CN110189506A - A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface and application - Google Patents
A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface and application Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B31/00—Predictive alarm systems characterised by extrapolation or other computation using updated historic data
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, belong to rock landslip prevention and control field, comprising the following steps: a, determine sliding surface angle of friction；B, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；C, the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P on landslide is calculated；D, the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided.Sliding region feature, orographic condition and the condition of raining that the present invention is formed for the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface are studied, and comprehensive descision is made for landslide, establish the early warning computation model of the rock landslip of accurate joint plane sliding surface, landslide possibility occurrence is accurately divided in quantitative mode, and there is good early warning effect to the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock landslip Prevention Technique field more particularly to a kind of rock landslips of joint plane sliding surface
Method for early warning and application.
Background technique
According to rock landslip sliding surface material composition, the origin cause of formation, property and failure mode, rock landslip sliding surface is divided into soft
Weak interlayer sliding surface, level rock sliding surface and joint plane sliding surface.Joint plane sliding surface opening width is preferable, and general surface is thick
It is rough, it may be filled by various shales, calcareous cement.Analyze sliding surface Crack cause, joint plane sliding surface be construction and
It is formed under hypergene process.
The rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is generally not susceptible to, but once often results in disaster.Rock matter is sliding
Slope is a kind of occurs in mountain area or the natural phenomena of slope of highway.After rock landslip occurs, the rock mass and upper part of sliding are generated
The surface soil body moves under hillside or roadside, damages.
Rock landslip generally requires have three conditions: 1) being conducive to occur the orographic condition of rock landslip；2)
There are weak structural faces for rock stratum；3) abundant rainfall is entered the generation of weak structural face and final induced landslide by crack.These
Condition combined influence and the stability for determining slopes.Wherein, orographic condition includes: potential landslide to the influence factor of rock landslip
Ramp slope, the slip mass upside steep slope topography of body.
Currently, domestic and foreign scholars focus primarily upon the research of the slope surface gradient to the research of landslide formation condition, it is to send out it
The simple data statistics for educating the regularity of distribution, do not further investigate its inherent mechanism (engineering geology journal, 2013,21:607-612；
HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY science, 2014,32:119-122；Mountain research, 2015,33:108-115；Rock-soil mechanics, 2006,27:1393-
1397；Rock-soil mechanics, 2007,28:2046-2010；Geological disaster and environment protect, 2000,11:145-146；Geographical
information systems in assessing natural hazards,1995,135-175；Toronto,1984,
307-323；Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1993,18:579-591；The
Netherlands.1995,93-106；Geomorphology, 1998,24:309-331.), research achievement is difficult to other
Region.Other than the slope surface gradient is to the influence of shallow failure, upstream, the left and right sides and downstream of shallow failure sensitizing range etc. because
Influence of the element to shallow failure has a small amount of research, but is mostly focused on qualitative research and describes the influence of single factors, few
Quantitative calculation method, such as consider upstream computation model (Water resources research, 1994,4:1153-
1171；Math Geol,1983,15:403-426；Processes Landforms,1991,16:427-445.).For landslide
Prediction research mainly passes through statistical method, regression analysis Early-warning Model and its critical value, but this method is only capable of using forecasting model
In the region, it is impossible to be used in other regions can not carry out early warning for non-avaible region.
Publication No. CN 107476275A, publication date are that the Chinese patent literature on December 15th, 2017 discloses one kind
The method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip, which comprises the following steps: determining landslide a, is surveyed and drawn by field investigation
The basic terrain data of body, including slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A u and slip mass upper side on the upside of slip mass
Gradient β；B, rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；C, it is calculated by terrain factor and the rainfall factor according to formula 1
The early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide；P=TR0.67；D, it is carried out with warning grade of the early warning Assessing parameters P on landslide to rock landslip
It divides, when P >=1.85, possibility is high, is red early warning grade, issues red early warning signal；It, may as 1.45≤P < 1.85
Property it is medium, be orange warning grade, issue orange warning signal；As P < 1.45, possibility is low, for green warning grade, issues
Green safe signal.
The method for early warning of Based on Red Bed rock landslip disclosed in the patent document describes sliding for the rock matter of Based on Red Bed
The Early-warning Model and critical value on slope, but the model can be only used to the weak intercalated layer sliding surface of Based on Red Bed, other areas are then
It is not applicable, also can not early warning other sliding surfaces landslide.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome the defects of the prior art described above, provides a kind of early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface
Method and application, sliding region feature, orographic condition and the rainfall item that the present invention is formed for the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface
Part is studied, and makes comprehensive descision for landslide, establishes the rock landslip of accurate joint plane sliding surface
Early warning computation model is accurately divided landslide possibility occurrence in quantitative mode, had to the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface
Good early warning effect.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, which comprises the following steps:
A, by field investigation, the sliding surface position on landslide is found, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, determines that sliding surface rubs
Wipe angle
B, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass
Upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；
C, the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P for calculating landslide, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R, according to
Formula 1, which calculates, to be determined；
P=TR/G0.5Formula 1
In formula:
P --- the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor；
T --- terrain factor is calculated according to formula 2 and is determined；
R --- the rainfall factor is calculated according to formula 4 and is determined；
G --- ground prime factor is calculated according to formula 5 and is determined；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formula 2
In formula:
α --- the slip mass gradient；
U --- upper steep terrain factor is calculated according to formula 3 and is determined；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formula 3
In formula:
Au--- area on the upside of slip mass, m2；
A --- landslide bulk area, m2；
β --- the slip mass upper side gradient；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8Formula 4
In formula:
I --- rainfall mean intensity, mm/h；
I0--- local 1 hour maximum rainfall mean value is checked in, mm/h by local hydrologic manual；
D --- rainfall duration, h；
D0--- unit time, 1h；
In formula:
--- sliding surface angle of friction；
D, the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided with early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P；P value is got over
Greatly, bigger a possibility that landslide；A possibility that P value is smaller, landslide is smaller.
In the step a, sliding surface angle of friction is determinedRefer to and is advised according to GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering technology
Structural plane angle of friction value in model, joint plane sliding surface rough surface, joint plane are hard structural plane, structural face shear strength with
Structural plane degree of roughness, bonding state, filling state, continuity are related with external environment, according to investigation different lithology landslide section
Reason face sliding surface properties are consistent, thereby determine that sliding surface angle of frictionIt is 27 °.
In the step d, as P > 9.6, a possibility that landslide, is very big；As 8.3 < P≤9.6, a possibility that landslide
Greatly；As 7 < P≤8.3, a possibility that landslide, is medium；As P≤7, a possibility that landslide, is small.
Early warning of the present invention suitable for cutting the rock landslip that sliding surface layer Landslides is joint plane, the sliding surface are
It is composed by one or more joint planes are constructed with hypergene process.
Basic principle of the invention is as follows:
The sliding surface of rock landslip generally has 3 seed types: weak intercalated layer sliding surface, level rock sliding surface, joint plane are sliding
Dynamic face.
Joint plane sliding surface is constructed by one or more joint planes and hypergene process is composed.Sliding surface belongs to
Hard structural plane, sliding surface inclination angle is different from formation dip, belongs to and cuts layer landslide, sliding surface inclination angle is big, multiple to educate in steep dip layer
In shape or blocky slope.Joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, and hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less,
Only a small amount of clay substance is filled in joint fissure through the carrying of water, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is weaker.
Sliding region feature determines the complexity on landslide, and the shearing strength of joint plane sliding surface determines sliding surface spy
Property.Joint surface development is in same rock, and sliding surface two sides lithology is identical, and joint plane is coarse, and perforation degree is low, combination degree
Good, contained hydrophilic mineral is less, and only a small amount of clay substance is filled in joint fissure through copying mechanically for water, thus water is to sliding
The emollescence in face is smaller, and shear strength of slide face is big.Shearing strength can reflect influence of the joint plane sliding surface to landslide.Shearing resistance
In two parameters of intensity, cohesive strength c is relatively secondary, and the influence to landslide is little, and sliding surface angle of frictionVariation to cunning
Slope influences very big.Therefore cohesive strength c can ignore, and only consider sliding surface angle of frictionVariation influence.When landslide failure
Sliding surface angle of frictionValue can accurately reflect influence of the sliding surface to landslide, and formula 4 is by sliding surface angle of frictionValue is taken into account, and fills
Divide the effect for considering geologic(al) factor, embodies each impact factor correlation and importance.
Upper steep lower slow landform is conducive to rainwater and enters potential slip mass by slip mass top crack, and then leads to rock stratum
Weak face is gradually saturated and softens, and shearing strength is gradually reduced, and Weak face failure by shear locally occurs and generates shear crack, rain
Water, which constantly enters these cracks, makes its full water, and pore water pressure increases to form excess pore water pressure, and shear crack gradually extends company
Logical to form shear surface, weak surface intensity further decreases, and eventually leads to the local soil body because shear surface shearing strength is lower than shear stress
And it glides along slip band.Downside free face is usually that slip mass cuts outlet port, and rain penetration enters the soil body lower formation along slope
It is easier to penetrate through exudation at free face after shear surface, and then slopes is caused to glide.Therefore the gradient, upside abrupt slope, downside free face
Landform etc. can all play a role in landslide, but the influence of the gradient is the largest.Formula 2 by the gradient and upper steep orographic condition completely
It is combined together, synthetically considers the effect of orographic factor, embody each impact factor correlation and importance.
Rainfall is the risk factor on landslide, and long period rainfall makes rainwater enter sliding surface, and softens weathering
Sliding surface, reduces the intensity and frictional force of sliding surface, reduces resistance for the sliding on landslide；Biggish rainfall mean intensity I makes
The rear crack water level for obtaining slip mass rises, and has biggish hydrostatic pressure, provides power for the sliding on landslide；It is 1 hour local
Maximum rainfall mean value represents the characteristics of rainfall of different zones, and introducing local 1 hour maximum rainfall mean value can farthest subtract
The difference of small area rainfall, enables method for early warning to be used for each region.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in following aspect:
1, of the invention, " a, passes through field investigation, find the sliding surface position on landslide, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, really
Determine sliding surface angle of frictionB, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area on the upside of slip mass
Au, slip mass upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；C, the early warning for calculating landslide is comprehensive
Assessing parameters P is closed, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R are calculated according to formula 1 and are determined；D, sentenced with early warning synthesis
Other factor P divides the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface；A possibility that P value is bigger, landslide is bigger；P
It is worth smaller, a possibility that landslide is smaller ", sliding region feature, the orographic condition formed for the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface
It is studied with condition of raining, and makes comprehensive descision for landslide, establish the rock of accurate joint plane sliding surface
The early warning computation model on matter landslide accurately divides landslide possibility occurrence in quantitative mode, to the rock matter of joint plane sliding surface
Landslide has good early warning effect.
2, of the invention, in step a, determine sliding surface angle of frictionRefer to according to GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering
Structural plane angle of friction value in technical specification, joint plane sliding surface rough surface, joint plane are hard structural plane, structural plane shearing resistance
Intensity is related with structural plane degree of roughness, bonding state, filling state, continuity and external environment, according to investigation different lithology
The joint plane sliding surface properties that come down are consistent, thereby determine that sliding surface angle of frictionIt is 27 °, landslide is sent out by research geologic(al) factor
Raw influence degree carries out internal mechanism research, establishes the calculating formula of the ground prime factor of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface,
In order to accurately divide the possibility occurrence on landslide in quantitative mode.
3, of the invention, as P > 9.6, a possibility that landslide, is very big；As 8.3 < P≤9.6, a possibility that landslide, is big；
As 7 < P≤8.3, a possibility that landslide, is medium；As P≤7, a possibility that landslide, is small, by considering that joint plane slides comprehensively
Geology, landform and the rainfall influence factor of the rock landslip in face accurately divide landslide possibility occurrence in quantitative mode, greatly
Ensured early warning effect.
4, of the invention, T, R and G are dimensionless group in formula 1, in the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface type, respectively
It can be used under the conditions of kind rock landslip, applicability is stronger.
5, of the invention, the early warning suitable for cutting the rock landslip that sliding surface layer Landslides is joint plane, the sliding
Face is constructed by one or more joint planes and hypergene process is composed, and is reference with the shearing strength of joint plane sliding surface
Object, key parameter of the shearing strength as sliding surface, early warning are more accurate.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, comprising the following steps:
A, by field investigation, the sliding surface position on landslide is found, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, determines that sliding surface rubs
Wipe angle
B, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass
Upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；
C, the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P for calculating landslide, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R, according to
Formula 1, which calculates, to be determined；
P=TR/G0.5Formula 1
In formula:
P --- the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor；
T --- terrain factor is calculated according to formula 2 and is determined；
R --- the rainfall factor is calculated according to formula 4 and is determined；
G --- ground prime factor is calculated according to formula 5 and is determined；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formula 2
In formula:
α --- the slip mass gradient；
U --- upper steep terrain factor is calculated according to formula 3 and is determined；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formula 3
In formula:
Au--- area on the upside of slip mass, m2；
A --- landslide bulk area, m2；
β --- the slip mass upper side gradient；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8Formula 4
In formula:
I --- rainfall mean intensity, mm/h；
I0--- local 1 hour maximum rainfall mean value is checked in, mm/h by local hydrologic manual；
D --- rainfall duration, h；
D0--- unit time, 1h；
In formula:
--- sliding surface angle of friction；
D, the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided with early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P；P value is got over
Greatly, bigger a possibility that landslide；A possibility that P value is smaller, landslide is smaller.
" a, passes through field investigation, find the sliding surface position on landslide, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, determine sliding surface
Angle of frictionB, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass
Upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；C, calculate landslide early warning comprehensive distinguishing because
Sub- P, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R are calculated according to formula 1 and are determined；D, with early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P
The warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided；A possibility that P value is bigger, landslide is bigger；P value is smaller,
A possibility that landslide, is smaller ", sliding region feature, orographic condition and the rainfall item formed for the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface
Part is studied, and makes comprehensive descision for landslide, establishes the rock landslip of accurate joint plane sliding surface
Early warning computation model is accurately divided landslide possibility occurrence in quantitative mode, had to the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface
Good early warning effect.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, comprising the following steps:
A, by field investigation, the sliding surface position on landslide is found, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, determines that sliding surface rubs
Wipe angle
B, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass
Upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；
C, the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P for calculating landslide, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R, according to
Formula 1, which calculates, to be determined；
P=TR/G0.5Formula 1
In formula:
P --- the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor；
T --- terrain factor is calculated according to formula 2 and is determined；
R --- the rainfall factor is calculated according to formula 4 and is determined；
G --- ground prime factor is calculated according to formula 5 and is determined；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formula 2
In formula:
α --- the slip mass gradient；
U --- upper steep terrain factor is calculated according to formula 3 and is determined；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formula 3
In formula:
Au--- area on the upside of slip mass, m2；
A --- landslide bulk area, m2；
β --- the slip mass upper side gradient；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8Formula 4
In formula:
I --- rainfall mean intensity, mm/h；
I0--- local 1 hour maximum rainfall mean value is checked in, mm/h by local hydrologic manual；
D --- rainfall duration, h；
D0--- unit time, 1h；
In formula:
--- sliding surface angle of friction；
D, the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided with early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P；P value is got over
Greatly, bigger a possibility that landslide；A possibility that P value is smaller, landslide is smaller.
In the step a, sliding surface angle of friction is determinedRefer to and is advised according to GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering technology
Structural plane angle of friction value in model, joint plane sliding surface rough surface, joint plane are hard structural plane, structural face shear strength with
Structural plane degree of roughness, bonding state, filling state, continuity are related with external environment, according to investigation different lithology landslide section
Reason face sliding surface properties are consistent, thereby determine that sliding surface angle of frictionIt is 27 °.
In step a, sliding surface angle of friction is determinedRefer to according in GB 50330-2013 Technique Code for Building Slope Engineering
Structural plane angle of friction value, joint plane sliding surface rough surface, joint plane are hard structural plane, structural face shear strength and structure
Face degree of roughness, bonding state, filling state, continuity are related with external environment, according to investigation different lithology landslide joint plane
It is consistent to slide surface properties, thereby determines that sliding surface angle of frictionIt is 27 °, the influence journey that landslide is occurred by research geologic(al) factor
Degree carries out internal mechanism research, establishes the calculating formula of the ground prime factor of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, in order to fixed
The mode of amount accurately divides the possibility occurrence on landslide.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, comprising the following steps:
A, by field investigation, the sliding surface position on landslide is found, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, determines that sliding surface rubs
Wipe angle
B, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass
Upper side gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；
C, the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P for calculating landslide, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R, according to
Formula 1, which calculates, to be determined；
P=TR/G0.5Formula 1
In formula:
P --- the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor；
T --- terrain factor is calculated according to formula 2 and is determined；
R --- the rainfall factor is calculated according to formula 4 and is determined；
G --- ground prime factor is calculated according to formula 5 and is determined；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formula 2
In formula:
α --- the slip mass gradient；
U --- upper steep terrain factor is calculated according to formula 3 and is determined；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formula 3
In formula:
Au--- area on the upside of slip mass, m2；
A --- landslide bulk area, m2；
β --- the slip mass upper side gradient；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8Formula 4
In formula:
I --- rainfall mean intensity, mm/h；
I0--- local 1 hour maximum rainfall mean value is checked in, mm/h by local hydrologic manual；
D --- rainfall duration, h；
D0--- unit time, 1h；
In formula:
--- sliding surface angle of friction；
D, the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided with early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P；P value is got over
Greatly, bigger a possibility that landslide；A possibility that P value is smaller, landslide is smaller.
In the step a, sliding surface angle of friction is determinedRefer to and is advised according to GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering technology
Structural plane angle of friction value in model, joint plane sliding surface rough surface, joint plane are hard structural plane, structural face shear strength with
Structural plane degree of roughness, bonding state, filling state, continuity are related with external environment, according to investigation different lithology landslide section
Reason face sliding surface properties are consistent, thereby determine that sliding surface angle of frictionIt is 27 °.
In the step d, as P > 9.6, a possibility that landslide, is very big；As 8.3 < P≤9.6, a possibility that landslide
Greatly；As 7 < P≤8.3, a possibility that landslide, is medium；As P≤7, a possibility that landslide, is small.
Early warning suitable for cutting the rock landslip that sliding surface layer Landslides is joint plane, the sliding surface is by one
Or multiple joint planes are constructed and hypergene process is composed.
As P > 9.6, a possibility that landslide, is very big；As 8.3 < P≤9.6, a possibility that landslide, is big；When 7 < P≤
When 8.3, a possibility that landslide, is medium；As P≤7, a possibility that landslide, is small, by the rock matter for considering joint plane sliding surface comprehensively
Geology, landform and the rainfall influence factor on landslide are accurately divided landslide possibility occurrence in quantitative mode, greatly ensured
Early warning effect.
T, R and G are dimensionless group in formula 1, in the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface type, various rock landslips
Under the conditions of can use, applicability is stronger.
Early warning suitable for cutting the rock landslip that sliding surface layer Landslides is joint plane, the sliding surface is by one
Or multiple joint planes are constructed and hypergene process is composed, and using the shearing strength of joint plane sliding surface as references object, shearing resistance
Key parameter of the intensity as sliding surface, early warning are more accurate.
Below with reference to concrete case, detailed description of embodiments of the present invention:
Shaanxi metamorphic rock landslide: 30 divide when 18 days 20 July in 2010, Shaanxi Province, the big bamboo plantation town village Qi Yan, Hanbin district
Stockaded village gulf ditch comes down.Slip mass lithology is that sandy slate presss from both sides phyllite.Sliding surface is the joint plane combination outside two groups of steep dips
Made of, joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, and hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less, and sliding surface is anti-
Cut that intensity is big, the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 46 °.On July 24th, 2010 4:00 AM, Shaanxi Province Shangluo City adret
The high dam shop town village Qiao Ergou, county comes down in Xigou ditch.Slip mass lithology is phyllite and conglomerate, sandstone.Sliding surface is two groups of steep dips
What outer joint plane was composed, joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, hydrophily mine contained by sliding surface
Object is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 45 °.15 when the July in 2011 of the morning 11 on the 5th
Point, Shaanxi Province, the west of a city, Hanzhong City Lueyang County gold sub- hotel behind slope is come down.Slip mass lithology is phyllite.Sliding surface
It is composed for two groups of joint planes in phyllite, joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, sliding surface institute
Less containing hydrophilic mineral, resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 50 °.
Guizhou metamorphic rock landslide: on June 10th, 2016, nine middle school, stockaded village roadside of the Liping County town Jiu Zhai are come down.Slip mass
Lithology is sandy slate.Sliding surface is the joint plane developed in slate, and joint plane opening width is preferable, rough surface, combination degree
Generally, hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 38 °.
On June 10th, 2016, nine middle school, stockaded village boy student dormitory behind massif of the Liping County town Jiu Zhai come down.Slip mass lithology is chiltern plate
Rock.Sliding surface is the joint plane of slate development, and joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, parent contained by sliding surface
Aqueous mineral is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 38 °.
Sichuan basalt landslide: when the July in 2010 of morning 4 on the 27th, Sichuan Province, ten thousand work market town, Hanyuan County is come down.Landslide
Body lithology is EMEISHAN BASALTS.Sliding surface is the joint plane developed in basalt, and joint plane opening width is preferable, rough surface,
Combination degree is general, and hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, sliding surface slope
Degree is 37 °.
Guizhou limestone landslide: on July 16th, 2014, Longxi Town, Yuqing County, Guizhou Province sand bar village comes down.Slip mass rock
Property is limestone.Sliding surface is the joint plane developed in limestone, and joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, sliding
Hydrophilic mineral contained by face is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 39 °.
Chongqing limestone landslide: on July 19th, 2010, Chongqing City, the town Miao Ba, Chengkou County to county town direction 1km or so are slided
Slope.Slip mass lithology is limestone.Sliding surface is the joint plane developed in limestone, and joint plane opening width is preferable, rough surface, in conjunction with
Degree is general, and hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is
40°。
Guizhou sandstone landslide: 30 divide when 16 days 5 July in 2014, and the town the Xin Zhai village Jin Jia, the county Yin Jiang, Tong Ren District of Guizhou Province city occurs
Landslide.Slip mass lithology is sandstone, siltstone.The joint plane that sliding surface is sandstone, is developed in siltstone, joint plane opening width compared with
Good, rough surface, combination degree is general, and hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less, and resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, the emollescence of water
Limited, the sliding surface gradient is 31 °.When the June in 2010 of afternoon 14 on the 28th, Guizhou Province, Da Zhai village, the town Guanling fauna Gang Wu comes down.It is sliding
It is limestone, dolomite at the top of slopes lithology, middle part is sandstone, and based on shale, mud stone, part contains coal seam for bottom.Sliding surface is
The joint plane developed in sandstone, joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface
Less, resistance to shearing of slipping plane is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 50 °.On June 28th, 2010, Guizhou Province Guan Ling
The village Long Chaoshu, county comes down.Slip mass lithology is that celadon is as thin as medium bed landwaste siltstone.Sliding surface is to develop in sandstone
Joint plane, joint plane opening width is preferable, and rough surface, combination degree is general, and hydrophilic mineral contained by sliding surface is less, sliding surface
Shearing strength is big, and the emollescence of water is limited, and the sliding surface gradient is 34 °.
Computation partition is carried out using rock landslip possibility of the present invention to these hillside.
The slope surface unit for participating in calculating includes choosing at the region 19 on potential landslide.Sliding region feature is determined first, is determined
After joint plane sliding surface, sliding surface angle of friction is determinedIt measures the slip mass gradient α of each zonule respectively again, then measures small
Area Au on the upside of the landslide bulk area A in region, the slip mass upper side gradient β and slip mass of zonule；Using the method for interpolation
Rainfall duration D and the rainfall mean intensity I for calculating each potential landslide calculate terrain factor T by formula 2, formula 4 calculate rainfall because
Sub- R, formula 5 calculate ground prime factor G.Early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P is finally calculated by formula 1.Terrain factor T at 19, rainfall because
Sub- R, prime factor G, early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P calculate and landslide possibility division table and landslide actually occur situation such as
Shown in table 1.
Table 1
According to the criteria for classifying: as P > 9.6, a possibility that landslide, is very big；As 8.3 < P≤9.6, a possibility that landslide
Greatly；As 7 < P≤8.3, a possibility that landslide, is medium；As P≤7, a possibility that landslide, is small.P value calculated result is aobvious in table 1
Show: at 19 in potential slip mass, at a possibility that landslide very big landslide 8, at a possibility that landslide big landslide 5, landslide
At the medium landslide 1 of possibility, at a possibility that landslide small landslide 5.
Comparison actually occurs situation, and referring to table 1, all 8 slope surfaces very big a possibility that landslide are all come down；5
A possibility that a landslide small slope surface all there is no landslides；5 slope surfaces big a possibility that landslide, have 2 to be come down,
3 there is no landslides；There is no landslides for 1 slope surface medium a possibility that landslide.
In conclusion the application present invention to the landslide possibility of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface divide accuracy compared with
Height, early warning effect are good.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface, which comprises the following steps:
A, by field investigation, the sliding surface position on landslide is found, after being determined as joint plane sliding surface, determines sliding surface angle of friction
B, it is surveyed and drawn by field investigation and determines slip mass gradient α, come down bulk area A, area A on the upside of slip massu, slip mass upside
Face gradient β；Rainfall is monitored, rainfall duration D and rainfall mean intensity I is obtained；
C, the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P for calculating landslide, by sliding surface angle of frictionTerrain factor T, rainfall factor R are counted according to formula 1
It calculates and determines；
P=TR/G0.5Formula 1
In formula:
P --- the early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor；
T --- terrain factor is calculated according to formula 2 and is determined；
R --- the rainfall factor is calculated according to formula 4 and is determined；
G --- ground prime factor is calculated according to formula 5 and is determined；
T=tan (α)+3.33U formula 2
In formula:
α --- the slip mass gradient；
U --- upper steep terrain factor is calculated according to formula 3 and is determined；
U=sin (β) Au/ A formula 3
In formula:
Au--- area on the upside of slip mass, m2；
A --- landslide bulk area, m2；
β --- the slip mass upper side gradient；
R=(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8Formula 4
In formula:
I --- rainfall mean intensity, mm/h；
I0--- local 1 hour maximum rainfall mean value is checked in, mm/h by local hydrologic manual；
D --- rainfall duration, h；
D0--- unit time, 1h；
In formula:
--- sliding surface angle of friction；
D, the warning grade of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface is divided with early warning comprehensive distinguishing factor P；P value is bigger,
A possibility that landslide, is bigger；A possibility that P value is smaller, landslide is smaller.
2. a kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In a, sliding surface angle of friction is determinedRefer to according to structural plane angle of friction in GB 50330-2013 Technique Code for Building Slope Engineering
Value, joint plane sliding surface rough surface, joint plane are hard structural plane, structural face shear strength and structural plane degree of roughness,
Bonding state, filling state, continuity are related with external environment, slide surface properties one according to investigation different lithology landslide joint plane
It causes, thereby determines that sliding surface angle of frictionIt is 27 °.
3. a kind of method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In d, as P > 9.6, a possibility that landslide, is very big；As 8.3 < P≤9.6, a possibility that landslide, is big；As 7 < P≤8.3,
A possibility that landslide, is medium；As P≤7, a possibility that landslide, is small.
4. a kind of application of the method for early warning of the rock landslip of joint plane sliding surface according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the early warning suitable for cutting the rock landslip that sliding surface layer Landslides is joint plane, the sliding surface is by one or more
A joint plane is constructed and hypergene process is composed.
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