence rainfall, R0Determine each through the local hydrologic manual of inquiry with Cv；
F, comprehensive terrain factor T and rainfall factor R, calculate critical value to slide Cr by formula；
Cr=RT0.9(formula 7)
G, the critical value to slide Cr size obtained according to f step carry out condition distinguishing, it is determined that landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal.
In above-mentioned steps formula:
The gradient of α slip mass and non-slip mass, measurement is determined；
A slip mass area, m2, measurement is determined；
The β top gradient, measurement is determined；
AuTop area, m2, measurement is determined；
θ1The cross fall in left side, measurement is determined；
θ2The cross fall on right side, measurement is determined；
ALLeft side horizontal area, m2, measurement is determined；
ARRight side horizontal area, m2, measurement is determined；
Terraced fields area on A' slip mass, m2, measurement is determined；
S slope factor；
The U upper side factor；
The C both sides factor；
The F free face factor, is obtained by the comparative study of orographic condition, has free face F=0.1, without free face F=0；
T terrain factor；
R* equivalence rainfall, refers to the comprehensive interception rainfall index in conjunction with rainfall and hourly rainfall depth；
B rainfall, mm, measures in real time and determines；
I 1 hourly rainfall depth, mm, measures in real time and determines；
The R rainfall factor；
R0Average annual rainfall, mm, the local hydrologic manual of inquiry is determined；
1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation of Cv, the local hydrologic manual of inquiry is determined；
Cr critical value to slide.
The present embodiment is most basic embodiment, when being applied to the shallow-layer landslide o earth slope early warning of Based on Red Bed, pass sequentially through step a-f, just can calculate critical value to slide Cr, relatively prior art, owing to the measuring and calculating of critical value to slide Cr considering the terrain factor T causing landslide and the effect of the big factor of rainfall factor R two and influences each other simultaneously, the critical value to slide Cr drawn more meets and brings out shallow failure mechanism, and the early warning accuracy that comes down is higher；For set unstable slope, adopt the inventive method measuring and calculating critical value to slide Cr need not come down occur a large amount of history observation data, have only to determine the terrain factor T of observation area, Based on Red Bed and rainfall factor R, shallow failure early warning is brought out for Based on Red Bed and can make the fastest reaction, there is the higher suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed method for early warning, comprise the following steps:
A, using Based on Red Bed slip mass and non-slip mass as respondent, measure slip mass and the gradient α of non-slip mass, slip mass area A, top gradient β, top area Au, left side cross fall θ1, right side cross fall θ2, left side horizontal area AL, right side horizontal area ARWith the terraced fields area A' on slip mass；
B, calculating Based on Red Bed according to formula respectively and bring out slope factor S, the upper side factor U in the terrain factor of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope and both sides factor C, determine free face factor F by orographic condition contrast, having free face F is 0.1, is 0 without free face F；
S=tan α (formula 1)
C, show that according to step b the terrain factor T of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is brought out in Based on Red Bed；
T=S+U+0.2C+F (formula 4)
D, according to formula calculate equivalence rainfall R*；
R*=(B+1.2I) (formula 5)
Wherein, B is rainfall, and I is 1 hourly rainfall depth, obtains each through measuring in real time；
E, according to formula calculate rainfall factor R；
Wherein, R0For average annual rainfall, Cv is 1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation, and R* is equivalence rainfall, R0Determine each through the local hydrologic manual of inquiry with Cv；
F, comprehensive terrain factor T and rainfall factor R, calculate critical value to slide Cr by formula；
Cr=RT0.9(formula 7)
G, the critical value to slide Cr size obtained according to f step carry out condition distinguishing, it is determined that landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal.
In above-mentioned steps formula:
The gradient of α slip mass and non-slip mass, measurement is determined；
A slip mass area, m2, measurement is determined；
The β top gradient, measurement is determined；
AuTop area, m2, measurement is determined；
θ1The cross fall in left side, measurement is determined；
θ2The cross fall on right side, measurement is determined；
ALLeft side horizontal area, m2, measurement is determined；
ARRight side horizontal area, m2, measurement is determined；
Terraced fields area on A' slip mass, m2, measurement is determined；
S slope factor；
The U upper side factor；
The C both sides factor；
The F free face factor, is obtained by the comparative study of orographic condition, has free face F=0.1, without free face F=0；
T terrain factor；
R* equivalence rainfall, refers to the comprehensive interception rainfall index in conjunction with rainfall and hourly rainfall depth；
B rainfall, mm, measures in real time and determines；
I 1 hourly rainfall depth, mm, measures in real time and determines；
The R rainfall factor；
R0Average annual rainfall, mm, the local hydrologic manual of inquiry is determined；
1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation of Cv, the local hydrologic manual of inquiry is determined；
Cr critical value to slide.
Landslide grade in described step g is followed successively by green advanced warning grade, yellow advanced warning grade, orange advanced warning grade and red early warning grade.
Early warning signal in described step g is determined by condition distinguishing, as critical value to slide Cr < 0.32, it is possible to property is only small, for green advanced warning grade, sends green safety signal；As critical value to slide 0.32≤Cr < 0.42, it is possible to property is little, for yellow advanced warning grade, send yellow early warning signal；As critical value to slide 0.42≤Cr < 0.53, it is possible to property is medium, for orange advanced warning grade, send orange early warning signal；When critical value to slide Cr >=0.53, it is possible to property is big, for red early warning grade, send red early warning signal.
The present embodiment is a better embodiment, by orographic condition and condition of raining, the effect of the two condition is united and is formed Based on Red Bed and bring out the forecasting model of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope, by calculating the critical value to slide Cr in this region under existing orographic condition and condition of raining and carrying out condition distinguishing, the region bringing out the probability size of shallow failure can be judged the soonest, relatively prior art for landslide early warning only from condition of raining consider for, not only accuracy is higher, and the fastest reaction can be made, early warning is highly sensitive, and the suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities is strong.Carry out condition distinguishing by the critical value to slide Cr that will obtain, it is determined that landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal；As critical value to slide Cr < 0.32, it is possible to property is only small, for green advanced warning grade, send green safety signal；As critical value to slide 0.32≤Cr < 0.42, it is possible to property is little, for yellow advanced warning grade, send yellow early warning signal；As critical value to slide 0.42≤Cr < 0.53, it is possible to property is medium, for orange advanced warning grade, send orange early warning signal；When critical value to slide Cr >=0.53, it is possible to property is big, for red early warning grade, sending red early warning signal, early warning effect ocular and clear, early warning fineness is high, greatly improves the suitability of taking precautions against natural calamities.Embodiment 3
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed method for early warning, comprise the following steps:
A, using Based on Red Bed slip mass and non-slip mass as respondent, measure slip mass and the gradient α of non-slip mass, slip mass area A, top gradient β, top area Au, left side cross fall θ1, right side cross fall θ2, left side horizontal area AL, right side horizontal area ARWith the terraced fields area A' on slip mass；
B, calculating Based on Red Bed according to formula respectively and bring out slope factor S, the upper side factor U in the terrain factor of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope and both sides factor C, determine free face factor F by orographic condition contrast, having free face F is 0.1, is 0 without free face F；
S=tan α (formula 1)
C, show that according to step b the terrain factor T of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is brought out in Based on Red Bed；
T=S+U+0.2C+F (formula 4)
D, according to formula calculate equivalence rainfall R*；
R*=(B+1.2I) (formula 5)
Wherein, B is rainfall, and I is 1 hourly rainfall depth, obtains each through measuring in real time；
E, according to formula calculate rainfall factor R；
Wherein, R0For average annual rainfall, Cv is 1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation, and R* is equivalence rainfall, R0Determine each through the local hydrologic manual of inquiry with Cv；
F, comprehensive terrain factor T and rainfall factor R, calculate critical value to slide Cr by formula；
Cr=RT0.9(formula 7)
G, the critical value to slide Cr size obtained according to f step carry out condition distinguishing, it is determined that landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal.
In above-mentioned steps formula:
The gradient of α slip mass and non-slip mass, measurement is determined；
A slip mass area, m2, measurement is determined；
The β top gradient, measurement is determined；
AuTop area, m2, measurement is determined；
θ1The cross fall in left side, measurement is determined；
θ2The cross fall on right side, measurement is determined；
ALLeft side horizontal area, m2, measurement is determined；
ARRight side horizontal area, m2, measurement is determined；
Terraced fields area on A' slip mass, m2, measurement is determined；
S slope factor；
The U upper side factor；
The C both sides factor；
The F free face factor, is obtained by the comparative study of orographic condition, has free face F=0.1, without free face F=0；
T terrain factor；
R* equivalence rainfall, refers to the comprehensive interception rainfall index in conjunction with rainfall and hourly rainfall depth；
B rainfall, mm, measures in real time and determines；
I 1 hourly rainfall depth, mm, measures in real time and determines；
The R rainfall factor；
R0Average annual rainfall, mm, the local hydrologic manual of inquiry is determined；
1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation of Cv, the local hydrologic manual of inquiry is determined；
Cr critical value to slide.
Landslide grade in described step g is followed successively by green advanced warning grade, yellow advanced warning grade, orange advanced warning grade and red early warning grade.
Early warning signal in described step g is determined by condition distinguishing, as critical value to slide Cr < 0.32, it is possible to property is only small, for green advanced warning grade, sends green safety signal；As critical value to slide 0.32≤Cr < 0.42, it is possible to property is little, for yellow advanced warning grade, send yellow early warning signal；As critical value to slide 0.42≤Cr < 0.53, it is possible to property is medium, for orange advanced warning grade, send orange early warning signal；When critical value to slide Cr >=0.53, it is possible to property is big, for red early warning grade, send red early warning signal.
The present invention divides suitable in the advanced warning grade of Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope.
Further, the present invention is applicable to the advanced warning grade division of slip mass and the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass.
Further, the present invention is applicable to the advanced warning grade division of the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 0 °≤β≤45 ° of the top gradient.
The present embodiment is preferred forms, slope factor S is the main dynamics factors on landslide, upper side factor U is due to the effect of rainfall infiltration, water source is provided for landslide, gentle slope can be promoted to form landslide, both sides factor C due to both sides have cross fall time, horizontal intermediate recess landform is conducive to collecting of water source, is beneficial to the growth on landslide；By calculating slope factor S, upper side factor U and both sides factor C respectively, and then the critical value to slide Cr drawn more meets and brings out shallow failure mechanism, has ensured landslide early warning reliability, improves landslide early warning quality and effect.The present invention, advanced warning grade suitable in slip mass with the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass divides, by measuring the gradient α of slip mass and non-slip mass, and the slope factor S that through type 1 calculates is the main incitant that landslide is formed, when slip mass and 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass, it is easy to the stable and accurate landslide advanced warning grade that marks off, improves Disaster Defense Capability.The present invention, advanced warning grade suitable in the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 0 °≤β≤45 ° of the top gradient divides, by measuring the gradient α and top gradient β of slip mass and non-slip mass, and the upper side factor U that through type 2 calculates, effect due to rainfall infiltration, water source is provided for landslide, upper side factor U is the secondary incitant that landslide is formed, when 0 °≤β≤45 °, and in conjunction with the gradient α of slip mass Yu non-slip mass, landslide advanced warning grade can be divided more accurately, improve landslide early warning quality.
Adopting the present invention to Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope early warning, early warning effect analysis is as follows:
Field research in 2015 occurs the part at Nanjiang County Dong Yupu to come down in JIUYUE, 2011 16-18 day and some are conducive to landslide in landform but the point on landslide does not occur, and wherein has 21 shallow-layer landslide o earth slopes, and neighbouring 44 are not come down a little.These points obtain terrain factor T for comparative study: investigation slip mass and the gradient α of non-slip mass, slip mass area A, top gradient β, top area Au, left side cross fall θ1, right side cross fall θ2, left side horizontal area ALWith right side horizontal area ARAnd whether have free face.After the rainfall data that have collected in JIUYUE, 2011 16-18 day, it is determined that the rainfall factor R at Dong Yupu: average annual rainfall R0, 1 hour rainfall variation coefficient Cv, rainfall B, 1 hourly rainfall depth I, occurrence is referring to table 1, and table 1 is Dong Yupu landslide and non-land slide data table.
Table 1
The comparing result that landslide judges, referring to table 2.
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2: all landslide point be positioned at probability medium more than, Cr >=0.42；And misjudge and a little only account for 2.3% for not coming down of landslide, Cr >=0.53, the point that major part does not come down is positioned at probability low middling Cr < 0.42, it was shown that the false determination ratio of this model and misdetection rate are all relatively low.
Visible, by adopting method for early warning of the present invention, it is possible to reduce false determination ratio and misdetection rate greatly, ensure landslide early warning reliability, improve landslide early warning accuracy.
Claims (6)
1. landslide, Based on Red Bed method for early warning, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, using Based on Red Bed slip mass and non-slip mass as respondent, measure slip mass and the gradient α of non-slip mass, slip mass area A, top gradient β, top area Au, left side cross fall θ1, right side cross fall θ2, left side horizontal area AL, right side horizontal area ARWith the terraced fields area A' on slip mass；
B, calculating Based on Red Bed according to formula respectively and bring out slope factor S, the upper side factor U in the terrain factor of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope and both sides factor C, determine free face factor F by orographic condition contrast, having free face F is 0.1, is 0 without free face F；
S=tan α (formula 1)
C, show that according to step b the terrain factor T of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is brought out in Based on Red Bed；
T=S+U+0.2C+F (formula 4)
D, according to formula calculate equivalence rainfall R*；
R*=(B+1.2I) (formula 5)
Wherein, B is rainfall, and I is 1 hourly rainfall depth, obtains each through measuring in real time；
E, according to formula calculate rainfall factor R；
Wherein, R0For average annual rainfall, Cv is 1 hour rainfall coefficient of variation, and R* is equivalence rainfall, R0Determine each through the local hydrologic manual of inquiry with Cv；
F, comprehensive terrain factor T and rainfall factor R, calculate critical value to slide Cr by formula；
Cr=RT0.9(formula 7)
G, the critical value to slide Cr size obtained according to f step carry out condition distinguishing, it is determined that landslide grade, and send corresponding early warning signal.
2. landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed according to claim 1 method for early warning, it is characterised in that: the landslide grade in described step g is followed successively by green advanced warning grade, yellow advanced warning grade, orange advanced warning grade and red early warning grade.
3. landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed according to claim 2 method for early warning, it is characterized in that: the early warning signal in described step g is determined by condition distinguishing, critical value to slide Cr < 0.32, it is possible to property is only small, for green advanced warning grade, send green safety signal；As critical value to slide 0.32≤Cr < 0.42, it is possible to property is little, for yellow advanced warning grade, send yellow early warning signal；As critical value to slide 0.42≤Cr < 0.53, it is possible to property is medium, for orange advanced warning grade, send orange early warning signal；When critical value to slide Cr >=0.53, it is possible to property is big, for red early warning grade, send red early warning signal.
4. the application of landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed according to claim 1 method for early warning, it is characterised in that: the advanced warning grade suitable in Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope divides.
5. the application of landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed according to claim 4 method for early warning, it is characterised in that: the advanced warning grade suitable in slip mass with the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 7 °≤α≤32 ° of the gradient of non-slip mass divides.
6. the application of landslide, a kind of Based on Red Bed according to claim 4 method for early warning, it is characterised in that: the advanced warning grade suitable in the Based on Red Bed shallow-layer landslide o earth slope of 0 °≤β≤45 ° of the top gradient divides.
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| CN108615335A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-02 | 成都理工大学 | Cut landslide method for early warning and the application on slope in a kind of In The Granite Area |
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| CN116245283A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-06-09 | 北京七兆科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for evaluating risk of secondary disasters in waste slag field |
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