CN105754935A - 一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的诱导培养基及其应用 - Google Patents
一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的诱导培养基及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的诱导培养基、方法及其应用,所述诱导培养基,包含基础培养基和诱导小分子组合,所述诱导小分子组合为SG或6TF,其中S为SB431542、G为GSK126、6为E61541、T为苯环丙胺、F为毛喉素。本发明诱导培养基能够将成纤维细胞诱导转分化为脂肪细胞,所得脂肪细胞具有正常脂肪细胞特异性分子标签,并且具有正常脂肪形成油脂的功能,为再生医学的细胞来源问题提供一种新的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,特别是涉及一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的诱导培养基及其应用。
背景技术
多细胞生物体绝大部分是由全能性的受精卵发育而来的。精卵结合形成的受精卵经历逐级谱系分化最终发育为成熟个体。其中,细胞的命运决定是成千上万的外源信号与内源因子协同作用的结果,这一过程复杂而难以操控。近些年生命科学飞速发展,其中最引人注目的成就之一便是人们通过外源途径来改变细胞的命运。通过过量表达谱系特异性调控因子,人们不仅能使成体细胞去分化为胚胎干细胞,还能实现不同世系成体细胞之间的转分化过程。
随着重编程技术的发展以及干细胞本身所具有的特性,使得人类有可能在体外培养某些干细胞,诱导其分化或定向转分化为具有重要功能的体细胞,以供临床所需;同时,再生医学则正是利用组织工程、干细胞移植和药物等临床手段,将功能无法自行恢复的病变组织、器官得到结构和功能的重建。干细胞在治疗脂肪和神经损伤举得一些疗效,但依然面临着细胞来源不足的问题,且异体移植又可能会导致免疫排斥的发生。目前,通过在体细胞中强制表达特定重编程因子,介导体细胞直接转分化为某些珍贵的或者不可再生的细胞,为解决上述细胞来源不足的问题提供了新的途径。
然而,外源基因过量表达的方法技术壁垒较高,表达载体可能插入基因组,导入系统安全性存在隐患,效率也有待提高。除了特异性基因的诱导手段,一些小分子化合物也被证实能够促进细胞重编程过程。最近的几项研究发现,重编程过程中的所有转录因子都可以用小分子替代。小分子化合物不仅具有渗透入细胞膜、易操控和成本低等优势,并且小分子能实现没有任何外源基因介入的体细胞重编程过程,这无疑为人们获得多能性干细胞提供了新的方法和思路。
目前,体外获取脂肪细胞主要是从脂肪组织等处直接分离,或者由干细胞分化得到。由干细胞获取脂肪细胞,一般都需经过两轮有丝分裂停滞,再依次激活PPARγ,C/EBP,E2F/DP等转录因子的表达。该过程是由一系列的小分子激活相应的信号通路完成,包括Forskolin或IBMX提高腺苷酸环化酶(cAMP)的水平,抑制Wnt10b和Sp1,激活C/EBPβ通路。此外,还有研究表面在低氧条件下培养脂肪干细胞,不仅能提高其存活率和增殖速度,还能提高其向脂肪分化的能力。然而,至今未见到转分化直接获取脂肪细胞的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利用添加有小分子组合的诱导培养基诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的方法。
在系统分析了10多种小分子的不同组合对小鼠成纤维细胞基因表达和克隆形态影响的基础上,发现小鼠成纤维细胞可以同时转变为包括心肌细胞、神经细胞和脂肪细胞等各种体细胞类型。这种随机多向转分化的现象,称之为小分子组合诱导的多向转分化(inducedmulti-lineagetrans-differentiation,iMT)。具有这种功能的小分子组合称为诱导小分子组合。
一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的诱导培养基,包含诱导小分子组合,诱导小分子组合为SG或6TF,其中S为SB431542、G为GSK126、6为E61541、T为苯环丙胺(Tranylcypromine)、F为毛喉素(Forskolin,FSK)。其中,E61542和SB431542是TGF-β信号通路中ALK5位点的抑制剂;GSK126是EZH2甲基转移酶的抑制剂;苯环丙胺是单胺氧化酶的抑制剂,一般作为抗抑郁药;毛喉素是腺苷酸环化酶(Adenylatecyclase,AC)的激活剂。
所述基础培养基可以为常用的细胞培养基,比如DMEM培养基添加5%~15%的胎牛血清。因为本发明使用的成纤维细胞直接取自小鼠,属于细胞的原代培养,细胞相对比较脆弱,所以还可以适当添加些谷氨酰胺、bFGF和β-巯基乙醇等促进细胞生长的营养物质,一般添加的浓度为谷氨酰胺1~3mM、bFGF30~50ng/mL、β-巯基乙醇0.005~0.02mM。当然,为了防止细菌污染,在基础培养基中还可以添加一些抗生素,比如链霉素、青霉素等,一般添加浓度为链霉素50~200μg/mL和青霉素50~200U/mL。
优选的,所述诱导小分子组合中各组分的浓度为:
最优选的,所述诱导小分子组合中各组分的浓度为:
诱导小分子组合中各组分的浓度是在参考了各种文献报道的基础上,再经实验验证得到的,浓度过低或过高都会造成诱导转分化的效果变差。
本发明又提供了一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的方法,使用所述的诱导培养基对成纤维细胞进行培养。
优选的,所述的成纤维细胞来源于小鼠。所述的成纤维细胞来源于10.5~14.5天的小鼠胚胎。或者,所述的成纤维细胞来源于小鼠尾尖。
优选的,所述成纤维细胞培养的第2天起开始使用如权利要求1所述的培养基,之后每4天更换一次培养基。然后统计克隆数,观察细胞形态,并提取总RNA进行RT-qPCR,检测相关基因的表达情况,从而初步确定诱导转分化成功,然后将转分化所得的脂肪细胞利用油红染色进行再次验证,发现转分化所得的脂肪细胞能够被油红染色。
本发明还提供了利用所述方法获得的脂肪细胞。
本发明还提供了所述的脂肪细胞在药物筛选中的应用。与脂肪细胞相关的疾病有先天性肥胖、痤疮、皮脂溢性皮炎等。
本发明诱导培养基能够将成纤维细胞诱导转分化为脂肪细胞,所得脂肪细胞具有正常脂肪细胞特异性分子标签,并且具有正常脂肪形成油脂的功能,为再生医学的细胞来源问题提供一种新的途径。
附图说明
图1为诱导小分子组合功能性筛选流程图;
图2为实施例2中不同小分子组合产生克隆个数与上调基因的散点图;
图3为实施例2中不同iMT类型细胞的验证结果图,其中各图分别表示心肌细胞(a-Actinin)、肝细胞(AFP)、脂肪细胞(Cebpa)、表皮细胞(E-cadherin)、神经细胞(Tuj1、GFAP)、平滑肌细胞(SMA)的免疫荧光染色,内脏层器官细胞的PAS染色和脂肪细胞的油红染色;
图4为不同小分子组合诱导成纤维细胞向脂肪细胞定向转分化效果对比图;
图5为实施例3中不同iMT类型细胞的验证结果图,其中,A:a-Actinin,B:Tuj1;
图6为实施例4中SG诱导转分化所得脂肪细胞中特异性基因上调结果柱状图,其中,A和B分别为不同基因的柱状图;
图7为实施例4中SG诱导转分化所得脂肪细胞的油红染色图,其中,A为未染色图,B为染色图;
图8为实施例6中6TF诱导转分化所得脂肪细胞中特异性基因上调结果柱状图,其中,A和B分别为不同基因的柱状图;
图9为实施例6中6TF诱导转分化所得脂肪细胞的油红染色图,其中A为对照组,B为实验组。
具体实施方式
基础培养基:DMEM、15%胎牛血清、2mM谷氨酰胺、40ng/mLbFGF、0.01mMβ-巯基乙醇、100μg/mL链霉素和100U/mL青霉素。
诱导培养基为在基础培养基的基础上添加5μMSB431542、0.5μMGSK126或者添加5μME61541、5μM苯环丙胺、10μM毛喉素。
实施例1
(1)小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEFs)的制备步骤如下:
1)培养器皿的预处理:以0.2%明胶覆盖培养皿的底壁,室温下放置30min后,将0.2%明胶吸出,室温晾干后备用。
2)给孕13.5天的小鼠注射约0.5mL阿佛丁麻醉后,实施断颈法处死小鼠,将其浸入75%酒精中消毒5分钟。
3)用75%乙醇擦拭腹部,剪开皮肤并把皮肤向后拉,暴露出腹壁。剪开腹壁以暴露出子宫。将子宫移到100mm的皿里,用10mLPBS洗三遍。
4)用剪刀剪开胚囊,并将胚胎移到培养皿中。
5)小心去除胚胎的头和内脏,将胚胎躯干部分转移到青霉素小瓶中,用2mLPBS洗三遍。
6)用眼科剪将组织剪碎,加入2mL的0.05%胰蛋白酶/0.02%EDTA,将悬液移入50mL离心管中,并在37℃孵育大约20min,每隔5min振荡几次。
7)充分吹打后加入10mL培养基终止消化,静置5min后,将上层约8mL的细胞悬液移入培养皿中,置37℃,5%CO2培养6h后,换液。
8)细胞约90%汇合时传代。
(2)小鼠尾尖成纤维细胞(tail-tipfibroblasts,TTFs)的制备步骤如下:
1)将6周龄的B6/C57小鼠实施断颈法处死小鼠后,浸入75%酒精中消毒5分钟。无菌剪取小鼠尾尖约4cm的组织;
2)去除皮肤后,先用PBS洗3遍,除去血液和脂肪组织;再用眼科剪把鼠尾剪成适当大小分装至盛有2滴血清的1.5mL离心管中,再充分剪碎组织块,加入500μL的血清进行涂板;用组织块贴壁培养法倒置培养6-8h,期间注意添加血清,防止血清干涸;6-8小时后,添加5mL培养基,待到24h后,将培养基添加至8mL;
3)在小鼠胚胎成纤维培养基中培养7天,期间每3天换一次液,并将培养基加至10mL;待细胞爬出至适当密度时,进行传代或冻存处理。
实施例2
为了探索小分子在改变细胞命运上的潜在作用,对已被证明对重编程有影响的10余种小分子化合物和其组合进行了系统的分析和筛选,他们包括
HDAC抑制剂:NaB(N)、VPA(V)、TSA(A);
DNMT抑制剂:RG108(R)、5-AZA(5);
G9a抑制剂:BIX-01294(B);
Ezh2抑制剂:DZNep(D)、GSK126(G);
LSD1抑制剂:苯环丙胺(T);
AC抑制剂:Forskolin(F);
GSK3抑制剂:CHIR99021(C);
MEK抑制剂:PD032590(P);
ALK5抑制剂:A-83-01(8)、E616452(6)、SB431542(S)。
实验流程如图1所示,将实施例1制备的1000个MEFs细胞接种于96孔板上,从第二天开始培养基中添加不同的小分子组合,然后每四天换液,第16天检测,通过统计克隆的形成个数和qPCR分析,确定不同小分子组合的筛选效果。如表1所示,不同小分子组合获得的特定类型的克隆个数有所不同,其中,对照为未添加小分子,此时没有克隆形成。如图2所示,小分子组合6TCF和SGCF对MEFs相关基因上调数量较多,且转分化后的克隆数量最多,但所得的转分化后的克隆并不是单一的一种细胞类型,而是包括脂肪细胞、神经细胞和脂肪细胞等各种体细胞类型(图3)。所以在这两种小分子组合的基础上,进行进一步的优化与实验,以获得转分化后为单一体细胞类型的小分子组合。
通过大量的筛选,发现小分子组合为SG和6TF时,所得诱导转分化的细胞为单一的脂肪细胞,且所得脂肪细胞克隆数较多(图4)。
表1不同小分子组合下克隆形成数量(单位:个)。
实施例3
将实施例1制备的TTFs细胞接种于细胞培养皿上,从第二天开始培养基中添加不同的小分子组合,然后每四天换液,第16天检测,通过统计克隆的形成个数和qPCR分析,确定不同小分子组合的筛选效果。如图5所示,小分子组合6TCF处理TTFs,也能获取a-Actinin阳性的类脂肪细胞和Tuj1阳性的类神经细胞。
实施例4
将约20000个MEFs接种在35mm培养皿上,其培养基为成纤维细胞基础培养基。第二天,将培养基更换成诱导培养基(添加5μMSB431542、0.5μMGSK126),每4天更换一次培养基。第16天,统计细胞克隆个数,收集细胞总RNA进行RT-qPCR检测相关基因的表达情况,结果如图6所示,Pparg、Scd、Pxrα、Glut4、c/Ebp、Pepck和Gpdh等脂肪细胞特异性基因上调明显。如图7所示,诱导转分化所得细胞能被油红染料染色。
实施例5
为探索小分子SB431542和GSK126的浓度对成纤维细胞定向转分化为脂肪细胞效率的影响,设计不同浓度的SB431542与GSK126组合添加到培养基中后用于对成纤维细胞进行诱导转分化,然后用油红染色确定脂肪细胞的个数,结果如表2所示,5μMSB431542与0.5μMGSK126的组合在验证的组合中,具有最高的转化效率。
表2小分子化合物SB431542和GSK126浓度筛选结果
实施例6
将约20000个MEFs接种在35mm培养皿上,其培养基为成纤维细胞基础培养基。第二天,将培养基更换成诱导培养基(添加5μME61541、5μM苯环丙胺、10μM毛喉素),每4天更换一次培养基。第16天,统计细胞克隆个数,收集细胞总RNA进行RT-qPCR检测相关基因的表达情况,结果如图8所示,Adipoq、Pparg、Scd和c/Ebp等脂肪细胞特异性基因上调明显。如图9所示,诱导转分化所得细胞能被油红染料染色。
Claims (9)
1.一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的诱导培养基,包含基础培养基和诱导小分子组合,其特征在于,所述诱导小分子组合为SG或6TF,其中S为SB431542、G为GSK126、6为E61541、T为苯环丙胺、F为毛喉素。
2.如权利要求1所述的诱导培养基,其特征在于,所述诱导小分子组合中各组分的浓度为:
3.一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为脂肪细胞的方法,其特征在于,使用如权利要求1或2任一所述的诱导培养基对成纤维细胞进行培养。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的成纤维细胞来源于小鼠。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的成纤维细胞来源于10.5~14.5天的小鼠胚胎。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的成纤维细胞来源于小鼠尾尖。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,成纤维细胞培养的第2天起开始使用如权利要求1所述的诱导培养基,之后每4天更换一次培养基。
8.使用如权利要求3~7任一所述的方法获得的脂肪细胞。
9.如权利要求8所述的脂肪细胞在药物筛选中的应用。
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CN106381285A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-08 | 浙江大学 | 一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为神经细胞的诱导培养基及其应用 |
CN106399248A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-15 | 浙江大学 | 一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为神经细胞的方法 |
CN106399248B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-01-14 | 浙江大学 | 一种诱导成纤维细胞转分化为神经细胞的方法 |
WO2019144968A1 (zh) | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | 一种细胞诱导的方法 |
CN112175906A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-05 | 中国科学院生物物理研究所 | 胸腺嘧啶核苷诱导成纤维细胞转分化在中性粒细胞减少症治疗中的应用 |
CN112175906B (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2023-09-29 | 中国科学院生物物理研究所 | 胸腺嘧啶核苷诱导成纤维细胞转分化在中性粒细胞减少症治疗中的应用 |
CN111172101A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 上海林望生物科技有限公司 | 人多能干细胞诱导分化为脂肪细胞的方法 |
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