CN105746571B - 一种介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂及应用 - Google Patents
一种介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂及应用,诱杀剂主要包括以下重量份组分:水杨酸甲酯2‑20份、芳樟醇0.1‑2份、β‑侧柏烯0.1‑3份、α‑松油醇1‑5份、青叶醛0.5‑8份,(1,1‑二甲基乙基)‑4‑甲氧基苯酚0.1‑2份,镁铝硅酸盐1‑5份,乙醇2‑10份,吐温2‑15份,20%高效氯氟氰菊酯1‑20份,水10‑20份,助剂1‑5份。诱杀剂具有特殊气味的缓释物质,吸引介壳虫爬虫爬到粘虫胶上,利用杀虫剂将蚧杀死,从而保护植物不被介壳虫危害。该诱杀剂具有成本低、效率高、对环境友好、人畜安全等特点;本发明的介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂制备方法简单,特别适合防治林果介壳虫,具有广阔的经济、社会和生态效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂及应用。
背景技术
介壳虫为半翅目害虫。据统计,现已被描述的介壳虫种类超过7500种。大多数种类虫体上备有蜡质分泌物,形如介壳,介壳虫也因此而得名。介壳虫是林木、果树上最常见的害虫,常群集于枝、叶、果上,吸取植物汁液为生,严重时会造成枝条凋萎或全株死亡。此外,介壳虫的分泌物还能诱发煤污病,危害极大。介壳虫产卵量大,一经成害,危害严重。
喷施杀虫剂是现阶段防治介壳虫的主要方式,但大多数介壳虫能够分泌的蜡质,蜡质较多且厚,一般情况下具有触杀活性的杀虫剂不能透过蜡壳,而对于刺吸性口器具有活性的杀虫剂,效果不甚理想。介壳虫从卵孵化后要经过一个爬虫阶段,这个阶段的爬虫未分泌蜡质,对农药敏感,是介壳虫防治的关键时期。为了更好生长,刚孵化的蚧爬虫有向新的枝条及新叶片移动的习性。
植物挥发物是指植物释放的挥发性化学物质。在植食性昆虫的寻食过程中,植物挥发物起着重要作用。植食性昆虫利用寄主植物所释放的化学信号来确定自己的寄主定向行为,从而准确地找到寄主植物,如马铃薯叶片气味对马铃薯甲虫产生寄主定向行为,松树原木的挥发物能够引诱小蠹;衰弱松树发出来的单萜类物质可以引诱松褐天牛。而植物挥发性化合物对介壳虫爬虫的吸引未见报道与应用。介壳虫只有刚孵化的爬虫能够移动,也是防治关键期,植物挥发性化合物对爬虫也具有吸引作用,在利用植物挥发性化合物吸引介壳虫爬虫并毒杀,对于减少农药使用,很好防治介壳虫有重要意义。目前还未发现专门针对介壳虫爬虫爬虫诱杀剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂及应用,利用介壳虫爬虫对一些挥发性化合物的强烈趋向性,配制诱杀剂,使其大量粘附在诱杀剂上,体表触及农药致其死亡。
本发明所述的介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂,是由以下重量份比的原料制成的:
水杨酸甲酯2-20份;
芳樟醇0.1-2份;
β-侧柏烯0.1-3份;
α-松油醇2-15份;
青叶醛0.5-8份;
(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚0.1-2份;
镁铝硅酸盐1-5份;
乙醇2-10份;
吐温2-15份;
20%高效氯氟氰菊酯1-20份;
水10-30份;
助剂:1-5份,助剂为甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和尼泊金甲酯,两者重量比为1:2-1:5。
本发明的优点在于:本发明具有特殊气味的缓释物质,吸引介壳虫爬虫爬到粘虫胶上,利用杀虫剂将蚧杀死,从而保护植物不被介壳虫危害。该诱杀剂具有成本低、效率高、对环境友好、人畜安全等特点;本发明的介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂具有广阔的产业化前景,制备方法简单,特别适合防治林果介壳虫,具有广阔的经济、社会和生态效益。
附图说明
图1介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂对佛州龟蜡蚧的防效。
图2介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂对柑桔矢尖蚧的防效。
具体实施方式
实施例1
介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂,是由以下重量份比的原料制成的:水杨酸甲酯20份;芳樟醇1份;β-侧柏烯1份;α-松油醇1份;青叶醛5份;(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚1份;镁铝硅酸盐5份;乙醇8份;吐温15份;20%高效氯氟氰菊酯15份;水26份,甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和尼泊金甲酯为2份(两者重量比为1:2)。
水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、β-侧柏烯、α-松油醇、青叶醛等溶于乙醇,再将镁铝硅酸盐加入,搅拌,再加入(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚与吐温,再加入20%高效氯氟氰菊酯、水、助剂,搅拌均匀,制成介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂。
介壳虫卵孵化初期,将诱杀剂喷在树木涂有粘虫胶的主干上,喷施一圈,宽度根据虫口密度的大小适当调节,约10cm-20cm。介壳虫爬虫被诱粘在树干后,通过接触高效氯氟氰菊酯致死,当爬虫过多也可喷杀农药杀灭。
实施例2
介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂,是由以下重量份比的原料制成的:水杨酸甲酯20份;芳樟醇2份;β-侧柏烯3份;α-松油醇5份;青叶醛8份;(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚1份;镁铝硅酸盐5份;乙醇10份;吐温15份;20%高效氯氟氰菊酯20份,水10份,甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和尼泊金甲酯为1份(两者重量比为1:3)。
将异戊二烯、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、β-侧柏烯、α-松油醇、青叶醛等溶于乙醇,再将镁铝硅酸盐加入,搅拌,再加入(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚与吐温,再加入20%高效氯氟氰菊酯、水、助剂,搅拌均匀,制成介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂。
介壳虫卵孵化初期,将诱杀剂喷在树木涂有粘虫胶的主干上,喷施一圈,宽度根据虫口密度的大小适当调节,约10cm-20cm。介壳虫爬虫被诱粘在树干后,通过接触高效氯氟氰菊酯致死,当爬虫过多也可喷杀农药杀灭。
实施例3
介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂,是由以下重量份比的原料制成的:水杨酸甲酯15份;芳樟醇1.2份;β-侧柏烯2份;α-松油醇12份;青叶醛5份;(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚1.5份;镁铝硅酸盐3份;乙醇8份;吐温15份;20%高效氯氟氰菊酯10份。水25份,甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和尼泊金甲酯为2.3份(两者重量比为1:5)。
将水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、β-侧柏烯、α-松油醇、青叶醛等溶于乙醇,再将镁铝硅酸盐加入,搅拌,再加入(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚与吐温,再加入20%高效氯氟氰菊酯、水、助剂,搅拌均匀,制成介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂。
介壳虫卵孵化初期,将诱杀剂喷在树木涂有粘虫胶的主干上,喷施一圈,宽度根据虫口密度的大小适当调节,约10cm-20cm。介壳虫爬虫被诱粘在树干后,通过接触高效氯氟氰菊酯致死,当爬虫过多也可喷杀农药杀灭。
实施例4
采用实施例1制成的诱杀剂,在分别在佛州龟蜡蚧和柑桔矢尖蚧卵孵化初期涂于受害树木,重复4次,在涂后10天、20天、30天检查纸条上的介壳虫数量,以常用介壳虫防治药剂噻嗪酮作为对照药及,以未处理作为空白对照,计算防治效果。
从图1和图2可知,诱杀剂1对佛州龟蜡蚧与柑橘矢尖蚧的持效性好,20天防效均优于对照药剂噻嗪酮。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂,其特征在于:所述诱杀剂主要包括以下重量份组分:水杨酸甲酯2-20份;芳樟醇0.1-2份;β-侧柏烯0.1-3份;α-松油醇1-5份;青叶醛0.5-8份;(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲氧基苯酚0.1-1份;镁铝硅酸盐1-5份;乙醇2-10份;吐温2-15份;20%高效氯氟氰菊酯1-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂,其特征在于:诱杀剂的组分还包括水和助剂,其中水按重量份计为10-30份,助剂为1-5 份;助剂为甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和尼泊金甲酯,重量比为1:2-1:5。
3.如权利要求1所述介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂在防治佛州龟蜡蚧和柑桔矢尖蚧介壳虫爬虫上的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述介壳虫爬虫诱杀剂的使用方法,在树干上涂上粘虫胶,然后将诱杀剂喷在粘虫胶上。
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