CN104805846B - The dangerous division methods of a kind of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and application - Google Patents
The dangerous division methods of a kind of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104805846B CN104805846B CN201510198764.0A CN201510198764A CN104805846B CN 104805846 B CN104805846 B CN 104805846B CN 201510198764 A CN201510198764 A CN 201510198764A CN 104805846 B CN104805846 B CN 104805846B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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Abstract
The invention discloses dangerous division methods and the application thereof of a kind of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope.The method determines the graphic data basically of slip mass by field investigation mapping, study the gradient and the top gradient and length, both sides side grade and width and the bottom gradient and the relation of length respectively, and by above-mentioned relation association study, in conjunction with each influence factor mechanism of action in landslide, finally establish the most accurate shallow top layer landslide o earth slope easily sends out computation model, determines that the dangerous of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope divides rank.Compared with prior art, the computation model of easily sending out that the present invention sets up considers the influence of topography factor of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope comprehensively, and divides Landslide hazard region in the way of quantitative accurately, and the method is applicable to various shallow top layers landslide o earth slope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the dangerous division methods of a kind of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope, and on shallow top layer
Application in landslide o earth slope diaster prevention and control engineering, belongs to preventing and treating landslide o earth slope field, shallow top layer.
Background technology
Shallow top layer landslide o earth slope is that a kind of generation is in mountain area or the natural phenomena of slope of highway.Shallow top layer
After landslide o earth slope occurs, the domatic soil body moves under hillside or roadside, becomes silted up and buries and impact neighbouring residence
The Architectural Equipments such as people's house, factory, or highway etc., cause destruction greatly.
Shallow top layer landslide o earth slope generally requires possesses three conditions: 1) be conducive to shallow-layer
The orographic condition of landslide o earth slope；2) sufficient soil body thing source, the loosest overlying soil；3) abundant
Rainfall infiltration enter the soil body the generation of final induced landslide.These condition combined influences also determine
The stability of the domatic soil body.Wherein, the influence factor of shallow-layer landslide o earth slope is included by orographic condition:
Gentle slope landform on the upside of the ramp slope of potential slip mass, slip mass (gentle slope, upside, i.e. upper slow lower steep),
Slip mass is clipped in the canyon topography in the middle of left and right, downside free face (downside heavy grade) landform.
At present, Chinese scholars focuses primarily upon slope to the research of the orographic condition of shallow failure formation
The research of the face gradient, is the statistics of the simple data to its distribution rule, does not further investigate it
Inherent mechanism (engineering geology journal, 2013,21:607-612；HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY science, 2014,32:
119-122；Mountain research, 2015,33:108-115；Rock-soil mechanics, 2006,27:1393-1397；
Rock-soil mechanics, 2007,28:2046-2010；Geological disaster is protected with environment, 2000,11:145-146；
Geographical information systems in assessing natural hazards,1995,
135-175；Toronto,1984,307-323；Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,
1993,18:579-591；The Netherlands.1995,93-106；Geomorphology,1998,
24:309-331.), achievement in research is difficult to other regions.Except the domatic gradient is to shallow failure
Impact outside, the factor such as the upstream of shallow failure sensitizing range, the left and right sides and downstream is sliding to shallow-layer
The impact on slope has a small amount of research, but is mostly focused on qualitative research and describes the impact of single factors,
Seldom have quantitative computational methods, as consider upstream computation model (Water resources research,
1994,4:1153-1171；Math Geol,1983,15:403-426；Processes Landforms,
1991,16:427-445.).The determination methods of these rough gradients above-mentioned and single orographic factor
Study the accuracy that top layer soil property Landslide hazard is judged poor.Shadow to shallow-layer landslide o earth slope
The factor of sound is comprehensively studied, and yet there are no report.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, for the deficiencies in the prior art, be formed for shallow top layer landslide o earth slope
Orographic condition (field investigation acquisition related data) is studied, and makes comprehensive descision.Research
Specifically include that the gradient of (1) shallow top layer landslide o earth slope is with the top gradient and length relation research:
In the case of both sides are identical with bottom condition, comparative study draws generation shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and not
There is the gradient of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and the top gradient and the relation of length:
T=tan (α)+1.8U；(2) gradient of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and both sides side grade and width
Relation research: in the case of top is identical with bottom condition, comparative study draws the shallow top layer of generation
Landslide o earth slope and the gradient of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and both sides side grade and the pass of width do not occur
System: T=tan (α)+0.8C；(3) gradient of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and the bottom gradient and length
Relation research: in the case of top is identical with both sides condition, comparative study draws the shallow top layer of generation
Landslide o earth slope and the gradient of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope and the bottom gradient and the relation of length: γ do not occur
＞ α and LdDuring >=0.5m, T=tan (α)+0.13；(4) gradient of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope with
The top gradient and the relation research of length, both sides side grade and width, the bottom gradient and length:
The research of above-mentioned several relationship is drawn the gradient and the top gradient and the length of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope
Degree, both sides side grade and width, the bottom gradient and the relation of length: T=tan (α)+G+t,
G=1.8U+0.8C.(5) combine each influence factor mechanism of action in landslide, finally build
That has found the most accurate shallow top layer landslide o earth slope easily sends out computation model, obtains terrain generalization Assessing parameters
T, determines that the dangerous of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope divides rank.
In sum, the dangerous division methods of a kind of shallow top layer of the present invention landslide o earth slope, bag
Include following steps:
(1) graphic data basically of slip mass is determined by field investigation mapping: the slip mass gradient
α, slip mass length L, slip mass width W, slip mass left and right sides hypsography gradient θ1、θ2
With corresponding width W1、W2, trailing edge gradient β and length L on the upside of slip massuAnd downside free face
Gradient γ and length Ld；
(2) the terrain generalization Assessing parameters T of slip mass is calculated: by the slip mass gradient, free face amount
Change value and upper slow, both sides multi-stress, calculate according to formula 1 and determine:
T=tan (α)+G+t formula 1
In formula:
T terrain generalization Assessing parameters,
The α slip mass gradient, 10 °≤α≤50 °,
T free face quantized value: γ ＞ α and LdDuring >=0.5m, t=0.13；Otherwise t=0,
Upper slow, the both sides multi-stress of G, calculates according to formula 2 and determines, G≤0.46, i.e. G
Maximum is 0.46,
G=1.8U+0.8C formula 2
In formula:
The upper slow terrain factor of U, calculates according to formula 3 and determines,
C both sides terrain factor, calculates according to formula 4 and determines,
U=tan (alpha-beta) * (Lu/ L) formula 3
C=tan (θ1)*(W1/W)+tan(θ2)*(W2/ W) formula 4
In formula:
The gradient of free face, (°) on the downside of γ slip mass
LdThe length of free face, (m) on the downside of slip mass
The trailing edge gradient on the upside of β slip mass, β ＜ α, (°)
LuTrailing edge length, (m) on the upside of slip mass
The length of L slip mass, (m)
θ1, θ2The slip mass left and right sides hypsography gradient, (°)
W1, W2Slip mass left and right sides hypsography width, (m)
W slip mass width, (m)
Wherein, θ is worked as1When≤0, take W1=0, work as θ2When≤0, take W2=0,
If β >=α, U value is 0；
(3) with danger to shallow top layer landslide o earth slope of the terrain generalization Assessing parameters T of slip mass
Grade divides: terrain generalization Assessing parameters T value can differentiate domatic danger, T effectively
Being worth the biggest, danger is the highest；On the contrary, T value is the least, and danger is the lowest: danger can divide 4
Individual grade: as T ＞ 0.9, danger is the highest；When 0.7 ＜ T≤0.9, dangerous medium；
When 0.5 ＜ T≤0.7, dangerous relatively low；When T≤0.5, or gradient α ＜ 10 °, or α ＞ 50 °
Time, danger is the lowest.
Shallow top layer landslide o earth slope occurs mainly on loose unconsolidated cohesive soil or sandy soil slope,
Slope body is loosely organized has the features such as bigger void ratio, water penetration are strong, and this type of landslide is due to slip mass
Loose, easily by Atmospheric precipitation and reservoir level cyclic effects, less stable.
The gradient is the main factor that impact landslide occurs, and the hillside gradient steep slow not only affects loose
The gathering of detrital material and distribution, and affect slope concentration condition, great majority landslide occurs
In the gradient of 20-40 °, the gradient is the most slow, and landslide is short of power, it is impossible to occur, and therefore 10 ° is minimum
The landslide gradient；The gradient is too steep, then soil layer cannot assemble enough thickness on domatic, does not the most slide
Slope occurs, and therefore 50 ° is the maximum landslide gradient.Under the most slow, steep landform is conducive to rain infiltration entrance latent
At slip mass, and then causing the soil body the most saturated and soften, matric suction and shearing strength gradually subtract
Little, there is failure by shear and produces shear crack in soil body local, and rainwater constantly penetrates into these cracks to be made
Its full water, pore water pressure increases and forms excess pore water pressure, and shear crack gradually extends connection shape
Becoming shear surface, soil strength reduces further, finally low because of shear surface shearing strength to the local soil body
Glide along slip band in shear stress；The existence of intermediate recess landform makes whole potential slip mass be in
Concave slope landform, slip mass surface is more conducive to collect more rainwater, beneficially slip mass unstability.Downside
Free face usually slip mass cuts exit position, and rain penetration enters the soil body lower formation shearing along slope
It is more easy to through at free face oozing out behind face, and then causes slope body to glide.Therefore the gradient, upside
Gentle slope, intermediate recess landform, downside free face landform etc. all can play a role in landslide, but slope
The impact of degree is maximum.The impact of downside free face is fixed value t=0.13.Formula 1 will
The gradient, upper slow orographic condition, both sides orographic condition and free face condition are fully incorporated in together,
Synthetically consider the effect of orographic factor, embody each factor of influence correlation and importance.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1) present invention by research landform because of
Element carries out internal mechanism research to landslide occurrence degree, establishes the Yi Faji of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope
Calculate model；2) consider the influence of topography factor of shallow top layer landslide o earth slope, essence in the way of quantitative comprehensively
Really divide Landslide hazard region；3) in formula 1, T, tan (α), G, t are dimensionless group,
Can use under the conditions of the landslide o earth slope of various shallow top layers, applicability is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is orographic factor schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the A-A ' generalized section of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the B-B ' generalized section of Fig. 1.
Small watershed shallow top layer, Da Yi town, Wangmo County, Tu4Shi Guizhou Province soil property Landslide hazard divides figure
(0.5 meter of contour).
Mark in accompanying drawing is respectively:
Ld: downside free face length；
Lu: trailing edge length on the upside of landslide；
The length of L: slip mass；
W1, W2: slip mass left and right sides hypsography width；
W: slip mass width；
γ: the downside free face gradient；
α: the slip mass gradient；
β: the trailing edge gradient on the upside of landslide；
θ1, θ2: the slip mass left and right sides hypsography gradient；
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
1:1000 topographic map such as Fig. 4 of the small watershed in Da Yi town, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province.The soil in this basin
Layer is colluvial deposit, is mainly derived from thick-layer siltstone and thin layers of mudstone.This area's average annual rainfall
Amount reaches for 1260mm, when there being bigger rainfall it may happen that landslide, shallow top layer.Use the present invention's
Formula carries out computation partition to this domatic danger in hillside, basin.
The domatic unit participating in calculating includes that region that the gradient chosen is bigger and terrain factor are bigger
Region 14 at.Orographic factor schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, measures each community the most respectively
Gradient α in territory, then measure length L of zonule, width W, upside (trailing edge) slope of zonule
Degree β and length Lu, left and right sides hypsography gradient θ of zonule1、θ2With corresponding width W1、
W2, formula 3 calculate U, formula 4 calculate C, calculate G further according to formula 2.
By gradient γ and length L of downside (free face)d, as γ ＞ α and LdDuring >=0.5m, t=0.13；No
Then t=0.Finally calculated terrain factor T by formula 1.The domatic orographic factor in hillside measured value at 14
And T value calculated case, grade of risk and landslide to actually occur situation as shown in table 1.
Table 1 hillside domatic orographic factor measured value, T value calculate and dangerous division table
According to the dangerous criteria for classifying: as T ＞ 0.9, danger is the highest；When 0.7 ＜ T≤0.9,
Dangerous medium；When 0.5 ＜ T≤0.7, dangerous relatively low；When T≤0.5, or gradient α ＜ 10 °,
Or during α ＞ 50 °, danger is the lowest.In table 1, T value result of calculation shows: potential slip mass at 14
In, at the highest dangerous region 6, at dangerous medium region 2, dangerous relatively low district
At territory 3, at the lowest dangerous region 3.In addition with at 4 during gradient α ＞ 50 °, also it is danger
The lowest dangerous region.
Contrast actually occurs situation, all 6 danger the highest domatic (be shown in Table 1: numbering 1,
2,3,4,5 and 10 domatic) all there occurs landslide；Medium domatic of 2 danger, one
The individual landslide (be shown in Table 1: numbering 6 domatic) that there occurs, one do not come down (be shown in Table 1:
Numbering 13 domatic)；3 danger relatively low (be shown in Table 1: numbering 8,9 and 11 domatic)
The lowest with 7 danger domatic (be shown in Table 1: numbering 7,12 and 14-18 domatic) does not all have
Come down.In sum, application the method for the invention is to the domatic danger of landslide o earth slope of shallow top layer
Property divide accuracy higher.
Claims (3)
1. the dangerous division methods of a shallow top layer landslide o earth slope, it is characterised in that the method is mainly wrapped
Include following steps:
(1) graphic data basically of slip mass is determined by field investigation mapping: slip mass gradient α, sliding
Slope body length L, slip mass width W, slip mass left and right sides hypsography gradient θ1、θ2
With corresponding width W1、W2, trailing edge gradient β and length L on the upside of slip massuAnd downside
Gradient γ of free face and length Ld；
(2) by the slip mass gradient, free face quantized value and upper slow, both sides multi-stress, according to formula 1
Calculating determines landform comprehensive distinguishing factor T:
T=tan (α)+G+t formula 1
In formula:
T terrain generalization Assessing parameters,
The α slip mass gradient,
T free face quantized value: γ ＞ α and LdDuring >=0.5m, t=0.13；Otherwise t=0,
Upper slow, the both sides multi-stress of G, calculates according to formula 2 and determines, G≤0.46,
G=1.8U+0.8C formula 2
In formula:
The upper slow terrain factor of U, calculates according to formula 3 and determines,
C both sides terrain factor, calculates according to formula 4 and determines,
U=tan (alpha-beta) * (Lu/ L) formula 3
C=tan (θ1)*(W1/W)+tan(θ2)*(W2/ W) formula 4
In formula:
The gradient of free face, (°) on the downside of γ slip mass
LdThe length of free face, (m) on the downside of slip mass
The trailing edge gradient on the upside of β slip mass, β ＜ α, (°)
LuTrailing edge length, (m) on the upside of slip mass
The length of L slip mass, (m)
θ1, θ2The slip mass left and right sides hypsography gradient, (°)
W1, W2Slip mass left and right sides hypsography width, (m)
W slip mass width, (m)
Wherein, θ is worked as1When≤0, take W1=0, work as θ2When≤0, take W2=0,
If β >=α, U value is 0；
(3) according to the landform comprehensive distinguishing factor T value domatic danger of differentiation: as T ＞ 0.9,
Danger is the highest；When 0.7 ＜ T≤0.9, dangerous medium；When 0.5 ＜ T≤0.7, danger
Dangerous relatively low；When T≤0.5, or gradient α ＜ 10 °, or during α ＞ 50 °, danger is the lowest.
The application of the dangerous division methods of shallow top layer the most as claimed in claim 1 landslide o earth slope, it is special
Levy and be, it is adaptable to the risk regionalization of shallow top layer soil property Landslide Hazards.
The application of the dangerous division methods of shallow top layer the most as claimed in claim 1 landslide o earth slope, it is special
Levy and be, it is adaptable to the shallow top layer landslide o earth slope geology calamity of 10 °≤α≤50 ° of the slip mass gradient
The risk regionalization of evil.
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