CN105748838A - 一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂及其制备方法,中药制剂中包括以下原料药材:猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡、秃疮花、南烛叶、小叶柳、苏木、无患树蔃、鹅脚板、猪鬃草和石蝉草。本发明的有益效果:本发明肾积水使用的中药制剂,联合西医治疗肾积水,使用方便,有效提高西药的治疗效果,治愈率和总有效率更高,无毒副作用和不良反应,见效快,制备工艺简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医药工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
尿液从肾盂排出受阻,蓄积后肾内压增高,肾盂肾盏扩张,肾实质萎缩,功能减退,称为肾积水。泌尿系统自肾脏开始直到尿道口,为一连续的管道系统,尿液的排出有赖于尿路管道的通畅和正常的排尿功能。尿路任何部位的管道狭窄或阻塞以及神经肌肉的正常功能紊乱,尿液通过即可出现障碍,造成尿流梗阻,梗阻以上部位因尿液排出不畅而压力逐渐增高,管腔扩大,最终导致肾脏积水、扩张、肾实质变薄、肾功能减退。若双侧梗阻则出现尿毒症后果严重。导致尿流梗阻的原因很多可以是先天性的,如肾、输尿管连接部狭窄、尿道瓣膜、马蹄肾等;后天疾病如结石、肿瘤,前列腺增生症,膀胱颈挛缩等。梗阻又分急性和慢性,急性梗阻使肾脏在短时间内功能完全丧失,而肾积水不很明显。慢性梗阻可使肾脏积水大于1000毫升。肾积水一旦并发感染,若梗阻不及时解除,感染难以治愈,感染又加速肾脏的破坏,形成恶性循环,甚至形成脓肾。
中医学认为肾积水多因脾肾亏虚,水湿不运;或因砂石梗阻,影响水行;或湿热灼阴,气化不利,水道不畅。腰为肾之腑,腰酸胀痛当责于肾。初为肾气虚,肾不主水,开合无权,继之肾阴阳两虚,肾阳虚不能温煦肾阴,肾阴虚不能滋养肾阳,致水液内停而至肾积水。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,利用我国传统的中医理论,提供一种疗效确切且毒性作用小的治疗肾积水的中药制剂及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂,所述中药制剂包括以下原料药材:猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡、秃疮花、南烛叶、小叶柳、苏木、无患树蔃、鹅脚板、猪鬃草和石蝉草。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比可以优选为:猫须草15~25份、蛇婆子20~30份、马齿苋5~15份、穿破石25~35份、合萌根10~20份、广金钱草15~30份、苜蓿根5~15份、雪莲花10~20份、葫芦巴25~35份、牙疳药30~40份、糖芥15~30份、白薇5~15份、柠条根20~30份、黄脚鸡15~30份、秃疮花10~20份、南烛叶15~25份、小叶柳30~40份、苏木25~35份、无患树蔃10~20份、鹅脚板15~25份、猪鬃草5~15份和石蝉草15~30份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比还可以进一步优选为:猫须草15~20份、蛇婆子25~30份、马齿苋10~15份、穿破石30~35份、合萌根10~15份、广金钱草20~25份、苜蓿根5~10份、雪莲花15~20份、葫芦巴30~35份、牙疳药35~40份、糖芥20~25份、白薇5~10份、柠条根25~30份、黄脚鸡20~25份、秃疮花15~20份、南烛叶20~25份、小叶柳35~40份、苏木25~30份、无患树蔃10~15份、鹅脚板15~20份、猪鬃草10~15份和石蝉草20~25份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比也可以进一步优选为:猫须草16份、蛇婆子29份、马齿苋12份、穿破石35份、合萌根12份、广金钱草25份、苜蓿根7份、雪莲花19份、葫芦巴32份、牙疳药39份、糖芥21份、白薇9份、柠条根27份、黄脚鸡25份、秃疮花16份、南烛叶25份、小叶柳36份、苏木28份、无患树蔃12份、鹅脚板19份、猪鬃草12份和石蝉草25份。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为片剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥和白薇按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量醇浓度为75%~85%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.30~1.32的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.27~1.29的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的膏体混合,55℃~65℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将所述的干膏粉与淀粉进行混匀处理,得到膏体混合物;所述的膏体和淀粉的重量比为1∶0.01~0.02;将所述膏体混合物进行制粒处理、干燥处理,得到的膏体混合物颗粒;
第五步,将所述的膏体混合物颗粒与滑石粉、硬脂酸镁依次进行混匀处理、压片处理、包衣处理,即得中药制剂片剂成品;所述的颗粒、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁的重量比为100∶1~3∶0.15~0.3。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根和雪莲花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡和秃疮花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,7~10重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、15~35重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为85%~95%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,5~8重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
本发明的有益效果:本发明肾积水使用的中药制剂,联合西医治疗肾积水,使用方便,有效提高西药的治疗效果,治愈率和总有效率更高,无毒副作用和不良反应,见效快,制备工艺简单。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂,中药制剂中包括以下原料药材:猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡、秃疮花、南烛叶、小叶柳、苏木、无患树蔃、鹅脚板、猪鬃草和石蝉草。
各种原料药材的药理如下:
猫须草:【别名】猫须公、肾茶。【来源】药材基源:为唇形科植物肾茶的全草。【性味】味甘;淡;微苦;性凉。【功能主治】清热利湿;通淋排石。主急慢性肾炎;膀胱炎;尿路结石;胆结石;风湿性关节炎。【摘录】《中华本草》
蛇婆子:【别名】和他草、满地毯、仙人撤网、草梧桐、太古粥。【来源】药材基源:为梧桐科植物蛇婆子的根和茎。【性味】辛;微甘;微寒。【功能主治】祛风利湿;清热解毒。主风湿痹证;咽喉肿痛;湿热带下;痈肿瘰疬。【摘录】《中华本草》
马齿苋:【别名】马齿菜、马苋菜、猪母菜、瓜仁菜、瓜子菜、长寿菜、马蛇子菜。【来源】本品为马齿苋科植物马齿苋,以全草入药。【性味】酸,寒。【归经】归肝、大肠经。【功能主治】清热解毒,凉血止血。用于热毒血痢,痈肿疔疮,湿疹,丹毒,蛇虫咬伤,便血,痔血,崩漏下血。【摘录】《中国药典》
穿破石:【别名】柘根、川破石、地棉根、柘藤根、山黄箕、铁篱根、山黄芪、千层皮。【来源】药材基源:为桑科植物构棘或柘树的根。【性味】味淡;微苦;性凉。【功能主治】祛风通络;清热除湿;解毒消肿。主风湿痹痛;跌打损伤;黄疽;腮腺炎;肺结核;胃和十二指肠溃疡;淋浊;蛊胀;闭经;劳伤咳血;疗疮痈肿。【各家论述】1.《南宁市药物志》:破血通经,治淋浊,去远年瘀积、结石。2.《福建中草药》:清热利湿。治湿热黄疸,湿热痹,疔疮痈肿。【摘录】《中华本草》
合萌根:【来源】药材基源:为豆科植物田皂角的根。【性味】甘苦;寒。【归经】肺;胃;膀胱经。【功能主治】清热利湿,消积,解毒。主血淋,泄泻,痢疾,疳积,目昏,牙痛,疮疖。【各家论述】1.《江西草药》:清热利湿,消肿止血。2.《福建中草药》:清热解毒。【摘录】《中华本草》
广金钱草:【来源】本品为豆科植物广金钱草的干燥地上部分。【性味】甘、淡,凉。【归经】归肝、肾、膀胱经。【功能主治】清热除湿,利尿通淋。用于热淋,砂淋,石淋,小便涩痛,水肿尿少,黄疸尿赤,尿路结石。【摘录】《中国药典》
苜蓿根:【别名】土黄耆。【来源】药材基源:为豆科植物紫苜蓿和南苜蓿的根。【性味】苦;寒。【归经】肝;肾经。【功能主治】清热利湿;通淋排石。主热病烦满;黄疸;尿路结石。【各家论述】苏医《中草药手册》:清热利尿,退黄。【摘录】《中华本草》
雪莲花:【别名】雪莲、雪荷花、大拇花、大木花。【来源】药材基源:为菊科植物绵头雪莲花、鼠曲雪莲花、水母雪莲花、三指雪莲花、槲叶雪莲花的带根全草。【性味】味甘;微苦;笥温。【归经】归肚;肾经。【功能主治】温肾壮阳;调经止血。主阳痿;腰膝酸软;妇子带下,月经不调;风湿痹症;外伤出血。【摘录】《中华本草》
葫芦巴:【来源】本品为豆科植物胡芦巴的干燥成熟种子。【性味】苦,温。【归经】归肾经。【功能主治】温肾,祛寒,止痛。用于肾脏虚冷,小腹冷痛,小肠疝气,寒湿脚气。【摘录】《中国药典》
牙疳药:【别名】节节花、叶上绣球、骨叶、峰窝草、田波浪、白痧药、蛇草、穿心草。【来源】为双子叶植物药茜草科植物粗糙钩毛耳草的全草。【性味】味辛;甘;微苦;性平。【归经】胃经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;健脾消积。主牙疳;小儿疳积;风湿关节炎;泄泻;痢疾;皮肤瘙痒。【各家论述】《云南中草药》:祛风湿,健脾胃。【摘录】《中华本草》
糖芥:【别名】冈托巴。【来源】药材基源:为十字花科植物糖芥的全草和种子。【性味】苦;辛;寒。【归经】肺;胃经。【功能主治】健脾和胃;利尿强心。主脾胃不和;食积不化;及心力衰竭之浮肿。【各家论述】《西藏常用中草药》:清血热,镇咳,强心。洽虚疡发热,肺结核咳嗽,久病心力不足,能解肉毒。【摘录】《中华本草》
白薇:【别名】白马尾。【来源】本品为萝藦科植物白薇或蔓生白薇的干燥根及根茎。【性味】苦、咸,寒。【归经】归胃、肝、肾经。【功能主治】清热凉血,利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。用于温邪伤营发热,阴虚发热,骨蒸劳热,产后血虚发热,热淋,血淋,痈疽肿毒。【摘录】《中国药典》
柠条根:【来源】药材基源:为豆科植物中间锦鸡儿的根。【性味】微辛;温。【归经】心;肝经。【功能主治】益气养阴。主头晕,心悸,气短乏力,高血压病。【摘录】《中华本草》
黄脚鸡:【别名】玉竹、竹节参、竹叶三七、黄三七、黄鳝七。【出处】出自《贵州草药》。【来源】为百合科植物深裂竹根七的根茎。【性味】味甘;性平。【功能主治】益气健脾;养阴润肺;活血舒筋。主产后虚弱;小儿疳积;阴虚咳嗽;多汗;口干;跌打肿痛;风湿疼痛;腰痛。【各家论述】《贵州草药》:养阴润肺,生津止渴。【摘录】《中华本草》
秃疮花:【别名】秃子花、勒马回、兔子花。【来源】药材基源:为罂粟科植物秃疮花的全草。【性味】苦;寒。【归经】肺;心;胃经。【功能主治】清热解毒;清热消肿;杀虫。主咽喉痛;牙痛;咽喉痛;淋巴结结核(瘰疬),秃疮;疖疥疥癣;痈疽等症。【各家论述】《陕西中草药》:清热解毒,消肿,止痛,杀虫。治扁桃体炎,牙痛,咽喉痛,淋巴结核,秃疮,疮疖疥癣,痈疽。【摘录】《中华本草》
南烛叶:【别名】南烛枝叶。【来源】药材基源:为杜鹃花科植物乌饭权的叶或枝叶。【性味】酸;涩;性平。【归经】心;脾;肾经。【功能主治】益肠胃;养肝肾。主脾胃气虚;久泻;少食;肝肾不足;腰膝乏力;须发早白。【各家论述】《本草汇言》:益气添精,凉血养筋。【摘录】《中华本草》
小叶柳:【别名】山杨柳、红梅蜡。【来源】药材基源:为杨柳科植物小叶柳的根或叶。【性味】辛;性温。【归经】肝经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;活血化瘀。主风湿骨痛;劳伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
苏木:【别名】苏方木。【来源】本品为豆科云实属植物苏木的干燥心材。【归经】归心、肝、脾经。【功能主治】行血祛瘀,消肿止痛。用于经闭痛经,产后瘀阻,胸腹刺痛,外伤肿痛。【摘录】《中国药典》
无患树蔃:【来源】为无患子科植物无患子的根。【性味】苦;辛;凉。【归经】心;肺;肾经。【功能主治】宣肺止咳;解毒化湿。主外感发热;咳喘;白浊;带下,咽喉肿痛;毒蛇咬伤。【摘录】《中华本草》
鹅脚板:【别名】骚羊古、苦爹菜、山当归、白花草、羊膻草、六月寒、毛升苋。【来源】药材基源:为伞形科植物异叶茴芹的全草。【性味】味辛;苦;微甘;性微温。【归经】归肺;胃;肝经。【功能主治】散风宣肺;理气止痛;消积健脾;活血通经;除湿解毒。主感冒;咳嗽;百日咳;肺痨;肺痈;头痛;头痛;芽痛;脆胁痛;胃气痛;腹胀痛;缩阴冷痛;风湿关节痛;劳伤;骨劳;消化不良;食积;疳积;痧症;泻痢;黄疸;疟疾;月经不调;痛经;经闭;乳肿;目翳;咽肿;痄腮;跌打损伤;湿疹;皮肤瘙痒;蛇虫伤。【各家论述】广州部队《常用中草药手册》:散瘀,消肿,解毒。治毒蛇咬伤,蜂螫伤,痢疾。【摘录】《中华本草》
猪鬃草:【别名】石中珠、猪毛漆、猪鬃漆、降龙草、岩棕、猪综草、铁丝钮。【来源】药材基源:为铁线蕨科植物铁线蕨、白背铁线蕨的全草。【性味】苦;凉;无毒。【归经】肝;肾经。【功能主治】清热解毒;利水通淋。主感冒发热;肺热咳嗽;湿热泄泻;痢疾;淋浊;带下;乳痈;瘰疬;疔毒;烫伤;毒蛇咬伤。【各家论述】1.《天宝本草》:利水通淋。治白带,头晕,乳肿,亦白痢症。醋炒疗痔,脱肛。2.《贵州民间方药集》:镇咳,解热,利尿。治淋浊。【摘录】《中华本草》《中药大辞典》
石蝉草:【别名】火伤叶、胡椒草、石瓜子、散血丹、石马菜、散血胆、红豆瓣。【来源】药材基源:为胡椒科植物石蝉草的全草。【性味】辛;凉。【归经】肺;脾;肝;肾经。【功能主治】清热解毒;化瘀散结;利水消肿。主肺热咳喘;麻疹;疮毒;癌肿;烧烫伤;跌打损伤;肾炎水肿。【各家论述】《云南思茅中草药选》:清热解毒,消肿散瘀,止痛利水。治跌打损伤,烫烧伤,痈肿疮疖,肾炎水肿,肺结核,哮喘,气管支气管炎,肺热咳嗽。【摘录】《中华本草》
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比可以优选为:猫须草15~25份、蛇婆子20~30份、马齿苋5~15份、穿破石25~35份、合萌根10~20份、广金钱草15~30份、苜蓿根5~15份、雪莲花10~20份、葫芦巴25~35份、牙疳药30~40份、糖芥15~30份、白薇5~15份、柠条根20~30份、黄脚鸡15~30份、秃疮花10~20份、南烛叶15~25份、小叶柳30~40份、苏木25~35份、无患树蔃10~20份、鹅脚板15~25份、猪鬃草5~15份和石蝉草15~30份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比还可以进一步优选为:猫须草15~20份、蛇婆子25~30份、马齿苋10~15份、穿破石30~35份、合萌根10~15份、广金钱草20~25份、苜蓿根5~10份、雪莲花15~20份、葫芦巴30~35份、牙疳药35~40份、糖芥20~25份、白薇5~10份、柠条根25~30份、黄脚鸡20~25份、秃疮花15~20份、南烛叶20~25份、小叶柳35~40份、苏木25~30份、无患树蔃10~15份、鹅脚板15~20份、猪鬃草10~15份和石蝉草20~25份。
所述中药制剂中的各种原料药材的重量份数比也可以进一步优选为:猫须草16份、蛇婆子29份、马齿苋12份、穿破石35份、合萌根12份、广金钱草25份、苜蓿根7份、雪莲花19份、葫芦巴32份、牙疳药39份、糖芥21份、白薇9份、柠条根27份、黄脚鸡25份、秃疮花16份、南烛叶25份、小叶柳36份、苏木28份、无患树蔃12份、鹅脚板19份、猪鬃草12份和石蝉草25份。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为片剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥和白薇按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量醇浓度为75%~85%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.30~1.32的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.27~1.29的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的膏体混合,55℃~65℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将所述的干膏粉与淀粉进行混匀处理,得到膏体混合物;所述的膏体和淀粉的重量比为1∶0.01~0.02;将所述膏体混合物进行制粒处理、干燥处理,得到的膏体混合物颗粒;
第五步,将所述的膏体混合物颗粒与滑石粉、硬脂酸镁依次进行混匀处理、压片处理、包衣处理,即得中药制剂片剂成品;所述的颗粒、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁的重量比为100∶1~3∶0.15~0.3。
当所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根和雪莲花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡和秃疮花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,7~10重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、15~35重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为85%~95%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,5~8重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1:本发明制备的片剂
取猫须草160g、蛇婆子290g、马齿苋120g、穿破石350g、合萌根120g、广金钱草250g、苜蓿根70g、雪莲花190g、葫芦巴320g、牙疳药390g、糖芥210g、白薇90g、柠条根270g、黄脚鸡250g、秃疮花160g、南烛叶250g、小叶柳360g、苏木280g、无患树蔃120g、鹅脚板190g、猪鬃草120g和石蝉草250g。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥和白薇按比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍量醇浓度为80%的乙醇回流提取4次,每次2小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.32的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物6倍量水,煮沸4小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.29的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的膏体混合,65℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将所述的干膏粉与淀粉进行混匀处理,得到膏体混合物;所述的膏体和淀粉的重量比为1∶0.015;将所述膏体混合物进行制粒处理、干燥处理,得到的膏体混合物颗粒;
第五步,将所述的膏体混合物颗粒与滑石粉、硬脂酸镁依次进行混匀处理、压片处理、包衣处理,即得中药制剂片剂成品;所述的颗粒、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁的重量比为100∶2.4∶0.19。
实施例2:本发明制备的胶囊剂
取猫须草190g、蛇婆子260g、马齿苋150g、穿破石320g、合萌根150g、广金钱草220g、苜蓿根90g、雪莲花160g、葫芦巴350g、牙疳药370g、糖芥230g、白薇70g、柠条根280g、黄脚鸡220g、秃疮花190g、南烛叶230g、小叶柳390g、苏木260g、无患树蔃150g、鹅脚板170g、猪鬃草150g和石蝉草220g。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根和雪莲花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶5,搅拌90分钟,温度50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.16的清膏;
第二步,将葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡和秃疮花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物8倍量醇浓度为90%的乙醇回流提取4次,每次2小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍量水,煮沸4小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,9重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、28重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入180重量份醇浓度为95%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,7重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
毒性实验:
急性毒性实验:应用小鼠60只,雌雄各半,体重20-38g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时,将本发明的实施例1制备的中药片剂溶解在水中,(浓度为8.58g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为42.9生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。小鼠口服灌胃本发明的片剂LD50>42.9生药/kg,每日最大给药量为85.8生药/kg/日。本发明的中药临床用药量为8.32g生药/日/人,成人体重以60KG计,平均用药剂量为0.139g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以29g计)口服灌胃本发明的中药的耐受量为临床用量的617倍。因此本发明的中药急性毒性极低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:本发明中药实施例1片剂对三组小鼠(每组20只)按13.24、25.38和41.53g生药/kg连续用药15周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药3周后,结果表明:本发明中药对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药15周及停药3周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
临床资料:
病例选择:所有152例病例均来源于本院门诊及住院的肾积水患者,均符合肾积水的诊断标准。将其随机分为两组,治疗组与对照组各76例患者。治疗组76例患者中,男45例,女31例;年龄18~62岁;病程2个月~2年半。对照组76例患者,男44例,女32例;年龄19~63岁;病程2个月~2年3个月。治疗组与对照组在性别、年龄、病程和临床症状上无明显差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
诊断标准:根据湖南省医院协会编写的《临床疾病诊断与疗效判断标准》制定。
一、病史:有泌尿系统各部位的结石、肿瘤、炎症或结核病史。
二、临床表现:(1)原发性肾积水发展缓慢,症状不明显或仅有腰部隐痛不适,积水严重时,腹部可出现包块。(2)继发性肾积水多表现为原发病的症状和体征,很少表现出肾积水的病象。(3)肾积水如并感染,则表现为急性肾盂肾炎症状。(4)尿路梗阻引起的肾积水,如梗阻长时间得不到解决,最终导致肾功能减退甚至衰竭。
三、辅助检查:1、B超:可以明确判定增大的肾是肾实性肿块还是肾积水,并可确定肾积水的程度和肾皮质萎缩的情况。2、X线检查:尿路系统平片、静脉尿路造影、逆行肾盂造影、B超引导下经皮肾穿刺造影对肾积水的诊断有重要价值。3、MRI水成像:可代替逆行肾盂造影和肾穿刺造影。4、CT:能清楚地显示肾积水程度和肾实质萎缩情况,对输尿管行三维成像可以确定梗阻的部位及病因。
治疗方法:
对照组:常规西药治疗,采用解痉止痛、抗感染等基础治疗,对于肾绞痛患者可给予肌肉注射阿托品或黄体酮,对于感染严重的患者可适当配合青霉素类或头孢类抗生素进行治疗,对于因结石而导致积水的患者,可给予低分子右旋糖酐进行常规静脉滴注;并积极治疗原发病;15天为一个疗程,三个疗程后统计治疗结果。
治疗组:在对照组常规西医治疗基础上,同时口服本发明中药实施例1片剂,每次2片,每天3次;15天为一个疗程,三个疗程后统计治疗结果。
疗效判断标准:治愈:症状消失,经B超、肾盂静脉造影或CT等复查肾积水消失。好转:症状缓解,经B超、肾盂静脉造影或CT等检查肾积水明显减少。无效:治疗前后病情无变化。
治疗结果:两组分别治疗45天后,统计结果参见表1和表2。
表1两组分别治疗45天后临床疗效比较(单位:例)
组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 好转 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
治疗组 | 76 | 61 | 12 | 3 | 73(96.05%) |
对照组 | 76 | 47 | 16 | 13 | 64(84.21%) |
从表1可以看出,治疗组采用本发明的中药,配合西医治疗肾积水,相对于对照组,在治疗效果上,具有显著的改进。
表2两组分别治疗45天后治愈人数和时间比较(单位:例/%)
组别 | 例数 | 用药15天 | 用药30天 | 用药45天 |
治疗组 | 61 | 22(28.95%) | 45(59.21%) | 61(80.26%) |
对照组 | 47 | 12(15.79%) | 29(38.16%) | 47(61.84%) |
从表2可以看出,治疗组采用本发明的中药,配合西医治疗肾积水,相对于对照组,不仅疗效更好,见效也更快。
不良反应:两组患者在治疗过程中均未出现肝肾功能损害或其他明显不良反应。
具体病例:牟某,男,43岁,患有肾积水1年半左右。诊时患者怕冷俱寒,但测体温正常,腰酸胀痛,做肾区叩击痛,纳呆尿少,无尿频尿急尿痛感,大便正常,舌质淡,舌体胖有齿印,脉弦紧,查尿、大便常规未见异常,做B超提示左侧肾积水,诊断为肾积水。经过上述对照组的常规西药治疗,同时口服发明实施例1的片剂,每次2片,每日3次,治疗4周,症状消失,经B超复查肾积水消失,临床治愈,随访6个月无复发。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权,并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这种新产品或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息,上述内容修改,以实现类似的执行情况。但是,所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留的权利。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗肾积水的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂包括以下原料药材:猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡、秃疮花、南烛叶、小叶柳、苏木、无患树蔃、鹅脚板、猪鬃草和石蝉草。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:猫须草15~25份、蛇婆子20~30份、马齿苋5~15份、穿破石25~35份、合萌根10~20份、广金钱草15~30份、苜蓿根5~15份、雪莲花10~20份、葫芦巴25~35份、牙疳药30~40份、糖芥15~30份、白薇5~15份、柠条根20~30份、黄脚鸡15~30份、秃疮花10~20份、南烛叶15~25份、小叶柳30~40份、苏木25~35份、无患树蔃10~20份、鹅脚板15~25份、猪鬃草5~15份和石蝉草15~30份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:猫须草15~20份、蛇婆子25~30份、马齿苋10~15份、穿破石30~35份、合萌根10~15份、广金钱草20~25份、苜蓿根5~10份、雪莲花15~20份、葫芦巴30~35份、牙疳药35~40份、糖芥20~25份、白薇5~10份、柠条根25~30份、黄脚鸡20~25份、秃疮花15~20份、南烛叶20~25份、小叶柳35~40份、苏木25~30份、无患树蔃10~15份、鹅脚板15~20份、猪鬃草10~15份和石蝉草20~25份。
4.如权利要求1至3所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述原料药材的重量份数比为:猫须草16份、蛇婆子29份、马齿苋12份、穿破石35份、合萌根12份、广金钱草25份、苜蓿根7份、雪莲花19份、葫芦巴32份、牙疳药39份、糖芥21份、白薇9份、柠条根27份、黄脚鸡25份、秃疮花16份、南烛叶25份、小叶柳36份、苏木28份、无患树蔃12份、鹅脚板19份、猪鬃草12份和石蝉草25份。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为片剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥和白薇按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量醇浓度为75%~85%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.30~1.32的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.27~1.29的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的膏体混合,55℃~65℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将所述的干膏粉与淀粉进行混匀处理,得到膏体混合物;所述的膏体和淀粉的重量比为1∶0.01~0.02;将所述膏体混合物进行制粒处理、干燥处理,得到的膏体混合物颗粒;
第五步,将所述的膏体混合物颗粒与滑石粉、硬脂酸镁依次进行混匀处理、压片处理、包衣处理,即得中药制剂片剂成品;所述的颗粒、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁的重量比为100∶1~3∶0.15~0.3。
6.如权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根和雪莲花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡和秃疮花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,7~10重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、15~35重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为85%~95%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,5~8重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
7.一种权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为片剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根、雪莲花、葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥和白薇按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量醇浓度为75%~85%的乙醇回流提取2~4次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.30~1.32的膏体,备用;
第二步,将剩余原料药材按比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至70℃相对密度为1.27~1.29的膏体;
第三步,将第一步、第二步获得的膏体混合,55℃~65℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第四步,将所述的干膏粉与淀粉进行混匀处理,得到膏体混合物;所述的膏体和淀粉的重量比为1∶0.01~0.02;将所述膏体混合物进行制粒处理、干燥处理,得到的膏体混合物颗粒;
第五步,将所述的膏体混合物颗粒与滑石粉、硬脂酸镁依次进行混匀处理、压片处理、包衣处理,即得中药制剂片剂成品;所述的颗粒、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁的重量比为100∶1~3∶0.15~0.3。
8.一种权利要求1至4所述的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将猫须草、蛇婆子、马齿苋、穿破石、合萌根、广金钱草、苜蓿根和雪莲花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍的水提取挥发油,将获得的挥发油用β-环糊精包合,挥发油与β-环糊精的比例为1∶3~6,搅拌75分钟~90分钟,温度30℃~50℃,得挥发油包合物,备用;另将水提取液浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.15~1.17的清膏;
第二步,将葫芦巴、牙疳药、糖芥、白薇、柠条根、黄脚鸡和秃疮花按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6~8倍量醇浓度为80%~90%的乙醇回流提取3~5次,每次2~3小时,过滤,滤液合并,回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20~1.22的清膏,备用;
第三步,将剩余所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~6倍量水,煮沸2~4小时,过滤,浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.28~1.30的清膏;
第四步,将第一步、第二步、第三步的清膏混合,60℃~70℃减压真空干燥,得干膏粉;
第五步,将第一步所述挥发油包合物和第四步所述干膏粉充分混合,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,7~10重量份羧甲基淀粉钠、15~35重量份淀粉混合均匀,加入150~200重量份醇浓度为85%~95%乙醇制粒,干燥,整粒,随后加入相对于100重量份所述挥发油包合物和干膏粉的混合物,5~8重量份硬脂酸镁,然后装入明胶胶囊中。
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