CN105733599A - Cadmium-contaminated soil remediation fixing agent based on microorganism assembly synthesis as well as preparation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Cadmium-contaminated soil remediation fixing agent based on microorganism assembly synthesis as well as preparation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cadmium-contaminated soil remediation fixing agent based on microorganism assembly synthesis as well as preparation and an application method thereof. At present, multiple nano phosphate fixing agents for cadmium-contaminated soil remediation are easily dispersed and lost, underground water eutrophication is caused, and further secondary pollution is caused. Aiming at solving the problems, nano-hydroxyapatite is taken as a central substance, aspergillus niger hyphae are adopted for wrapping the nano-hydroxyapatite, and a cadmium-contaminated soil remediation fixing agent specific to high contamination and high acidity is prepared, so that the problem of excessive dispersion in practical application is solved. A synthesized product is uniformly mixed with cadmium-contaminated soil in a certain rate, and effective state cadmium content is reduced by 67-86%. The cadmium-contaminated soil remediation fixing agent disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process, low in cost, efficient, non-toxic and biodegradable and has no secondary pollution, thereby being an environment-friendly fixing agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro-nano material and assemble the technical field being combined with cadmium pollution soil reparation, be specifically related to a kind of fixative product being applicable to cadmium pollution soil reparation and methods for making and using same thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, the soil pollution case such as " cadmium rice ", " heavy metal vegetable ", " blood lead event " is appeared in the newspapers again and again, causes the public to pay close attention to greatly." whole nation Soil Pollution Investigation publication " display of issue is combined in April, 2014 according to Environmental Protection Department and Ministry of Land and Resources; whole nation soil environment situation totally allows of no optimist; some areas soil pollution is heavier, and arable soil environmental quality causes anxiety, industry and mining discarded ground soil environment outstanding problem.Pollution type is based on inorganic type, and organic type takes second place, and an inorganic pollution figure place that exceeds standard accounts for the 82.8% of all super punctuation bits." the environment five poisonous creatures: scorpion, viper, centipede, house lizard, toad " cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, hydrargyrum inorganic pollution object point position exceeding standard rate are respectively 7.0%, 1.5%, 2.7%, 1.1%, 1.6%.Cadmium (Cd) in soil is mainly derived from a large amount of exploitations and the Wastewater Irrigation in Farmland in mining area, enter the heavy metal in soil and not only affect agricultural output, quality and whole farmland ecosystem, and can more be seriously endangered the health of the mankind and other biology by food chain.As can be seen here, China's cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil is carried out the most effective reparation extremely the most urgent.
At present, the improvement that Cadmium in Soil pollutes mainly has two thinkings: one is removalization, say, that heavy metal removed from soil environment system；Two is immobilization, i.e. utilizes fixative heavy metal to be fixed in soil.After all, the purpose of both modes is provided to reduce heavy metal animal migration in soil and reduce its biological effectiveness.Around these two thinkings, development goes out a series of recovery technique, mainly there is engineering (including soil replacement method, soil moved in improve the original method etc.), Physical (includes electro reclamation method, electric heating repairing method etc.), chemical method (includes chemical leaching method, curing/stabilizing method etc.), bioanalysis (including phytoremediation, microorganism remediation etc.) etc..Every kind of recovery technique has its pluses and minuses.Such as soil replacement method and soil moved in improve the original method are applicable to the little area soil of serious pollution, and quantities is big, costly；Electro reclamation method is still in the experimental study stage, and energy consumption is big, and cost of investment is high；Chemical leaching method destructible soil physico-chemical property；Curing/stabilizing method treatment effect is depending on fixative, and there is certain environmental risk；Biological restoration is easy and simple to handle, harmless to soil, also non-secondary pollution, but repairing efficiency is long, is not also suitable for high density pollution soil.Therefore, need a kind of good fixing effect of exploitation badly, lasting effect is strong, soil physico-chemical property is affected less renovation agent.
Having document to report, nanometer hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) is to Cd2+There is the highest absorbability, and soil liquid pH value can be significantly improved, significantly reduce the biological effectiveness of soil Cd.The nanometer hydroxyapatite being dispersed in soil quickly can collide with pollutant and realize fixing, but, the shortcoming of this advantage superfine powdery material the most just.Nano-grade hydroxy apatite powder body one is dispersed through in large-scale use, easily flows away with water, causes body eutrophication.This does not only result in loss of material, increases cost, and can introduce secondary pollution, is unfavorable for its actual application.Assembling is the possible technique solving the actual application of superfine powdery material, by certain forms, nanometer Unit Combination is become macro-size system, in the hope of showing the character of nanoscale in macrocosm.Filamentous fungi is a kind of typical microorganism, analyzes from appearance structure, and filamentous fungi has the highest transverse and longitudinal ratio, the most interlaced between mycelia；Analyzing from composition, extracellular polymeric is contained on filamentous fungi surface, and it is mainly composed of polysaccharide and protein, has certain biological viscosity.These characteristics just so that it is can become the load of nano-powder material, to developing the soil remediation fixative of clean and effective.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cadmium pollution soil reparation fixative and methods for making and using same thereof assembling synthesis based on microorganism, this fixative fixed and repaired is effective, and cost is relatively low, and methods for making and using same is simple, not affecting soil physico-chemical property, the soil after reparation can be directly used for plantation.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The preparation method of a kind of cadmium pollution soil reparation fixative assembling synthesis based on microorganism, comprises the following steps:
(1) culture medium activation and amplification culture filamentous fungi are used, standby；
(2) disperse in hydroxyapatite nano particle is added fluid medium；
(3) nanoparticle and medium sterilization process；
(4) in ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, the mycelium having activated in step (1) and having cultivated is seeded in the sterilising medium of step (3)；
(5) mycelium pellet that in step (4), vaccinated culture medium shaken cultivation is formed.
Filamentous fungi described in step (1) be a class be thread, grow thickly, there is the fungus of high transverse and longitudinal ratio, including aspergillosis and/or penicillium sp.
Hydroxyapatite nano particle is added in fluid medium in (2) by step, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.1-2g:100-200mL, ultrasonic disperse；Described hydroxyapatite nano particle, it is desirable to particle diameter < 100nm, purity ＞ 97%.
Step (2) uses ultrasonic disperse, power 50-100 watt, ultrasonic wave concussion 0.5-3h.
Sterilization treatment described in step (3) is to put into the culture medium of hydroxyl phosphorite nano particle to autoclave, arranges 115 DEG C, sterilizing 25min；After autoclave sterilization, the culture medium of hydroxyl phosphorite nano particle puts into ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, opens uviol lamp sterilizing 30-90min.
In step (4), inoculative proportion is nanometer hydroxyapatite: fluid medium: bacterium solution=0.1-2g:100-200mL:0.5-3mL, and in bacterium solution, mycelium mass concentration is 5.5-6mg/mL.
Vaccinated culture medium in step (4) is cultivated 2-4 days under the conditions of rotating speed 140-180rpm at 26-30 DEG C by step (5).
Step (5) was cultivated after 2-4 days, was placed on preservation at 4 DEG C in the glutaraldehyde of mass concentration 2.5-5% after the mycelium pellet formed with deionized water rinse 2-5 time.
A kind of cadmium pollution soil reparation fixative assembling synthesis based on microorganism, is to be prepared from by described method.
Described cadmium pollution soil repairs the application process of fixative, fixative described in cadmium pollution soil addition, adds deionized water, and mass ratio is soil: fixative: water=100:(1-5): (100-300), mix homogeneously, processes at least 7 days time.
The present invention has the advantage that
1. the assembling object of the present invention is nanometer hydroxyapatite (n-HAP), has the characteristics such as high-specific surface area, high reaction activity and strong absorption because of it, is increasingly subject to pay attention in Soil Environmental Pollution is administered.Although the repairing effect of n-HAP is fine, but the least because of its particle diameter in large-scale practical application, easily flow away with water, not only its repairing effect is had a greatly reduced quality, and causing secondary pollution, this seriously constrains its application in soil remediation, needs badly and finds a preferable carrier into it.The present invention selects filamentous fungi mycelia to be load first.A Common Species during such as aspergillus niger is aspergillus fungi, wide material sources, the type specimen of the filamentous fungi research being well recognized as.Mycelia production cost is extremely low, process cleans is sustainable, process without expensive equipment, it is simple to process on a large scale, additionally, aspergillus niger mycelia transverse and longitudinal ratio is the highest, constituting the organizer that pore channel is flourishing, beneficially mass transfer, cell wall is mainly made up of biomacromolecule, stable in properties, its cell surface can make the adhering zone of nanoparticle.The present invention mainly applies aspergillus niger high transverse and longitudinal ratio and has the characteristic of biological viscosity etc., using aspergillus niger mycelia as load, wraps up nanometer hydroxyapatite, makes soil remediation fixative, solve its most scattered problem.
2. present invention material centered by nanometer hydroxyapatite, use aspergillus niger mycelia parcel nanometer hydroxyapatite, make the cadmium pollution soil for high pollution highly acidity and repair fixative, its feature essentially consist in fixative add entrance cadmium pollution soil time, part cadmium in soil is adsorbed by fungal mycelia, and on the other hand, fixative can slowly release effective ingredient n-HAP, n-HAP gradually dissolves in the soil liquid, Cd2+With the Ca in hydroxyapatite2+There is ion exchange, or by the adsorption of metal ions in hydroxyapatite surface lattice, by cadmium from the biologically effective state being prone to be absorbed by organism to low activity Morphological Transitions, this fixative is better in high pollution highly acidity contaminated soil, because the increase of acidity can promote to dissolve nanometer hydroxyapatite.But nano-grade hydroxy apatite powder body release simultaneously is slowly, and burst size is little, does not results in the consequence of soil or body eutrophication.
3. in the fixative of present invention synthesis, essential element consists of calcium, phosphorus, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, these elements are the necessary nutrients of plant, therefore the fixative synthesized by the present invention is applied to the fixing of cadmium pollution soil, nonhazardous, biodegradable, non-secondary pollution, is a kind of environmentally friendly fixative.
4. the fixative synthesized by the present invention is compared with a lot of conventional phosphorous-based materials (phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dalcium biphosphate, rock phosphate in powder etc.), in application process highly efficient, and it is not result in subsoil water eutrophication, avoid the risk of secondary pollution, stablizing of Soil structure, more conducively later stage farming thing are not interfered with yet.
The deposit number that the present invention relates to: CGMCC No.5599 names: the bacterial strain of Penicillium Chrysogenum F1, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, address: Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3；Preservation date: on December 15th, 2011.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1 fixative synthesis；
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM) of pure mycelium pellet before the present invention wraps up nanoparticle；
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM) of fixative of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the XRD figure of fixative of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the XRD figure after cadmium fixed by fixative of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
It is intended to specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further details, and the unrestricted present invention.
Embodiment 1
Prepare cadmium pollution soil repair fixative of the present invention:
(1) use the activation of PDA culture medium and amplification culture aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), be purchased from China typical culture collection center, bacterium numbering CCTCC AF 91006；
(2) hydroxyapatite nano particle (particle diameter < 100nm, purity ＞ 97%) of 1.0g adds to the liquid PDA culture medium of 100mL, uses the ultrasonic echography dispersion 0.5h of power 100 watts；
(3) the PDA culture medium containing nanometer hydroxyapatite is put into high temperature high-pressure sterilizing pot, arrange 115 DEG C, sterilizing 25min.After autoclave sterilization, in media transfer to ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, open uviol lamp sterilizing 30min；
(4) in ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, the mycelium activated being seeded in the sterilising medium of step (3) in step (1), inoculum concentration is 1mL；In bacterium solution, mycelium mass concentration is 5.89mg/mL；
(5) in step (4), vaccinated culture medium is placed in gas bath shaking table vibration, cultivates 2-3 days at 30 DEG C, and rotating speed is 160rpm；
(6) after 2-3 days, with the mycelium pellet formed in deionized water rinse step (5) 2-3 time, after be placed on preservation at 4 DEG C in the glutaraldehyde of mass concentration 2.5%.
Embodiment 2
Prepare cadmium pollution soil repair fixative of the present invention:
(1) LB culture medium (every 100mL culture medium: LB culture medium 2.5g, glucose 9g, sodium nitrate 0.3g) activation and the amplification culture penicillium chrysogenum (Penicillium Chrysogenum F1) of improvement are used, bacterial strain is collected in zhuzhou, hunan province city voluntarily, it is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, deposit number: CGMCC No.5599, and applied for patent；
(2) liquid that the hydroxyapatite nano particle (particle diameter < 100nm, purity ＞ 97%) of 1.0g adds to 200mL is improved in LB culture medium, uses the ultrasonic echography dispersion 1.5h of power 100 watts；
(3) the improvement LB culture medium containing nanometer hydroxyapatite is put into high temperature high-pressure sterilizing pot, arrange 115 DEG C, sterilizing 25min.After autoclave sterilization, in media transfer to ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, open uviol lamp sterilizing 30min；
(4) in ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, the mycelium activated being seeded in the sterilising medium of step (3) in step (1), inoculum concentration is 1mL；In bacterium solution, mycelium mass concentration is 5.89mg/mL；
(5) in step (4), vaccinated culture medium is placed in shaking bath vibration, cultivates 2-3 days at 28 DEG C, and rotating speed is 150rpm；
(6) after 2-3 days, with the mycelium pellet formed in deionized water rinse step (5) 2-3 time, after be placed on preservation at 4 DEG C in the glutaraldehyde of mass concentration 2.5%.
Embodiment 3
Soil takes from certain Pb-Zn tailings storehouse periphery low stain rice soil.For natural air drying after examination soil rejecting gravel and broken, quartering mixes, pulverized 18 mesh nylon mesh.Soil pH value is 6.58, in faintly acid.Soil available Cd content is 7.01mg/kg.
Being added with pure n-HAP by fixative (in fixative, the amount containing n-HAP is measured equal with the pure n-HAP weighed) in 0.2g embodiment 1 respectively enters in 5.0g low stain soil, mix homogeneously, add the water of 10mL, after fixing 7 days, extract the available state of Cadmium in Soil with 25mL DTPA.After testing, low stain soil cadmium bio-available Zn concentration before and after fixative or pure n-HAP process is as shown in table 1 below.
Available state Cd content before and after table 1 low stain soil treatment
| Available state Cd (mg/kg) | Fixed rate | |
| Low stain soil | 7.01 | — |
| After embodiment 1 fixative processes | 2.32 | 66.9% |
| After pure n-HAP processes | 3.85 | 45.1% |
Embodiment 4
Soil takes from the rice soil of certain Pb-Zn tailings storehouse periphery intermediate pollution.For natural air drying after examination soil rejecting gravel and broken, quartering mixes, pulverized 18 mesh nylon mesh.Soil pH value is 6.52, in faintly acid.Soil available Cd content is 36.77mg/kg.
Respectively by contaminated soil in the fixative (it is equal with the pure n-HAP amount weighed to contain n-HAP amount in fixative) in 0.2g embodiment 1 and 2 and pure n-HAP interpolation entrance 5.0g, mix homogeneously, add the water of 10mL, after fixing 7 days, extract the available state of Cadmium in Soil with 25mL DTPA.After testing, middle contaminated soil cadmium bio-available Zn concentration before and after embodiment 1,2 fixative or pure n-HAP process is as shown in table 2 below, it can be seen that, the fixative that embodiment 1 produces is more better than embodiment 2.
Available state Cd content before and after contaminated soil processes in table 2
Embodiment 5
Soil takes from certain Pb-Zn tailings storehouse periphery high pollution rice soil.For natural air drying after examination soil rejecting gravel and broken, quartering mixes, pulverized 18 mesh nylon mesh.Soil pH value is 5.90, in acidity.Soil available Cd content is respectively 127.0mg/kg.
Being added with pure n-HAP by fixative (in fixative, the amount containing n-HAP is measured equal with the pure n-HAP weighed) in 0.2g embodiment 1 respectively enters in 5.0g high pollution soil, mix homogeneously, add the water of 10mL, after fixing 7 days, extract the available state of Cadmium in Soil with 25mL DTPA.After testing, high pollution soil cadmium bio-available Zn concentration before and after embodiment 1 fixative or pure n-HAP process is as shown in table 3 below, it is seen that the present invention processes the better of high pollution highly acidity contaminated soil.
Available state Cd content before and after table 3 high pollution soil treatment
| Available state Cd (mg/kg) | Fixed rate Cd | |
| High pollution soil | 127.0 | — |
| After embodiment 1 fixative processes | 17.2 | 86.5% |
| After pure n-HAP processes | 93.6 | 26.3% |
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for the cadmium pollution soil reparation fixative of synthesis, its feature is assembled based on microorganism
It is, comprises the following steps:
(1) culture medium activation and amplification culture filamentous fungi are used, standby；
(2) disperse in hydroxyapatite nano particle is added fluid medium；
(3) nanoparticle and medium sterilization process；
(4) in ultra-clean aseptic operating platform, the mycelium having activated in step (1) and having cultivated is seeded to
In the sterilising medium of step (3)；
(5) mycelium pellet that in step (4), vaccinated culture medium shaken cultivation is formed.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that thread described in step (1)
Fungus be a class be thread, grow thickly, there is the fungus of high transverse and longitudinal ratio, including aspergillosis and/or penicillium sp.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by hydroxyl phosphorus in step (2)
Lime stone nanoparticle adds in fluid medium, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.1-2g:100-200mL, ultrasonic disperse；Institute
State hydroxyapatite nano particle, it is desirable to particle diameter < 100nm, purity ＞ 97%.
Preparation method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that use ultrasonic in step (2)
Dispersion, power 50-100 watt, ultrasonic wave concussion 0.5-3h.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sterilizing described in step (3)
It is processed as putting into autoclave the culture medium of hydroxyl phosphorite nano particle, arranges 115 DEG C, sterilizing
25min；After autoclave sterilization, the culture medium of hydroxyl phosphorite nano particle puts into ultra-clean aseptic operating platform
In, open uviol lamp sterilizing 30-90min.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that inoculative proportion in step (4)
For nanometer hydroxyapatite: fluid medium: bacterium solution=0.1-2g:100-200mL:0.5-3mL, in bacterium solution
Mycelium mass concentration is 5.5-6mg/mL.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5) is by step (4)
In vaccinated culture medium at 26-30 DEG C under the conditions of rotating speed 140-180rpm cultivate 2-4 days.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after step (5) is cultivated 2-4 days,
It is placed on after mycelium pellet 2-5 time formed with deionized water rinse in the glutaraldehyde of mass concentration 2.5-5% in 4
Preserve at DEG C.
9. one kind based on microorganism assemble synthesis cadmium pollution soil repair fixative, it is characterised in that be by
Method described in any one of claim 1-8 is prepared from.
10. the cadmium pollution soil described in claim 9 repairs the application process of fixative, and cadmium pollution soil adds
Entering described fixative, add deionized water, mass ratio is soil: fixative: water=100:(1-5):
(100-300), mix homogeneously, process at least 7 days time.
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