CN105733687A - Solid fuel pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and staged conversion device and method for multi-layer fluidized bed - Google Patents
Solid fuel pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and staged conversion device and method for multi-layer fluidized bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN105733687A CN105733687A CN201610203744.2A CN201610203744A CN105733687A CN 105733687 A CN105733687 A CN 105733687A CN 201610203744 A CN201610203744 A CN 201610203744A CN 105733687 A CN105733687 A CN 105733687A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
- F23C2201/102—Furnace staging in horizontal direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid fuel pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and staged conversion device and method for a multi-layer fluidized bed.According to the device and method, pyrolysis gas, tar, synthesis gas and heat are prepared through solid fuel such as coal, biomass and solid waste.The device is mainly composed of the multi-layer fluidized bed, a cyclone separator and a recycle device.The multi-layer fluidized bed is mainly composed of a pyrolysis layer, a gasification layer and a combustion layer.The solid fuel is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis layer first, volatile components are extracted in the mode of tar and pyrolysis gas, remaining semicoke is pyrolyzed and enters the gasification layer, partial gasification reaction is conducted on the remaining semicoke, oxygen and vapor, the synthesis gas is generated and output, part of gasified semicoke enters the combustion layer, is combusted with air and releases heat, hot ash generated after combustion is separated by the cyclone separator and conveyed back to the pyrolysis layer through a recycle valve, and heat required by pyrolysis of the solid fuel is provided.By means of the integrated device, the solid fuel is subjected to pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and staged conversion, and operation difficulty of the device is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion and produce oil, air and heat field, particularly to a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device and method.
Background technology
The coal of China and biomass resource rich reserves, coal and biomass occupy critical role in China's energy-consuming, and will still keep leading position within longer a period of time.And the annual yield of the solid waste such as the waste or used plastics of China, junked tire and waste textile fabric is also very huge, and it is badly in need of being utilized effectively.If extracting tar by pyrolysis from the solid fuels such as coal, biomass, solid waste, adopting the method for gasification and burning to produce the products such as pyrolysis gas, synthesis gas and heat simultaneously, not only can effectively utilize various solid fuel, it is also possible to improve value of the product.Tar can produce fuel oil by hydrogenation modification, or extract multiple high value compound, pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas such as phenols and can be used for chemical industry synthesis or combustion gas, and heat can be used for producing steam with heat supply or generating.
National inventing patent CN201110090600.8 discloses a kind of solid fuel double fluidized bed thermal pyrolysis grade transformation device and method, and this device is mainly made up of a bubbling fluidized bed pyrolysis oven and a circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace.Solid fuel carries out pyrolysis in fluidized bed pyrolysis stove, precipitates out volatile matter, and volatile matter is purified, isolate tar and pyrolysis gas after cooling, and the remaining semicoke of pyrolysis is sent in fluidized-bed gasification furnace and is gasified totally under oxygen and water vapour atmosphere, produces synthesis gas.What pyrolysis char was adopted by these apparatus and method is the conversion process being gasified totally, tar, pyrolysis gas and synthesis gas can only be produced simultaneously, and the conversion difficulty that semicoke is gasified totally is relatively greatly, the consumption of expensive oxidant is also relatively big, and the effective ingredient of synthesis gas is relatively low.
National inventing patent CN201210181304.3 discloses a kind of method that low order fine coal staged conversion is combined with Cogeneration Project.The method is by low-order coal by pyrolysis extracting liq fuel and Organic Chemicals, and remaining semicoke is divided into two parts, and a part delivers to coal-fired electric generation furnace combustion power generation, and another part is delivered to char Gasification stove and gasified.In the method, semicoke is to burn completely respectively and be gasified totally, but not first partial gasification burns again, therefore semicoke does not carry out classified utilization, and the conversion difficulty that semicoke is gasified totally is also bigger.Additionally, the type of furnace also un-fluidized-bed adopted, solid fuel adaptability is poor.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device and method, to produce tar, pyrolysis gas, synthesis gas and heat.
For solving the problems referred to above, the present invention provides a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolysis gasification staged conversion device, including solid fuel feedstock machine, multicompartment fluidized bed, cyclone separator, standpipe, material returning device；Described multicompartment fluidized bed ecto-entad is divided into coaxial pyrolytic layer, gasification layer, burning zone, wherein, is provided with the first dipleg layer of UNICOM's pyrolytic layer, gasification layer between pyrolytic layer and gasification layer；The first described dipleg layer is provided with semicoke overfall in the middle part of the outer wall of pyrolytic layer, and the semicoke exit bottom the first dipleg layer is provided with gasification layer returning charge valve；The second dipleg layer of UNICOM's gasification layer, burning zone it is provided with between gasification layer and burning zone；Described burning zone upper outlet is connected with cyclone inlet, cyclone separator top is provided with exhanst gas outlet, cyclone separator lower part outlet is connected with standpipe, and standpipe is connected with returning charge valve feed space, and returning charge valve discharge chamber and solid fuel feedstock machine are all connected with the outer wall of pyrolytic layer.
Further, bottom pyrolytic layer, it is provided with pyrolytic layer air compartment, pyrolytic layer air compartment is connected to cycling hot and vents one's spleen import, and at pyrolytic layer air compartment top, pyrolytic layer blast cap be installed and offer pyrolytic layer ash-removing mouth.The top of pyrolytic layer is provided with pyrolytic layer gas-solid separator, and described pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device top is volatile matter outlet, and lower part outlet and the first dipleg layer are connected.
Further, include gasification layer air compartment, gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber bottom gasification layer, gasification layer air compartment top is provided with gasification layer blast cap and gasification layer ash-removing mouth, bottom gasification layer air compartment, sets gasifying agent import；Have bottom described gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber that gasification layer is counter expects wind inlet, gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber top has the semicoke with the first dipleg layer and exports the gasification layer returning charge valve inflation inlet being connected, gasification layer top is provided with gasification layer gas-solid separating device, described gasification layer gas-solid separating device top is syngas outlet, and lower part outlet and the second dipleg layer are connected.
In multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device in the present invention, the shell cross section of multicompartment fluidized bed is circular, square or other polygons, wherein, it is preferred to circular, then each layer cross section of multicompartment fluidized bed is ringwise, generally hollow cylinder structure.
Preferably, the solid fuel feedstock machine of this device sets at least to two, and is arranged in the outer wall of pyrolytic layer centered by multicompartment fluidized bed central shaft in ring type.
Preferably, multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device semicoke overfall set at least to two, and in being arranged in the first dipleg layer in the middle part of the outer wall of pyrolytic layer centered by multicompartment fluidized bed central shaft.
For solve the problems referred to above, the present invention provide solid fuel pyrolysis gasification staged conversion method solution be:
Solid fuel adds to the pyrolytic layer of multicompartment fluidized bed by solid fuel feedstock machine, and the heat ash being transmitted back to material returning device mixes, and solid fuel heats up after heat ash heating, and there is pyrolysis, precipitating out volatile matter, volatile matter entrained particles enters pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device, enters the first dipleg layer after granule is separated, volatile matter is sent by volatile matter outlet, enter subsequent purification, chiller, obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, wherein, pyrolysis gas loops back cycling hot and vents one's spleen import, as the fluidized gas of pyrolytic layer；The semicoke generated after solid fuel pyrolysis, by semicoke overfall, enters the first dipleg layer, then passes through gasification layer returning charge valve and sends into gasification layer, and this semicoke carries out partial gasification in gasification layer with oxygen and water vapour, generates synthesis gas；Synthesis gas enters gasification layer gas-solid separating device entrainment of semicoke after partial gasification, sent by syngas outlet after synthesis gas therein is separated, and the separated rear second dipleg layer that enters of semicoke after partial gasification, it is blown into burning zone by the loosening wind of loosening pathogenic wind room ejection bottom the second dipleg floor, after partial gasification semicoke in burning zone with oxidant generation combustion reaction, release heat, flue gas and heat ash that burning produces enter cyclone separator, flue gas after separation is discharged by exhanst gas outlet, and cycling hot is vented one's spleen can as the inflation of material returning device；The running temperature of pyrolytic layer is between 450-750 DEG C, and the running temperature of gasification layer is 850-1000 DEG C, and the running temperature of burning zone is 900-1200 DEG C, and package unit commonly using or can run under pressurized conditions, and during operation, pressure limit is 0.1-5.0MPa.
The present invention compares relative to prior art has following remarkable advantage:
1, device provided by the invention can realize the solid-fuelled thermal decomposition gasification combustion staged conversions such as coal, biomass, solid waste, produce pyrolysis gas, tar, synthesis gas and heat simultaneously, its coal-tar middle oil can be used for produces fuel oil or extracts high value chemical products, pyrolysis gas and synthesis gas can be used for chemical industry synthesis or combustion gas, heat can be used for producing steam with heat supply or generating, the multiple utilization of solid fuel can be realized, there is high economic worth；
2, multicompartment fluidized bed provided by the invention is from inside to outside followed successively by burning zone, gasification layer and pyrolytic layer, running temperature is from high to low, and the direction of transfer of heat is also outwards transmit from core space, therefore, in multicompartment fluidized bed, the layout of each layer is consistent with heat direction of transfer, the utilizing status of heat is better, and radiation loss is less；
3, multicompartment fluidized bed is by pyrolysis oven, gasification furnace, the combustion furnace Trinity, and globality is better, and the easily operated operation of device；
4, pyrolysis char is implemented gasification, and combustion staged conversion by the method for transformation of the present invention further, compares semicoke in traditional staged conversion technology and is gasified totally scheme, and expensive oxidant consumption amount is less, and synthesis gas effective ingredient is also higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device；
Fig. 2 is the multicompartment fluidized bed schematic cross-section adopting circular housing cross section in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the multicompartment fluidized bed schematic cross-section adopting pipe leg layer in the present invention；
nullWherein: 1-solid fuel feedstock machine、2-multicompartment fluidized bed、3-pyrolytic layer、4-pyrolytic layer air chamber、5-pyrolytic layer blast cap、6-semicoke overfall、7-pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device、8-the first dipleg layer、9-gasification layer returning charge valve、10-gasification layer returning charge valve spout、11-gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber、12-gasification layer、13-gasification layer air chamber、14-gasification layer blast cap、15-gasification layer gas-solid separating device、16-the second dipleg layer、17-loosens wind snout、18-loosens pathogenic wind room、19-burning zone、20-burning zone air chamber、21-burning zone blast cap、22-cyclone separator、23-standpipe、24-material returning device、25-cycling hot is vented one's spleen import、26-pyrolytic layer ash-removing mouth、27-volatile matter exports、28-gasification layer ash-removing mouth、29-syngas outlet、30-burning zone ash-removing mouth、31-exhanst gas outlet、32-gasification layer is counter expects wind inlet、33-burning zone loosens wind inlet、34-oxidant inlet、35-gasifying agent import.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device includes solid fuel feedstock machine 1, multicompartment fluidized bed 2, cyclone separator 22, standpipe 23, material returning device 24；Described multicompartment fluidized bed 2 ecto-entad is divided into coaxial pyrolytic layer 3, gasification layer 12, burning zone 19, wherein, is provided with the first dipleg layer 8 of UNICOM's pyrolytic layer 3, gasification layer between pyrolytic layer 3 and gasification layer 12；The first described dipleg layer 8 is provided with semicoke overfall 6 in the middle part of the outer wall of pyrolytic layer 3, and the semicoke exit bottom the first dipleg layer 8 is provided with gasification layer returning charge valve 9；The second dipleg layer 16 of UNICOM's gasification layer 12, burning zone 19 it is provided with between gasification layer 12 and burning zone 19；Described burning zone 19 upper outlet is connected with cyclone separator 22 import, cyclone separator 22 top is provided with exhanst gas outlet 31, cyclone separator 22 lower part outlet is connected with standpipe 23, standpipe 23 is connected with returning charge valve 24 feed space, and returning charge valve 24 discharge chamber and solid fuel feedstock machine 1 are all connected with the outer wall of pyrolytic layer 3.
Pyrolytic layer air compartment 4 it is provided with bottom pyrolytic layer 3, the sidewall of pyrolytic layer air compartment 4 is connected to cycling hot vent one's spleen import 25, and at pyrolytic layer air compartment 4 top, pyrolytic layer blast cap 5 is installed and offers pyrolytic layer ash-removing mouth 26, the top of pyrolytic layer 3 is provided with pyrolytic layer gas-solid separator 7, described pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device 7 top is volatile matter outlet 27, and lower part outlet and the first dipleg layer 8 are connected.
Include gasification layer air compartment 13, gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber 11 bottom gasification layer 12, gasification layer air compartment 13 top is provided with gasification layer blast cap 14 and gasification layer ash-removing mouth 28, bottom gasification layer air compartment 13, sets gasifying agent import 35；Have bottom described gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber 11 that gasification layer is counter expects wind inlet 32, gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber 11 top has the semicoke with the first dipleg layer 8 and exports the gasification layer returning charge valve inflation inlet 10 being connected, gasification layer 12 top is provided with gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15, described gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15 top is syngas outlet 29, and lower part outlet and the second dipleg layer 16 are connected.
Include burning zone air chamber 20 bottom burning zone 19, loosen pathogenic wind room 18, bottom burning zone air chamber 20, be connected to air intlet 34, burning zone air chamber 20 top layout burning zone blast cap 21 and burning zone ash-removing mouth 30；Described top, loosening pathogenic wind room 18 has the loosening wind snout 17 being connected with the second dipleg floor 16, and the bottom loosening pathogenic wind room 18 is provided with loosening wind inlet 33.
Thering is provided a kind of shell cross section adopting multicompartment fluidized bed 2 in the present invention is circle, as in figure 2 it is shown, each layer cross section of multicompartment fluidized bed is ringwise, generally hollow cylinder structure, pyrolytic layer 3, gasification layer 12 are toroidal cavity, and burning zone 19 is cylindrical cavity.The layout adopting this kind of form is consistent with heat direction of transfer, and the utilizing status of heat is better, and radiation loss is less.Then bottom above layers, the pyrolytic layer air compartment 4 of setting, gasification layer air compartment 13, gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber 11, loosening pathogenic wind room 18, burning zone air chamber 20 adopt circulus all accordingly.
Except multicompartment fluidized bed shell cross section is except circular configuration, present invention also offers square and other polygonal forms, its cavity and each air compartment and be changed accordingly, for conventional alternative forms, therefore the present invention is not detailed.
The solid fuel feedstock machine 1 of the multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device of above-mentioned each form sets at least to two, and centered by multicompartment fluidized bed 2 central shaft, the outer wall of pyrolytic layer 3 it is arranged in ring type, for ensureing material and homogeneous temperature in pyrolytic layer.
Multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device semicoke overfall 6 set at least to two, and it is arranged in the first dipleg layer 8 in the middle part of the outer wall of pyrolytic layer 3 in ring type centered by multicompartment fluidized bed 2 central shaft, to ensure to enter the material in the first dipleg layer 8 and homogeneous temperature.
The the first dipleg layer 8 provided in the present invention and the second dipleg layer 16 are be arranged between pyrolytic layer 3 and gasification layer 12 and gasification layer 12 and burning zone 19 annular space of layer structure, as in figure 2 it is shown, therefore the pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device 7 of its import department and gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15 may be configured as circulus；Additionally according to separation efficiency, pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device 7 and gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15 with multicompartment fluidized bed 2 axial line for axle, can also require that annular arranges multiple.Wherein, pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device 7 and gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15 can adopt labyrinth type inertia separator or other various impacting type inertia separators.
Except above-mentioned form, the present invention also provides for another kind of dipleg layer form, as it is shown on figure 3, namely arrange the structure of the dipleg of multiple tubular type between pyrolytic layer 3 and gasification layer 12 and gasification layer 12 and burning zone 19, dipleg number at least two, then be correspondingly arranged gas-solid separating device at the charging aperture place of dipleg.Then pyrolytic layer gas-solid separator 7 sets at least to two, and is arranged in the top of pyrolytic layer 3 centered by multicompartment fluidized bed 2 central shaft in ring type；The gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15 of described multicompartment fluidized bed 2 sets at least to two, and is arranged in the top of gasification layer 12 centered by multicompartment fluidized bed 2 central shaft in ring type.
In a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion method, solid fuel adds to the pyrolytic layer 3 of multicompartment fluidized bed 2 by solid fuel feedstock machine 1, the heat ash being transmitted back to material returning device 24 mixes, solid fuel heats up after heat ash heating, and there is pyrolysis, precipitate out volatile matter, volatile matter entrained particles enters pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device 7, the first dipleg layer 8 is entered after granule is separated, volatile matter is exported 27 by volatile matter and sends, enter subsequent purification, chiller, obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, wherein, partial thermal decomposition gas loops back cycling hot and vents one's spleen the import 25 fluidized gas as pyrolytic layer 3, another part pyrolysis gas is as the inflation of material returning device 24；The semicoke generated after solid fuel pyrolysis, by semicoke overfall 6, enters the first dipleg layer 8, then passes through gasification layer returning charge valve 9 and send into gasification layer 12, and this semicoke carries out partial gasification in gasification layer 12 with oxygen and water vapour, generates synthesis gas；Synthesis gas enters gasification layer gas-solid separating device 15 entrainment of semicoke after partial gasification, sent by syngas outlet 29 after synthesis gas therein is separated, and the separated rear second dipleg layer 16 that enters of semicoke after partial gasification, the loosening wind sprayed by loosening pathogenic wind room 18 bottom the second dipleg floor 16 is blown into burning zone 19, after partial gasification semicoke in burning zone 19 with air generation combustion reaction, release heat, flue gas and heat ash that burning produces enter cyclone separator 22, flue gas after separation is discharged by exhanst gas outlet 31, the heat ash separated enters material returning device 24 through standpipe 23, then multicompartment fluidized bed pyrolytic layer 3 it is transferred back again, to provide the heat required for solid fuel pyrolysis.
In a kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion method, the inflation of pyrolytic layer fluidized gas 25 and material returning device 24 all adopts cycling hot to vent one's spleen, gasification layer returning charge valve inflation 32 employing water vapour, gasification layer fluidized gas 35 adopts oxygen and water vapour, loosening wind inflation 33 employing air, burning zone fluidized gas 34 adopts air；The running temperature of pyrolytic layer 3 is 450-750 DEG C, and the running temperature of gasification layer 12 is 850-1000 DEG C, and the running temperature of burning zone 19 is 900-1200 DEG C, and package unit commonly using or can run under pressurized conditions, and during operation, pressure limit is 0.1-5.0MPa.
Device and method provided by the invention can produce pyrolysis gas, tar, synthesis gas and heat simultaneously, can carry out staged conversion according to the reactivity of solid fuel different component and economic worth and utilize, pyrolysis char is especially implemented gasification, and combustion staged conversion further.Therefore gasifying agent consumption is relatively gasified totally and to lack, synthesis gas active constituent content is also higher.This is that the multicompartment fluidized bed 2 set by the present invention have employed semicoke partial gasification when working, the carbon of the disordering structure that reactivity is higher in a gasification char, and the carbon for the poor carbonization structure of reactivity adopts burning to convert.Therefore, there is no need to pass into substantial amounts of gasifying agent, it is not required that improve gasification temperature and carry out the graphitized carbon that gasification reactivity is poor, therefore in partial gasification reaction, the combustion share of semicoke is less, and the carbon dioxide of generation is less, and synthesis gas active constituent content is higher.
Claims (10)
1. a multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device, it is characterized in that, including solid fuel feedstock machine (1), multicompartment fluidized bed (2), cyclone separator (22), standpipe (23), material returning device (24)；Described multicompartment fluidized bed (2) ecto-entad is divided into coaxial pyrolytic layer (3), gasification layer (12), burning zone (19), wherein, the first dipleg layer (8) of pyrolytic layer (3), gasification layer it is communicated with between pyrolytic layer (3) and gasification layer (12)；The first described dipleg layer (8) is provided with semicoke overfall (6) in the middle part of the outer wall of pyrolytic layer (3), and the semicoke exit of the first dipleg layer (8) bottom is provided with gasification layer returning charge valve (9)；The second dipleg layer (16) of gasification layer (12), burning zone (19) it is communicated with between gasification layer (12) and burning zone (19)；Described burning zone (19) upper outlet is connected with cyclone separator (22) import, cyclone separator (22) top is provided with exhanst gas outlet (31), cyclone separator (22) lower part outlet is connected with standpipe (23), standpipe (23) is connected with returning charge valve (24) feed space, and returning charge valve (24) discharge chamber and solid fuel feedstock machine (1) are all connected with the outer wall of pyrolytic layer (3).
2. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pyrolytic layer (3) bottom is provided with pyrolytic layer air compartment (4), pyrolytic layer air compartment (4) is connected to cycling hot vent one's spleen import (25), and pyrolytic layer blast cap (5) is installed at pyrolytic layer air compartment (4) top and offers pyrolytic layer ash-removing mouth (26), the top of pyrolytic layer (3) is provided with pyrolytic layer gas-solid separator (7), described pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device (7) top is volatile matter outlet (27), lower part outlet and the first dipleg layer (8) are connected.
3. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gasification layer (12) bottom includes gasification layer air compartment (13), gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber (11), being provided with gasification layer blast cap (14) and gasification layer ash-removing mouth (28) on gasification layer air compartment (13) top, gasification layer air compartment (13) bottom sets gasifying agent import (35)；Described gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber (11) bottom has that gasification layer is counter expects wind inlet (32), gasification layer returning charge valve air chamber (11) top has the semicoke with the first dipleg layer (8) and exports gasification layer returning charge valve inflation inlet (10) being connected, gasification layer (12) top is provided with gasification layer gas-solid separating device (15), described gasification layer gas-solid separating device (15) top is syngas outlet (29), and lower part outlet and the second dipleg layer (16) are connected.
4. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described burning zone (19) bottom includes burning zone air chamber (20), loosens pathogenic wind room (18), burning zone air chamber (20) bottom is connected to air intlet (34), burning zone air chamber (20) top layout burning zone blast cap (21) and burning zone ash-removing mouth (30)；Described loosening pathogenic wind room (18) top has the loosening wind snout (17) being connected with the second dipleg floor (16), and the bottom loosening pathogenic wind room (18) is provided with loosening wind inlet (33).
5. any one multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, the shell cross section of the multicompartment fluidized bed (2) of any of the above-described kind of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device is circular, square or other polygon.
6. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, shell cross section is that circular the first dipleg layer (8) of multicompartment fluidized bed (2), the second dipleg layer (16) are set to toroidal cavity.
7. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, shell cross section is that circular the first dipleg layer (8) of multicompartment fluidized bed (2), the second dipleg layer (16) are set to pipeline configuration.
8. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the solid fuel feedstock machine (1) of multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device sets at least to two, and is arranged in the outer wall of pyrolytic layer (3) centered by multicompartment fluidized bed (2) central shaft in ring type.
9. multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device semicoke overfall (6) set at least to two, and centered by multicompartment fluidized bed (2) central shaft in ring type be arranged in the first dipleg layer (8) near pyrolytic layer (3) outer wall in the middle part of.
10. the method for transformation based on multicompartment fluidized bed solid fuel pyrolytic gasification combustion staged conversion device, it is characterized in that, solid fuel adds to the pyrolytic layer (3) of multicompartment fluidized bed (2) by solid fuel feedstock machine (1), the heat ash being transmitted back to material returning device (24) mixes, solid fuel heats up after heat ash heating, and there is pyrolysis, precipitate out volatile matter, volatile matter entrained particles enters pyrolytic layer gas-solid separating device (7), the first dipleg layer (8) is entered after granule is separated, volatile matter is exported (27) by volatile matter and sends, enter subsequent purification, chiller, obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, wherein, partial thermal decomposition gas loops back cycling hot and vents one's spleen the import (25) fluidized gas as pyrolytic layer (3), another part pyrolysis gas is as the inflation of material returning device (24)；The semicoke generated after solid fuel pyrolysis is by semicoke overfall (6), enter the first dipleg layer (8), then pass through gasification layer returning charge valve (9) and send into gasification layer (12), this semicoke carries out partial gasification in gasification layer (12) with oxygen and water vapour, generates synthesis gas；Synthesis gas enters gasification layer gas-solid separating device (15) entrainment of semicoke after partial gasification, sent by syngas outlet (29) after synthesis gas therein is separated, and the separated rear second dipleg layer (16) that enters of semicoke after partial gasification, the loosening wind sprayed by loosening pathogenic wind room (18) in the second dipleg floor (16) bottom is blown into burning zone (19), after partial gasification semicoke in burning zone (19) with oxidant generation combustion reaction, release heat, flue gas and heat ash that burning produces enter cyclone separator (22), flue gas after separation is discharged by exhanst gas outlet (31)；The running temperature of pyrolytic layer (3) is between 450-750 DEG C, the running temperature of gasification layer (12) is 850-1000 DEG C, the running temperature of burning zone (19) is 900-1200 DEG C, package unit commonly using or can run under pressurized conditions, and during operation, pressure limit is 0.1-5.0MPa.
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