CN101363730A - Investigation and sortation method for disaster danger area in mountanious region - Google Patents
Investigation and sortation method for disaster danger area in mountanious region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an investigation and classification method for mountain hazard dangerous zones. The method comprises the classification and the investigation of silt-sand balance of mountain hazard drainage areas, landslide risk of the mountain hazard drainage areas and the mountain hazards; and the mountain hazards are divided into four categories of mudflow mountain hazards with strong impact, the mudflow mountain hazards, high sand content mountain torrent mountain hazards and general mountain torrent mountain hazards. The invention further comprises the dividing of the dangerous zones of alluvial cones of trenches and trench mouths of the mountain hazard dangerous zones. The investigation method is simple; the classification is scientific; and the method can simply and accurately reflect the distribution of the mountain hazard dangerous zones, identify the number and the distribution situation of various types of the mountain hazards, provide a basis for protecting, improving and reasonably utilizing mountain water and soil and other natural resources and provide background information for the construction of residential points, bridges, culverts, roads, factories, mines and tourism scenic areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the investigation method in a kind of geologic hazard explosive area, relate in particular to investigation of a kind of mountain region disaster explosive area and sorting technique.
Background technology
The mountain region is the three-dimensional landform body that significantly rises and falls and have the gradient, and peculiar diversified landform shape and corresponding environment thereof, resource characteristic have brought profound influence for human survival, life and activity in production.The mountain region resource can make full use of, and for the mankind benefit, but just endangers when the environmental ecology balance wrecks, wherein water resource is particularly remarkable at the forms of motion in mountain region, water is many just to form the huge mountain flood of power, and water has just lacked and very easily damage caused by a drought occurred, causes drought.And for example ground often forms the soil body and runs off in the result of mountain region motion.Mountain region disaster promptly be take place in the mountain region to the mankind and disaster that living environment caused thereof, as landslide, avalanche, rubble flow or the like.
Mountain region disaster and people's life is closely bound up; accurately ascertain the quantity and the distribution situation of all types of mountain region disasters; can and rationally utilize natural resources such as mountain area water and soil that foundation is provided for protection, improvement, for residential area, bridge, culvert and road, industrial and mineral, the construction of travelling scenery district etc. provide background information.
In the prior art,, can not react the distribution in mountain region disaster explosive area simply, exactly to the investigation method complexity in mountain region disaster explosive area, the not science of classifying.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide simple, the classification science of a kind of investigation method, can react the investigation of mountain region disaster explosive area and the sorting technique of the distribution in mountain region disaster explosive area simply, exactly.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Investigation of mountain region disaster of the present invention explosive area and sorting technique comprise one in the following project in mountain region disaster explosive area or multinomial the investigation:
To the investigation of mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance, to the investigation of mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard, to the mountain region disaster Classification Count;
Described mountain region disaster classification comprises: the rubble flow mountain region disaster that impulsive force is strong, rubble flow mountain region disaster, height contain husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster, general mountain torrents mountain region disaster.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, investigation of mountain region disaster of the present invention explosive area and sorting technique, because to mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance investigation, to the investigation of mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard and to the mountain region disaster Classification Count, and with the mountain region disaster classifying and dividing be: the rubble flow mountain region disaster that impulsive force is strong, rubble flow mountain region disaster, height contain husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster, general mountain torrents mountain region disaster.Investigation method is simple, the classification science, can react the distribution in mountain region disaster explosive area simply, exactly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the scope of the flooding synoptic diagram of meander channel among the present invention.
Embodiment
Investigation of mountain region disaster of the present invention explosive area and sorting technique, its preferable embodiment is to comprise one in the following project in mountain region disaster explosive area or multinomial the investigation:
To the investigation of mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance, to the investigation of mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard, to the mountain region disaster Classification Count, can also investigate other project according to the needs of locality.
Classification comprises following 4 classes to mountain region disaster: the rubble flow mountain region disaster that impulsive force is strong, rubble flow mountain region disaster, height contain husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster, general mountain torrents mountain region disaster.
Specifically when mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance is investigated, comprise the domatic or raceway groove landwaste in the mountain region disaster basin, the distributing position and the quantity of silt are investigated, to the potential sediment yield in domatic or the raceway groove and may deposition investigate etc.
When mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard is investigated, can carry out by the following method:
At first, one in the domatic following index in the mountain region disaster basin or many index are investigated: the situation of soil type index, domatic thickness of soil, domatic soil particle grating, domatic water status, domatic height, the domatic gradient, domatic state of ground, domatic existing landslide wriggling, probable maximum precipitation etc. in local a day apart from local base level of erosion.As required, can also investigate other index.
Then, the weighted mean value of every index of being investigated as the domatic comprehensive stability sex index in the mountain region disaster basin, and is judged mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard according to this index.Wherein, the weight of every index can be determined according to the concrete condition of locality.
During to the mountain region disaster Classification Count, can carry out in accordance with the following methods:
At first, one in the following index of the domatic or raceway groove in the mountain region disaster basin or many index are investigated: rubble flow and flood damage, probable maximum precipitation amount on the one, may produce the sand amount, the water permeability of the possibility, soil and the rock that result in blockage by mountain region disaster wood.As required, can also investigate other index.
Then, with the weighted mean value of every index of being investigated total score class index, and described mountain region disaster classification is judged according to this index as the domatic or raceway groove in the described mountain region disaster basin.Wherein, the weight of every index can be determined according to the concrete condition of locality.
Can also carry out the explosive area to the alluviation circular cone at the exit or entrance of a clitch in mountain region disaster explosive area and divide, specifically comprise:
At first, on the alluviation circular cone, select one or more points for investigation, and one in the following index around the points for investigation or many index are investigated: maximum ga(u)ge, surface gradient, dominant plant situation, the erosion condition of the maximum volume of the stone of going out, the alluvial of identifiable individual layer, the situation of runoff restraining mass is arranged; Then, with the weighted mean value of every index of being investigated explosive area aggregative index, and according to this index described alluviation circular cone is carried out the explosive area and divide as described alluviation circular cone.
Can also carry out the explosive area to the raceway groove in mountain region disaster explosive area and divide, specifically comprise:
At first, get a plurality of points for investigation along described raceway groove, the selection of points for investigation can be chosen in the zone that needs focused protection, as enterprise, bridge, tourist district etc.And investigate the maximum crest discharge and the section conveyance capacity of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place; Then, according to section conveyance capacity and the maximum crest discharge of different periods of history described raceway groove is carried out the explosive area division.
Wherein, maximum crest discharge calculates by following formula:
Maximum clear water crest discharge formula: Q=2 α N
aF
b,
In the formula: Q-clear water crest discharge; N-reappears the time limit; The drainage area that F-protection object place is above; A, b-coefficient, dissimilar districts value difference can be found by " hydrologic manual "; α-coefficient is as drainage area＜10km
2The time, α=1.10, otherwise, α=1.0;
Maximum muddy water crest discharge formula: Qc=η Q, in the formula, η-comprehensive mountain region disaster index, concrete value is as shown in table 1.
The computing method of the conveyance capacity of section part are:
The flow velocity of section part is: V=(M/ α) R
(2/3)J
(1/10),
In the formula,
Ro-flood unit weight; Rw-clear water unit weight; R ω-grit unit weight; R-hydraulic radius=water-carrying section/wetted perimeter; The J-hydraulic gradient is got the bottom of trench top rake;
M-riverbed external resistance coefficient, concrete value is as shown in table 2.
The conveyance capacity of section part is: Q=A * V, and in the formula, the flow area of the described section part of A-.
When described raceway groove is carried out the explosive area division, comprising:
If the conveyance capacity Q of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place is a red color area less than the muddy water crest discharge of 50 years one chances, promptly forbid building area herein;
If the conveyance capacity Q of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place is greater than the muddy water crest discharge of meeting in 50 years, and, be yellow region less than the muddy water crest discharge of meeting in 100 years, i.e. herein restriction or reinforcing building area;
If the conveyance capacity Q of the raceway groove at points for investigation place is white area, i.e. place of safety greater than the muddy water crest discharge of 100 years one chances herein.
When raceway groove being carried out the explosive area division,, then at first determine the scope of flooding as shown in Figure 1, to comprise step if raceway groove is a meander channel:
At first, tentative calculation goes out the deep line Peak Flow Rate V of raceway groove protection object place according to the muddy water crest discharge
Max,
V
2 max＝2V/[1+(r-w)/r]
In the formula, V-protection object place water-carrying section mean flow rate; R-bend curvature of centre radius; The w-section width;
Then, calculate outer arc surface superelevation S,
S＝V
max×β×W/(g×r)
In the formula, V
Max-bend stream central line Peak Flow Rate; G-acceleration of gravity; R-bend center radius; The w-section width; β-coefficient, general mountain torrents β=2, height contain husky mountain torrents β=1.5, rubble flow β=1.0;
Then, determine the scope of flooding, and according to the scope of flooding described raceway groove carried out the explosive area and divide that the following part of Fig. 1 bend is the scope of flooding according to the value of S.
The present invention is a unit with county or villages (towns), finds out the quantity and the distribution situation of all types of mountain region disasters, for protection, improvement and rationally utilize natural resources such as mountain area water and soil that foundation is provided; The respondent is a purpose with protection, carries out the mountain region disaster classification, draws mountain torrents, rubble flow explosive area figure, for residential area, bridge, culvert and road, industrial and mineral, the construction of travelling scenery district provide background information.
Main respondent is: the raceway groove that enterprise, bridges and culverts, road, large stretch of basic farmland or economic forests such as residential area, industrial and mineral are arranged in the basin or in the exit or entrance of a clitch; Or the raceway groove of enterprises and institutions such as planning to build residential area, industrial and mineral, travelling scenery district, bridges and culverts, road, large stretch of basic farmland, economic forest is arranged in the development plan of small towns, or other needs the raceway groove of guard key etc.
Concrete investigation embodiment:
At first carry out following preliminary work:
1, situation about providing according to township, the village relevant personnel is determined mountain region disaster basin and the survey area, explosive area that should investigate.
2, collect interrelated data, as following data:
The township of the plan of 1:1 ten thousand, 1:2.5 ten thousand investigation in the recent period topomap; The topomap of the 1:2500 of object of protection and near zone; The topomap of the 1:50000 in plan investigation county etc.;
The technical information of large scale (1:1 ten thousand-1:2 ten thousand) boat sheet is taken the photograph table, mosaic map mosaic etc. as boat in the recent period;
Recent administrative area figure, geologic map, pedological map, forest resourceies present situation figure, land-use map etc.;
Geology, landforms, meteorology (in day, the time, maximum rainfall data since the historical records), the hydrology (hydrologic manual), and the interrelated data of soil, vegetation etc.;
Historical disaster record and achievement in research of the prior art etc.
3, the preparation of investigation instrument and apparatus:
Instrument of surveying and mapping: telescope, stadia rod, line rod, box compass, tape measure, lining rope, steel tape, planimeter (or dot grid), drawing appliance, gradiometer, computational tool etc., and other investigation articles for use such as register, growth cone, photo folder, writing implement, report paper, coordinate paper;
4, investigation form establishment (amounting to 11 kinds of investigation forms):
Mountain region disaster type questionnaire; the silt balance sheet; alluviation circular cone questionnaire; hillside stability index questionnaire; straight raceway groove object of protection place conveyance capacity questionnaire; meander channel object of protection place conveyance capacity questionnaire; explosive area potential hazard object questionnaire; complete each bar mountain region disaster of township and explosive area situation statistical form; full township's mountain region disaster type and explosive area investigation statistics table; each villages (towns) mountain region disaster type of the whole county and explosive area situation statistical form; the whole county (district) mountain region disaster type and explosive area statistical form etc.; one or more in the form in above-mentioned 11 can be worked out as required, some other form can also be worked out.
Concrete investigation may further comprise the steps:
At first, go up and determine hundred-metre pile position and numbering at field investigation figure (the plan investigation township topomap of 1:1 ten thousand), beginning pile No. from the exit or entrance of a clitch is 1, number consecutively.And the shop drawing (1:2500 morphologic region) of preparation protection object and near zone.
Then, the relevant photo information of mountain region disaster is investigated in analysis and research, comprises the data of aspects such as geology, soil, vegetation, hydrometeorology, soil utilization.And visit local resident and the disaster scenarios it of cadre about taking place in history.
Afterwards, lead down guide, along ditch and on, carry out the position and the quantity surveying in silt source, draw the silt state diagram, and carry out the landslide hazard sex investigation.
At last, draw that raceway groove silt stops long-pending district and dangerous block plan is bored in alluviation garden, the exit or entrance of a clitch.And determine the mountain region disaster type by raceway groove mountain region disaster type investigation method.
Concrete investigation content can comprise to mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance investigation, to the investigation of mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard, to one or multinomial of the investigation of mountain region disaster classification etc., can also investigate other project according to local circumstance.At last, can draw the mountain region disaster danger zone mapping, be described respectively below according to the result of investigation:
Mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance is investigated:
The purpose of investigation is: find out domatic and raceway groove landwaste and silt distributing position and quantity in the basin, as identifying mountain region disaster type and the foundation of drawing dangerous diagram.
Concrete investigation method is:
At first, carry out following preliminary work: collect, analyze interrelated datas such as geology, soil, vegetation, soil utilization; Make the ten thousand/shop drawing that indicates the hundred-metre pile position; The preparation of necessary instrument etc.
Then, carry out field study: the investigation of silt balance is carried out downwards from the ditch top; With Gou Ding top and hillside, both sides, and the potential sediment yield in the raceway groove tap drain Zhigou and may deposition the investigation structure insert the silt balance sheet, as the foundation of drawing the silt state diagram.
Afterwards, industry is calculated and drawing in carrying out: after the arrangement of field investigation table, be that the silt state diagram is drawn in the unit with the mountain region disaster.
Arrangement and examination to the investigation achievement:
With the mountain region disaster is that the unit gathers following form and map:
Mountain region disaster silt balance sheet and accompanying drawing; Landslide, mountain region disaster basin and annex; Raceway groove silt, stop long-pending district or dangerous index investigation and accompanying drawing are bored in raceway groove alluviation garden.
With the villages (towns) is that mountain region disaster dangerous diagram (indicating landslide, mountain torrents and rubble flow danger position and grade) is drawn by unit.
Dangerous diagram and explosive area figure instructions (comprising basic condition, the explanation of mountain region disaster classification results, SURVEYING OF LANDSLIDE presentation of results, the dangerous explanation of mountain torrents rubble flow etc.).
Investigation to mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard:
The purpose of investigation is: find out that classify, the foundation of drafting dangerous diagram as drawing by silt state diagram and mountain region disaster with potential sediment yield for the position, landslide in the basin in.
Concrete investigation methods is:
Can adopt hillside comprehensive stability index that mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard is evaluated, the method for concrete evaluation can be marked according to the hillside stability index, can at first mark to following one or more indexs:
The scoring of soil type index:
A. residual soil: be the proluvium (6 minutes) that muddy limestone, phyllite, shale or crystalline schist generate
B. residual soil: be gneiss, grouan or quartzitic proluvium (5 minutes)
C. residual soil: be the proluvium (4 minutes) of pierite or ls
D. scree is piled and rockfall thing (middle grain) (3 minutes)
E. compact gravel (2 minutes)
F. rockfall thing (coarse grain) (1 minute)
The scoring of domatic thickness of soil (m) index:
A.〉10m (6 minutes)
B.5～10m (5 minutes)
C.3～5m (4 minutes)
D.1～3m (3 minutes)
E.0.6～1m (2 minutes)
F.＜0.5m (1 minute)
Domatic soil particle grating scoring:
A. silty sand content (＜0.06mm) 40% (12 minutes)
B. silty sand content 30%～40% (10 minutes)
C. silty sand content 20%～30% (8 minutes)
D. silty sand content 10%～20% (6 minutes)
E. silty sand content is very little, based on gravel (4 minutes)
F. silty sand content is very little, based on chad and dog's-head (2 minutes)
Domatic water status scoring:
A. domatic have stable water to flow out, and may produce concentrated spill stream (6 minutes)
B. investigate domatic top humid region in blocks (5 minutes) is arranged
C. domatic have periodic water to flow out, but can not produce the spill stream of concentrating (3 minutes)
D. domatic do not have water to flow out (1 minute)
Investigate domatic height, and mark from local base level of erosion (bottom of trench):
A.10～50m (6 minutes)
B.50～100m (5 minutes)
C.100～150m (4 minutes)
D.150～200m (3 minutes)
E.200～250m (2 minutes)
F.〉250m (1 minute)
Investigate the domatic gradient, and mark:
A.40 °～45 ° (12 minutes)
B.35 °～40 ° (10 minutes)
C.30 °～35 ° (8 minutes)
D.25 °～30 °, 45 °～50 ° (6 minutes)
E.20 °～25 °, 50 ° (4 minutes)
F.＜20 ° (2 minutes)
Investigate domatic state of ground, and mark:
A. longitudinal profile (domatic vergence direction) has suitable cutting (6 minutes)
B. the longitudinal profile cutting is slight, the cutting (5 minutes) that the transverse section is suitable
C. the transverse section has cutting (4 minutes) slightly
D. there is suitable cutting (3 minutes) transverse section
E. transverse section cutting slight (2 minutes)
F. domatic (1 minute) of not having any cutting
Investigate the situation of domatic existing landslide wriggling, and mark:
A. slump, the deep layer fragmental products slides, the degree of depth〉2m, area〉500m2 (6 minutes)
B. slump, the fragmental products deep layer is slided, the degree of depth〉2m, area＜500m2, top layer creep (5 minutes)
C. slump, fragmental products slides, the degree of depth＜2m, area＜500m2 (4 minutes)
D. mountain peeling, area are 100～200m2, top layer creep (3 minutes)
E. mountain peeling, area＜100m2 (2 minutes)
F. fricton-tight body, no creep (1 minute)
Investigate probable maximum precipitation in local 1 day, and mark:
A.〉200mm (12 minutes)
B.150～200mm (10 minutes)
C.100～150mm (8 minutes)
D.50～100mm (4 minutes)
E.＜50mm (2 minutes)
Then, according to the score calculation comprehensive stability sex index of above each index: comprehensive stability sex index=every index score summation/project sum; Comprehensive stability sex index when the hillside〉4 the time, be the hillside instability; When comprehensive stability sex index＜4, for the hillside stable.
Can gather above investigation achievement, and the landslide hazard sex inventory is inserted in the scoring of projects, and result of calculation is indicated on ten thousand/topomap.
Investigation to the mountain region disaster classification:
The purpose of investigation is to find out the mountain region disaster type, for mountain area construction and control mountain torrents mud-stone flow disaster, draw explosive area figure foundation is provided.
Concrete investigation methods is:
The present invention with reference to prior art, is divided into 4 classes with mountain region disaster according to existing achievement in research: the rubble flow mountain region disaster that impulsive force is strong; The rubble flow mountain region disaster; Height contains husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster; General mountain torrents mountain region disaster.
According to the classification of above mountain region disaster, investigate influencing mountain region disaster each index of classifying, specifically have:
Rubble flow and flood damage:
A. investigate in the mountain region disaster raceway groove and the destruction of especially severe is arranged buildings such as house, place, the exit or entrance of a clitch and be seriously damaged (sharp trace is arranged) bored in casualties or uninhabited alluviation garden within doors.(4 minutes)
B. investigate and have only property loss in the mountain region disaster, no havoc (as building construction).(3 minutes)
C. investigating the interior new building of mountain region disaster is seriously damaged.(2 minutes)
D. investigate property loss in the mountain region disaster, no havoc.(1 minute)
Probable maximum precipitation amount on the one:
A.〉200mm/d, or raininess〉2mm/min, more than the lasting 1h.(4 minutes)
B.150～and 200mm/d, or raininess is at 1.5～2.0mm/min, more than the lasting 1h.(3 minutes)
C.100～and 150mm/d, or raininess is at 1～1.5mm/min, more than the lasting 1h.(2 minutes)
D.＜and 100mm/d, or raininess is lower than 1mm/min, more than the lasting 11h.(1 minute)
Possibility sediment yield in the mountain region disaster:
A. a large amount of grit extends to raceway groove top, raceway groove vertical section mean inclination from the raceway groove outlet always〉20%.Or possibility sediment yield〉100000m
3. do not have exposed bedrock, the transversal section is triangular in shape, and the section is narrower.(4 minutes)
B. there are a large amount of grit amounts to be deposited on the first half in the raceway groove, though the steep raceway groove of bottom of trench longitudinal gradient is not too narrow near the mountain valley.May sediment yield be 10000-100000m perhaps
3(3 minutes)
C. the raceway groove first half has the grit deposition, and raceway groove middle part depositional area is bigger.May sediment yield be 1000-10000m perhaps
3(2 minutes)
D. the grit major sedimentary is at the awl place, alluviation garden at the exit or entrance of a clitch.May sediment yield be 1000m perhaps
3Below.(1 minute)
The possibility that results in blockage by mountain region disaster wood in the raceway groove:
A. naughty because of dashing of ditch bank, landslide may place raceway groove with a certain amount of big tree, or raceway groove flexibility K〉2.0.(4 minutes)
B. have only a spot of big tree might place raceway groove, or 1.5＜K＜2.0.(3 minutes)
C. have only rhizome or short mountain region disaster wood might place raceway groove, or 1.0＜K＜1.5.(2 minutes)
D. have only the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground might place raceway groove less than relieving summer heat of 12cm, or K-1.0.(1 minute)
In the following formula: K is raceway groove flexibility (K=L/D, L are that raceway groove arc length, D are the raceway groove chord length).
The water permeability (according to hydrogeological parameter, carry out grade scoring, should consider effective number percent of all kinds of areas) of soil and rock in the mountain region disaster:
A. the bulk basement rock or the argillo calcareous slabstone layer that do not have the water-borne sediments to cover, or surface layer is that particulate is main sticking earth one sandstone surface.(4 minutes)
B. the severely-weathered basement rock of stack seldom, the rock stratum be the sticky sand and the clay of accumulation all the year round for precipitous shale, argillo calcareous or the top layer that tilt.(3 minutes)
C. fractured rock or sand, gravel do not have clay, the water permeability of moderate.(2 minutes)
D. strong fragmented rock has the rock (Karst or gravel, cobble) in seepage cave, does not have plasma, has very strong water permeability.(1 minute)
Then, to influencing the classify investigation of each index of mountain region disaster, calculate mountain region disaster classification aggregative index: mountain region disaster classification aggregative index=projects score summation/item number according to above.
Afterwards, according to mountain region disaster classification aggregative index to mountain region disaster classification judge:
Aggregative index〉2.7, be the strong rubble flow mountain region disaster of impulsive force; Aggregative index is 2.4～2.7, is the rubble flow mountain region disaster; Aggregative index is 1.9～2.4, for height contains husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster; Aggregative index＜1.9 are general mountain torrents mountain region disaster
In above-mentioned judgement, if the possibility that is resulted in blockage by mountain region disaster wood in raceway groove scoring is 1 minute, though aggregative index〉2.7, still can be judged to be the mountain torrents mountain region disaster.
Can gather above investigation achievement, and the investigation achievement and the scoring of projects are inserted in the mountain region disaster Classification Count table.
The mountain region disaster danger zone mapping comprises to waste danger zone mapping with alluviation circular cone with to there not being the mountain region disaster danger zone mapping of alluviation circular cone:
Method to waste danger zone mapping with alluviation circular cone is:
According to topomap and landform on the spot, landforms, the floodmark position, obviously atural object contrasts, on the alluviation circular cone, select some positions, adopt explosive area division index to carry out danger differentiation to each point, adopt isoline method to mark off " red color area ", " yellow region ", " white area " on the alluviation circular cone then.
At first, the index of each dangerous index that the investigation explosive area is divided, specifically following index is investigated:
The stone maximum volume of going out around the points for investigation on the alluviation circular cone:
A, stone volume 〉=1m
3(4 minutes)
B, 0.2m3≤stone volume＜1.0m
3(3 minutes)
C, 0.01m3≤stone volume＜0.2m
3(2 minutes)
D, stone volume＜0.01m
3(1 minute)
The maximum ga(u)ge of identifiable single alluvial:
On the alluviation conical profile around the points for investigation, can separate each different sediment deposit by the difference of humus layer or alluvial structure, and the thickness of investigation sediment deposit:
A, maximum ga(u)ge 〉=1m (4 minutes)
B, 0.5m≤maximum ga(u)ge＜1m (3 minutes)
C, 0.1m≤maximum ga(u)ge＜0.5m (2 minutes)
D, maximum ga(u)ge＜0.1m (1 minute)
The surface gradient of alluviation circular cone around the points for investigation:
A, the gradient 〉=15% (8.5 °) (4 minutes)
B, 7% (4 °)≤gradient＜15% (3 minutes)
C, 2% (1.1 °)≤gradient＜7% (2 minutes)
D, the gradient＜2% (1 minute)
Dominant plant situation around the points for investigation:
A, below the height above sea level 800m, the pionner arbor is plants such as the twigs of the chaste tree based on Juglans mandshurica, shrub, more than the height above sea level 800m, the pionner arbor with Juglans mandshurica, birch, aspen, shrub based on plants such as locust hired thug, shrub lespedeza, meadow sweets.(4 minutes)
B, there is the high forest of different age to occur.(3 minutes)
Preponderate on area in c, grassland, the farmland by stone walling stone rank separately.(2 minutes)
Preponderating on area in d, farmland, does not have stone rank stone walling in the farmland.(1 minute)
Erosion condition around the points for investigation:
A, be in and have in the groove that big erratic boulder stays, or have boulder to stay.(4 minutes)
B, be in gravel on alluviation circular cone diffusion point.(3 minutes)
C, be on the other tableland of alluvial cone coombe, have only lower exit to be stopped up, just can be subjected to the influence of mountain torrents rubble flow.(2 minutes)
D, can not be subjected to the impact of mountain torrents rubble flow, lower exit can not stop up.(1 minute)
The situation that the runoff restraining mass is arranged around the points for investigation:
A, impact the buildings that serious obstruction runoff is arranged on the circular cone, as the bridge of little span, the culvert that diameter is little, dykes and dams, other landform that blocks water (narrow section, fall of channel less than 3%, mad narrow sharp turn section).(4 minutes)
B, above condition just have megalith and mountain region disaster wood to stop up on mountain region disaster exit or circular cone with a and the possibility of bursting are arranged.(3 minutes)
C, do not stop the buildings of current, the raceway groove of mild incision is arranged, may cause and flood converging a mouthful place.
(2 minutes)
D, downstream have the transporting engineering can be by design flood, and mountain torrents or rubble flow can flow into downstream river course swimmingly.
(1 minute)
Then, divide aggregative index according to the explosive area is calculated in the investigation of above each dangerous index: aggregative index=projects score summation/item number is divided in the points for investigation explosive area.
Afterwards, dividing aggregative index according to the points for investigation explosive area divides the points for investigation explosive area:
Aggregative index is divided in the explosive area〉2.6, belong to red color area, " forbidding building area ".
It is that 1.6-2.6 belongs to yellow region that aggregative index is divided in the explosive area, " restriction or reinforcing building area ".
Aggregative index＜1.6 genus blastomyces districts, " place of safety " are divided in the explosive area.
During the process of the investigation, when alluvial cone is suffered partial destruction, should be according to the explosive area type under raceway groove situation (stop up, deposit) the analysis-by-synthesis protection object.
When not having the mountain region disaster danger zone mapping of alluviation circular cone, at first can divide the mountain region disaster explosive area that does not have the alluviation circular cone, can divide according to following method:
At first, judge the mountain region disaster type;
Then, calculate the maximum crest discharge at protection object place, the section conveyance capacity at protection object place etc., concrete Calculation Method is:
Maximum clear water crest discharge formula is: Q=2 α N
aF
b
In the formula: Q-clear water crest discharge (m
3); The N-reoccurrence period (year), when determining the red color area scope, N=50, N=100 when determining the yellow region scope; Drainage area (the km that F-protection object place is above
2); A, b-coefficient, dissimilar districts value difference can be looked into " hydrologic manual "; α-coefficient, drainage area＜10km
2The time, α=1.10, otherwise, α=1.0.
Maximum muddy water crest discharge formula: Qc=η Q;
In the formula, η-comprehensive mountain region disaster index is decided by mountain region disaster type and raceway groove flexibility, and concrete value is as shown in table 1:
The comprehensive mountain region disaster index table of table 1, in the table, raceway groove camber K value computing formula is K=L/D:
Calculate the section conveyance capacity at protection object place:
The flow velocity of section part is: V=(M/ α) R
(2/3)J
(1/10)
In the formula, the mountain torrents resistance coefficient
Ro-flood unit weight, general mountain torrents are 1.1T/M
3, it is 1.3T/M that height contains husky mountain torrents
3, rubble flow is 1.5-1.8T/M
3The rw-water capacity is heavy, 1.0T/M
3R ω-grit unit weight, 2.85T/M
3R-hydraulic radius=water-carrying section/wetted perimeter; The J-hydraulic gradient is generally got the bottom of trench top rake; M-riverbed external resistance coefficient, concrete value is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 riverbed external resistance coefficient M value table
The conveyance capacity of section is: Q=A * V;
In the formula, the discharge section area (m of A-protection object place
2); V-protection object place water-carrying section mean flow rate (m/s).
Afterwards, according to above-mentioned calculating, determine the explosive area and the scope thereof at protection object place:
For straight raceway groove:
If the conveyance capacity Q of protection object place is a red color area less than the muddy water crest discharge of 50 years one chances herein;
If the conveyance capacity Q of protection object place is greater than the muddy water crest discharge of meeting in 50 years, and, be yellow region less than the muddy water crest discharge of meeting in 100 years herein;
If the conveyance capacity Q of protection object place is a white area greater than the muddy water crest discharge of 100 years one chances herein.
For meander channel:
At first will determine the scope of flooding, concrete grammar is:
At first, tentative calculation goes out the deep line Peak Flow Rate V of raceway groove protection object place according to the muddy water crest discharge
Max,
V
2 max＝2V/[1+(r-w)/r]
In the formula, V-protection object place water-carrying section mean flow rate (m/s); R-bend curvature of centre radius (m); W-section width (m).
Then, calculate outer arc surface superelevation S,
S＝V
max×β×W/(g×r)
In the formula, V
Max-bend stream central line Peak Flow Rate (m/s); G-acceleration of gravity; R-bend center radius (m); W-section width (m); β-coefficient, general mountain torrents β=2, height contain husky mountain torrents β=1.5, rubble flow β=1.0.
Afterwards, determine the scope of flooding according to the value of S, as shown in Figure 1, horizontal line is straight raceway groove water surface curve among the figure, and oblique line is following to be the flooding area of meander channel.
Determine protection object zone of living in:
When object of protection is positioned at 50 years one chance muddy water crest discharge flooding area, this district's genus red color area; Meet muddy water crest discharge flooding area when object of protection is positioned at 50-100 one, this district is yellow region; Otherwise, be white area (place of safety).
The present invention is to mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance, mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard and mountain region disaster Classification Count, and with the mountain region disaster classifying and dividing is: the rubble flow mountain region disaster that impulsive force is strong, rubble flow mountain region disaster, height contain husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster, general mountain torrents mountain region disaster.Investigation method is simple, the classification science, can react the distribution in mountain region disaster explosive area simply, exactly.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of mountain region disaster explosive area investigation and sorting technique is characterized in that, comprise one in the following project in mountain region disaster explosive area or multinomial the investigation:
To the investigation of mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance, to the investigation of mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard, to the mountain region disaster Classification Count;
Described mountain region disaster classification comprises: the rubble flow mountain region disaster that impulsive force is strong, rubble flow mountain region disaster, height contain husky mountain torrents mountain region disaster, general mountain torrents mountain region disaster.
2, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 1 and sorting technique is characterized in that, described investigation comprises following investigation to mountain region disaster watershed sediment balance:
Domatic or raceway groove landwaste in the described mountain region disaster basin, the distributing position and the quantity of silt, the potential sediment yield in the described domatic or raceway groove and may deposition.
3, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 1 and sorting technique is characterized in that described investigation to mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard comprises:
At first, one in the domatic following index in the described mountain region disaster basin or many index are investigated: the situation of soil type index, domatic thickness of soil, domatic soil particle grating, domatic water status, domatic height, the domatic gradient, domatic state of ground, domatic existing landslide wriggling, probable maximum precipitation in local a day apart from local base level of erosion;
Then, the weighted mean value of every index of being investigated as the domatic comprehensive stability sex index in the described mountain region disaster basin, and is judged described mountain region disaster basin landslide hazard according to this index.
4, investigation of mountain region disaster according to claim 1 explosive area and sorting technique is characterized in that, described the mountain region disaster Classification Count are comprised:
At first, one in the following index of the domatic or raceway groove in the described mountain region disaster basin or many index are investigated: rubble flow and flood damage, probable maximum precipitation amount on the one, may produce the sand amount, the water permeability of the possibility, soil and the rock that result in blockage by mountain region disaster wood;
Then, with the weighted mean value of every index of being investigated total score class index, and described mountain region disaster classification is judged according to this index as the domatic or raceway groove in the described mountain region disaster basin.
5, investigation of mountain region disaster according to claim 1 explosive area and sorting technique is characterized in that, comprise that also alluviation circular cone to the exit or entrance of a clitch in described mountain region disaster explosive area carries out the explosive area and divides, and specifically comprise:
At first, on described alluviation circular cone, select one or more points for investigation, and one in the following index around the described points for investigation or many index are investigated: maximum ga(u)ge, surface gradient, dominant plant situation, the erosion condition of the maximum volume of the stone of going out, the alluvial of identifiable individual layer, the situation of runoff restraining mass is arranged;
Then, with the weighted mean value of every index of being investigated explosive area aggregative index, and according to this index described alluviation circular cone is carried out the explosive area and divide as described alluviation circular cone.
6, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 1 and sorting technique is characterized in that, comprise that also the raceway groove to described mountain region disaster explosive area carries out the explosive area division, specifically comprise:
At first, get a plurality of points for investigation, and investigate the maximum crest discharge and the section conveyance capacity of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place along described raceway groove;
Then, according to described section conveyance capacity and the maximum crest discharge of different periods of history described raceway groove is carried out the explosive area division.
7, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 6 and sorting technique is characterized in that described maximum crest discharge calculates by following formula:
Maximum clear water crest discharge formula: Q=2 α N
aF
b,
In the formula: Q-clear water crest discharge; N-reappears the time limit; The drainage area that F-protection object place is above; A, b-coefficient; α-coefficient is as drainage area＜10km
2The time, α=1.10, otherwise, α=1.0;
Maximum muddy water crest discharge formula: Qc=η Q, in the formula, η-comprehensive mountain region disaster index, concrete value is as shown in the table, in the table, raceway groove camber K=L/D, L is that crooked arc length, the D of described raceway groove are the pairing chord length of L arc in the formula:
8, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 7 and sorting technique is characterized in that the computing method of the conveyance capacity of described section part are:
The flow velocity of described section part is: V=(M/ α) R
(2/3)J
(1/10),
In the formula,
, the mountain torrents resistance coefficient;
Ro-flood unit weight; Rw-clear water unit weight; R ω-grit unit weight; R-hydraulic radius=water-carrying section/wetted perimeter; The J-hydraulic gradient is got the bottom of trench top rake;
M-riverbed external resistance coefficient, concrete value is as shown in the table:
The conveyance capacity of described section part is: Q=A * V, and in the formula, the flow area of the described section part of A-.
9, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 8 and sorting technique is characterized in that, when described raceway groove is carried out the explosive area division, comprising:
If the conveyance capacity Q of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place is a red color area less than the muddy water crest discharge of 50 years one chances herein;
If the conveyance capacity Q of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place is greater than the muddy water crest discharge of meeting in 50 years, and, be yellow region less than the muddy water crest discharge of meeting in 100 years herein;
If the conveyance capacity Q of the raceway groove at described points for investigation place is a white area greater than the muddy water crest discharge of 100 years one chances herein;
Described red color area is for forbidding building area; Described yellow region is for restriction or reinforce building area; Described white area is the place of safety.
10, mountain region disaster explosive area investigation according to claim 9 and sorting technique is characterized in that, when described raceway groove is carried out the explosive area division, if described raceway groove is a meander channel, then at first determine the scope of flooding to comprise step:
At first, tentative calculation goes out the deep line Peak Flow Rate V of raceway groove protection object place according to the muddy water crest discharge
Max,
In the formula, V-protection object place water-carrying section mean flow rate; R-bend curvature of centre radius; The w-section width;
Then, calculate outer arc surface superelevation S,
S＝V
max×β×W/(g×r)
In the formula, V
Max-bend stream central line Peak Flow Rate; G-acceleration of gravity; R-bend center radius; The w-section width; β-coefficient, general mountain torrents β=2, height contain husky mountain torrents β=1.5, rubble flow β=1.0;
Then, determine the scope of flooding, and according to the described scope of flooding described raceway groove is carried out the explosive area and divide according to the value of S.
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