CN107476275A - A kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip and its application - Google Patents
A kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip and its application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip and its application, belong to landslide control engineering technical field, comprise the following steps：A, surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determine slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massuWith slip mass upper side gradient β；B, monitor rainfall, obtain rainfall last and average rainfall intensity；C, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide is calculated according to formula 1 by terrain factor and the rainfall factor；D, the warning grade of rock landslip is divided with the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide, when P >=1.85, possibility is high；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low.The orographic condition and condition of raining that the present invention is formed for rock landslip are furtherd investigate, and are established the early warning computation model of accurate rock landslip, are determined the warning level of rock landslip, greatly improve early warning accuracy and applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to landslide control engineering technical field, more particularly to a kind of pre- police of Based on Red Bed rock landslip
Method and its application.
Background technology
Red beds is clastic deposited sediments stratum of the outward appearance using red as dominant hue, and Based on Red Bed is landslide prone district, in rain
Numerous landslide disaster occurs for Ji Jingchang, and the rock landslip natural calamity that to be even more one of which can not be ignored.
Rock landslip is a kind of generation in mountain area or the natural phenomena of slope of highway.After rock landslip occurs, slip is produced
Rock mass and its upper face soil body moves under hillside or roadside, become silted up and bury and the residenter house near impact, factory etc. build
Facility, highway etc., cause greatly to destroy.
Rock landslip generally requires possess three conditions：One is advantageous for occurring the landform bar of rock landslip
Part；The second is there is weak structural face in rock stratum, such as the siltized intercalation in sand-mud interbed；The third is abundant rainfall is entered by crack
Enter weak structural face；These condition combined influences simultaneously determine the stability of slopes, after three conditions possess, final induced landslide
Occur.Wherein, orographic condition includes to the influence factor of rock landslip：It is steep on the upside of the ramp slope and slip mass of potential slip mass
Hillside fields shape.
At present, the research to the formation condition that comes down focuses primarily upon the research of the domatic gradient, is to its distribution rule
Simple data statistics, do not further investigate its inherent mechanism, achievement in research is difficult to other regions.Except the domatic gradient pair
Outside the influence of shallow failure, influence of the factor such as upstream, the left and right sides and downstream of shallow failure sensitizing range to shallow failure
There is a small amount of research, but be mostly focused on qualitative research and describe the influence of single factors, few quantitative computational methods, such as examine
Consider the computation model of upstream.For slide prediction research mainly by statistical method, regression analysis Early-warning Model and its critical value,
But this method is only capable of forecasting model being used for the region, it is impossible to be used in other regions, early warning can not be carried out for non-avaible region.
Publication No. CN 106841570A, publication date are that the Chinese patent literature of on 06 13rd, 2017 discloses one kind
The red beds rock landslip deformation evolution stage recognition methods of river east, it is characterised in that including：Step 1, the pregnant calamity in enumeration district is determined
Background condition, Geological Hazards problem and controlled factordisease；Step 2, the typical case investigation in area by inquiry, it is determined that
The deformation evolution stage of large-scale, super-huge concordant rock landslip in enumeration district and the identification mark in each deformation evolution stage
Will feature；Step 3, high-precision remote Sensing Interpretation data and the DEM established in enumeration district；Step 4, according to the remote Sensing Interpretation data
And DEM interprets the geological environments such as material composition in the enumeration district, geological structure, slope landforms；Step 5, according to the knowledge
The interpretation result of other flag sign and the step 4, the preliminary hidden danger slope prejudged in enumeration district；Step 6, using engineering geology
Analogy method is checked the hidden danger slope primarily determined that in step 5 by field ground investigation, to know to hidden danger slope
Not, Determination of the deformation stages and delineation.
Red beds rock landslip deformation evolution stage recognition methods in river east disclosed in the patent document, to landslide formation condition
Research focuses primarily upon the research of the domatic gradient, is only the simple data statistics to its distribution rule, does not further investigate
Its inherent mechanism, the early warning accuracy that comes down and applicability are all poor.
The content of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art the defects of, there is provided a kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip and
It is applied, and the orographic condition and condition of raining that the present invention is formed for rock landslip are furtherd investigate, and establish accurate rock
The early warning computation model on matter landslide, makes comprehensive descision for rock landslip, determines the warning level of rock landslip, pole
Big improves early warning accuracy and applicability.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, the basic terrain data for determining slip mass, including slip mass gradient α are surveyed and drawn by field investigation, come down bulk area
A, slip mass upside area AuWith slip mass upper side gradient β；
B, monitor rainfall, obtain rainfall last and average rainfall intensity；
C, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide is calculated according to formula 1 by terrain factor and the rainfall factor；
P=TR0.67Formula 1
Wherein, P is early warning Assessing parameters, and T is terrain factor, and R is the rainfall factor；
D, the warning grade of rock landslip is divided with the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide, when P >=1.85, possibility
Height, it is red early warning grade, sends red early warning signal；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium, is orange warning grade,
Send orange warning signal；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade, sends green safe signal.
In the step c, terrain factor T is calculated according to formula 2 and obtained；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formulas 2
Wherein, α is the slip mass gradient, and U is upper steep terrain factor.
The upper steep terrain factor U calculates according to formula 3 to be obtained；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formulas 3
Wherein, AuFor area on the upside of slip mass, A is landslide bulk area, and β is the slip mass upper side gradient.
In the step c, rainfall factor R is calculated according to formula 4 and obtained；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.85Formula 4
Wherein, I is average rainfall intensity, I0For local 1 hour maximum rainfall average, checked in by local hydrologic manual, D
For rainfall duration, D0For the unit time.
The present invention, suitable for the early warning of the Based on Red Bed rock landslip of 0 °≤α≤40 ° of the slip mass gradient.
Further, it is of the invention, suitable for 0 °≤β≤80 ° of the slip mass upper side gradient Based on Red Bed rock landslip it is pre-
It is alert.
The general principle of the present invention is as follows：
Upper steep lower slow landform is advantageous to rainwater and enters potential slip mass by slip mass top crack, and then causes rock stratum
The gradual saturation of Weak face simultaneously softens, and shearing strength is gradually reduced, and Weak face failure by shear locally occurs and produces shear crack, rain
Water, which constantly enters these cracks, makes its full water, and pore water pressure increases to form excess pore water pressure, and shear crack gradually extends company
Logical to form shear surface, weak surface intensity further reduces, and ultimately results in the local soil body because shear surface shearing strength is less than shear stress
And glided along slip band.Downside free face is usually that slip mass cuts outlet port, and rain penetration enters the soil body lower formation along slope
It is more easy to penetrate at free face after shear surface and oozes out, and then causes slopes to glide.Therefore, slip mass gradient α, upper side gradient β,
Downside free face etc. can all play a role in landslide, especially maximum with slip mass gradient α influence.Formula 2 by slip mass gradient α and
Upper steep orographic condition is fully incorporated in together, synthetically considers the effect of orographic factor, it is mutual to embody each factor of influence
Relation and importance.
Rainfall is the risk factor on landslide, and the long period causes rainwater to enter sliding surface, and softens the slip of weathering
Face, reduces the intensity and frictional force of sliding surface, and resistance is reduced for the slip on landslide；Larger average rainfall intensity I to slide
The trailing edge crack water level of slopes rises, and has larger hydrostatic pressure, power is provided for the slip on landslide；Local 1 hour maximum
Rainfall average I0The characteristics of rainfall of different zones is represented, introduces the 1 hour maximum rainfall average I in locality0Can farthest it reduce
The difference of regional rainfall, enables forecasting procedure to be used for regional.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in following aspect：
First, it is of the invention, internal mechanism research is carried out to landslide occurrence degree by studying orographic factor, with establishing red beds
The terrain factor of area's rock landslip；Internal mechanism research is carried out to landslide occurrence degree by studying rain factor, established red
The rainfall factor of the regional rock landslip of layer；The landform and rainfall influence factor of Based on Red Bed rock landslip are finally taken into full account, with
Quantitative mode accurately divides landslide possibility occurrence；For prior art, the early warning accuracy that not only comes down is high, and shortens
In the early warning reaction time, due to terrain factor T, rainfall factor R is dimensionless group, in Based on Red Bed, various rock landslips
Under the conditions of can use, greatly improve applicability.
2nd, it is of the invention, suitable for the early warning of the Based on Red Bed rock landslip of 0 °≤α≤40 ° of the slip mass gradient, pass through measurement
Slip mass gradient α, and the value tan (α) of the gradient is calculated, it is the main terrain factor that potential landslide is formed, when slip mass slope
When spending 0 °≤α≤40 °, be easy to it is stable and accurate mark off landslide warning grade, improve Disaster Defense Capability.
3rd, it is of the invention, suitable for the early warning of the Based on Red Bed rock landslip of 0 °≤β≤80 ° of the slip mass upper side gradient, lead to
Measurement slip mass gradient α and slip mass upper side gradient β, and the upper steep terrain factor U being calculated by formula 3 are crossed, due to
The effect of rainfall infiltration, water source being provided for landslide, upper steep terrain factor U is the secondary terrain factor that potential landslide is formed, when
During 0 °≤β≤80 °, and slip mass gradient α is combined, can more accurately divide landslide warning grade, improve landslide early warning quality.
4th, of the invention, by orographic condition and condition of raining, the effect of the two conditions, which is united, to be formed Based on Red Bed and lures
Send out rock landslip forecasting model, by calculated under existing orographic condition and condition of raining the region early warning differentiate because
Sub- P simultaneously carries out condition distinguishing, most can judge soon induce rock landslip possibility size region, compared with prior art for
Only for condition of raining consideration, not only the degree of accuracy is higher, and can make most fast reaction for the early warning on landslide, early warning spirit
Sensitivity is high, strong applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
5th, it is of the invention, condition distinguishing is carried out by the early warning Assessing parameters P that will be calculated, it is determined that landslide grade, concurrently
Go out corresponding pre-warning signal；As early warning Assessing parameters P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade, sends green peace
Full signal；As early warning 1.45≤P of Assessing parameters ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium, is orange warning grade, sends orange warning letter
Number；When early warning Assessing parameters P >=1.85, possibility is high, is red early warning grade, sends red early warning signal, early warning effect is straight
See clearly, early warning fineness is high, greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
6th, of the invention, gradient tan (α) is the main dynamics factors on landslide, and upper steep terrain factor U is due to rainfall infiltration
Effect, water source is provided for landslide, gentle slope can be promoted to form landslide；By the way that gradient tan (α), upper steep landform are calculated respectively
Factor U, and terrain factor T and rainfall factor R, and then the early warning Assessing parameters P drawn more meets induction rock landslip mechanism,
Landslide early warning reliability has been ensured, has improved landslide early warning quality and effect.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip, comprises the following steps：
A, the basic terrain data for determining slip mass, including slip mass gradient α are surveyed and drawn by field investigation, come down bulk area
A, slip mass upside area AuWith slip mass upper side gradient β；
B, monitor rainfall, obtain rainfall last and average rainfall intensity；
C, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide is calculated according to formula 1 by terrain factor and the rainfall factor；
P=TR0.67Formula 1
Wherein, P is early warning Assessing parameters, and T is terrain factor, and R is the rainfall factor；
D, the warning grade of rock landslip is divided with the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide, when P >=1.85, possibility
Height, it is red early warning grade, sends red early warning signal；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium, is orange warning grade,
Send orange warning signal；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade, sends green safe signal.
Internal mechanism research is carried out to landslide occurrence degree by studying orographic factor, establishes Based on Red Bed rock landslip
Terrain factor；Internal mechanism research is carried out to landslide occurrence degree by studying rain factor, establishes Based on Red Bed rock matter
The rainfall factor on landslide；The landform and rainfall influence factor of Based on Red Bed rock landslip are finally taken into full account, in a manner of quantitative
Accurate division landslide possibility occurrence；For prior art, the early warning accuracy that not only comes down is high, and shortens early warning reaction
Time, due to terrain factor T, rainfall factor R is dimensionless group, all may be used under the conditions of Based on Red Bed, various rock landslips
To use, applicability is greatly improved.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip, comprises the following steps：
A, the basic terrain data for determining slip mass, including slip mass gradient α are surveyed and drawn by field investigation, come down bulk area
A, slip mass upside area AuWith slip mass upper side gradient β；
B, monitor rainfall, obtain rainfall last and average rainfall intensity；
C, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide is calculated according to formula 1 by terrain factor and the rainfall factor；
P=TR0.67Formula 1
Wherein, P is early warning Assessing parameters, and T is terrain factor, and R is the rainfall factor；
D, the warning grade of rock landslip is divided with the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide, when P >=1.85, possibility
Height, it is red early warning grade, sends red early warning signal；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium, is orange warning grade,
Send orange warning signal；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade, sends green safe signal.
In the step c, terrain factor T is calculated according to formula 2 and obtained；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formulas 2
Wherein, α is the slip mass gradient, and U is upper steep terrain factor.
The upper steep terrain factor U calculates according to formula 3 to be obtained；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formulas 3
Wherein, AuFor area on the upside of slip mass, A is landslide bulk area, and β is the slip mass upper side gradient.
In the step c, rainfall factor R is calculated according to formula 4 and obtained；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.85Formula 4
Wherein, I is average rainfall intensity, I0For local 1 hour maximum rainfall average, checked in by local hydrologic manual, D
For rainfall duration, D0For the unit time.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip, comprises the following steps：
A, the basic terrain data for determining slip mass, including slip mass gradient α are surveyed and drawn by field investigation, come down bulk area
A, slip mass upside area AuWith slip mass upper side gradient β；
B, monitor rainfall, obtain rainfall last and average rainfall intensity；
C, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide is calculated according to formula 1 by terrain factor and the rainfall factor；
P=TR0.67Formula 1
Wherein, P is early warning Assessing parameters, and T is terrain factor, and R is the rainfall factor；
D, the warning grade of rock landslip is divided with the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide, when P >=1.85, possibility
Height, it is red early warning grade, sends red early warning signal；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium, is orange warning grade,
Send orange warning signal；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade, sends green safe signal.
In the step c, terrain factor T is calculated according to formula 2 and obtained；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formulas 2
Wherein, α is the slip mass gradient, and U is upper steep terrain factor.
The upper steep terrain factor U calculates according to formula 3 to be obtained；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formulas 3
Wherein, AuFor area on the upside of slip mass, A is landslide bulk area, and β is the slip mass upper side gradient.
In the step c, rainfall factor R is calculated according to formula 4 and obtained；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.85Formula 4
Wherein, I is average rainfall intensity, I0For local 1 hour maximum rainfall average, checked in by local hydrologic manual, D
For rainfall duration, D0For the unit time.
The present invention, suitable for the early warning of the Based on Red Bed rock landslip of 0 °≤α≤40 ° of the slip mass gradient.
Further, it is of the invention, suitable for 0 °≤β≤80 ° of the slip mass upper side gradient Based on Red Bed rock landslip it is pre-
It is alert.
By measuring slip mass gradient α, and the value tan (α) of the gradient is calculated, is the main landform that potential landslide is formed
The factor, when 0 °≤α≤40 ° of the slip mass gradient, be easy to it is stable and accurate mark off landslide warning grade, improve Disaster Defense Capability.
By measuring slip mass gradient α and slip mass upper side gradient β, and the upper steep landform being calculated by formula 3
Factor U, due to the effect of rainfall infiltration, water source is provided for landslide, upper steep terrain factor U is the secondary strategic point that potential landslide is formed
The shape factor, when 0 °≤β≤80 °, and slip mass gradient α is combined, can more accurately divide landslide warning grade, improve landslide
Early warning quality.
Sichuan Province Bazhong City Nanjiang County Dong Yupu towns rock landslip is analyzed using the present invention：
The rock matter in Sichuan Province Bazhong City Nanjiang County Dong Yupu towns belongs to typical beded rock mass, and the attitude of rocks is mostly gentle.
Choose at the region 34 on potential landslide, measure the slip mass gradient α of each zonule respectively first, then measure cell
Area A on the upside of the landslide bulk area A in domain, the slip mass upper side gradient β and slip mass of zonuleu；Using the method meter of interpolation
Rainfall duration D on each potential landslide and average rainfall intensity I are calculated, T is calculated by formula 2, formula 4 calculates R, is finally calculated by formula 1
Go out the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide.
Terrain factor T at 34, rainfall factor R, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide calculate and landslide possibility division table and
Landslide to actually occur situation as shown in table 1.
Table 1
According to the possibility criteria for classifying：When P >=1.85, possibility is high, is red early warning grade；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85,
Possibility is medium, is orange warning grade；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade.P values result of calculation in table 1
Display：At 34 in potential slip mass, at the high region 10 of possibility, at the medium region 15 of possibility, the low region 9 of possibility
Place.
Contrast actually occurs situation, and there occurs landslide (to be shown in Table 1 for high domatic all of all 10 possibilities：Numbering 1-4,6-
11 it is domatic)；Low domatic, all no generation landslide (being shown in Table 1) of 9 possibilities.As can be seen here, rock matter is slided using the present invention
The accuracy of the domatic possibility division in slope is higher.
Chongqing Fengjie County rock landslip is analyzed using the present invention：
The rock matter in Chongqing Fengjie county belongs to typical beded rock mass, and rock stratum production rock matter shape is mostly gentle.
Choose at the region 17 on potential landslide, measure the slip mass gradient α of each zonule respectively first, then measure cell
Area Au on the upside of the landslide bulk area A in domain, the slip mass upper side gradient β and slip mass of zonule；Using the method meter of interpolation
Rainfall duration D on each potential landslide and average rainfall intensity I are calculated, T is calculated by formula 2, formula 4 calculates R, is finally calculated by formula 1
Go out the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide.
Terrain factor T at 17, rainfall factor R, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide calculate and landslide possibility division table and
Landslide to actually occur situation as shown in table 2.
Table 2
According to the possibility criteria for classifying：When P >=1.85, possibility is high, is red early warning grade；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85,
Possibility is medium, is orange warning grade；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade.P values result of calculation in table 2
Display：At 17 in potential slip mass, at the high region 4 of possibility, at the medium region 1 of possibility, the low region 12 of possibility
Place.
Contrast actually occurs situation, and all there occurs landslide (being shown in Table 2) for high domatic of all 4 possibilities；12 possibilities
Low is domatic, has 11 all without coming down, but has one there occurs landslide (being shown in Table 2).As can be seen here, it is right using the present invention
The accuracy of the domatic possibility division of rock landslip is higher.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, the basic terrain data for determining slip mass, including slip mass gradient α are surveyed and drawn by field investigation, come down bulk area A, sliding
Area A on the upside of slopesuWith slip mass upper side gradient β；
B, monitor rainfall, obtain rainfall last and average rainfall intensity；
C, the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide is calculated according to formula 1 by terrain factor and the rainfall factor；
P=TR0.67Formula 1
Wherein, P is early warning Assessing parameters, and T is terrain factor, and R is the rainfall factor；
D, the warning grade of rock landslip is divided with the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide, when P >=1.85, possibility is high, is
Red early warning grade, send red early warning signal；As 1.45≤P ＜ 1.85, possibility is medium, is orange warning grade, sends
Orange warning signal；As P ＜ 1.45, possibility is low, is green warning grade, sends green safe signal.
A kind of 2. method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step c
In, terrain factor T is calculated according to formula 2 and obtained；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formulas 2
Wherein, α is the slip mass gradient, and U is upper steep terrain factor.
A kind of 3. method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described it is upper suddenly
Shape factor U is calculated according to formula 3 and obtained；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formulas 3
Wherein, AuFor area on the upside of slip mass, A is landslide bulk area, and β is the slip mass upper side gradient.
A kind of 4. method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step c
In, rainfall factor R is calculated according to formula 4 and obtained；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.85Formula 4
Wherein, I is average rainfall intensity, I0For local 1 hour maximum rainfall average, checked in by local hydrologic manual, D is drop
Rain lasts, D0For the unit time.
A kind of 5. application of the method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is applicable
In the early warning of the Based on Red Bed rock landslip of 0 °≤α≤40 ° of the slip mass gradient.
A kind of 6. application of the method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is applicable
In the early warning of the Based on Red Bed rock landslip of 0 °≤β≤80 ° of the slip mass upper side gradient.
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| CN108564771A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-09-21 | 江西省气象台 | Manually cut landslide method for early warning and the application on slope in Slate Area |
| CN110189506A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-30 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface and application |
| CN110189505A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-30 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of method for early warning of level rock sliding surface rock landslip and its application |
| CN110412241A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-11-05 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of weak intercalated layer sliding surface and its application |
| CN110766235A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-07 | 黄淮学院 | Mountain collapse prediction method and system |
| CN113848551A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-28 | 成都理工大学 | Landslide depth inversion method using InSAR lifting rail deformation data |
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