CN105732488B - 一种吡啶‑2‑甲酸脱羧合成2‑(2‑氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶醚化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种吡啶‑2‑甲酸脱羧合成2‑(2‑氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶醚化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- pyridine
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- -1 (2 chloroethoxy) ethoxy pyridine Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000006012 2-chloroethoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical group O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000004058 9,10-anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DNXUGBMARDFRGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical class O=C1C=CC(=O)C(C#N)=C1C#N DNXUGBMARDFRGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 6
- LISKAOIANGDBTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxypyridine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=N1 LISKAOIANGDBTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- USXBRVLCRHLPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound ClCCOCCOC=1C=NC=C(C(=O)O)C=1 USXBRVLCRHLPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NDQQNLRPJRPWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-5-nitropyridine Chemical compound ClCCOCCOC1=NC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] NDQQNLRPJRPWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGNRSXIQLCZGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]pyridine Chemical compound ClCCOCCOC1=NC=CC=C1 RGNRSXIQLCZGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- VPMIAOSOTOODMY-KJAPKAAFSA-N (4r)-6-[(e)-2-[6-tert-butyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propan-2-ylpyridin-3-yl]ethenyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C1)C(=O)OC1/C=C/C=1C(C(C)C)=NC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VPMIAOSOTOODMY-KJAPKAAFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRDAPCMJAOQZSU-KQQUZDAGSA-N (e)-3-[4-[(e)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl]-n-hydroxyprop-2-enamide Chemical compound C1=C(\C=C\C(=O)NO)N(C)C=C1\C=C\C(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 QRDAPCMJAOQZSU-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNRMMDCDHWCQTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine;3-chloropyridine;4-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=NC=C1.ClC1=CC=CN=C1.ClC1=CC=CC=N1 FNRMMDCDHWCQTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QBXVXKRWOVBUDB-GRKNLSHJSA-N ClC=1C(=CC(=C(CN2[C@H](C[C@H](C2)O)C(=O)O)C1)OCC1=CC(=CC=C1)C#N)OCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C1=CC2=C(OCCO2)C=C1)C Chemical compound ClC=1C(=CC(=C(CN2[C@H](C[C@H](C2)O)C(=O)O)C1)OCC1=CC(=CC=C1)C#N)OCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C1=CC2=C(OCCO2)C=C1)C QBXVXKRWOVBUDB-GRKNLSHJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N ac1l9hc7 Chemical compound C([C@H]12)C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O)CC3)(C)C)[C@@]43C[C@@]14CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]2O[C@]3(O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@H]12 YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRVFFFJZQVENJC-IHRRRGAJSA-N aloxistatin Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCC(C)C SRVFFFJZQVENJC-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAPTWHXHEYAIKG-RCOXNQKVSA-N n-[(1r,2s,5r)-5-(tert-butylamino)-2-[(3s)-2-oxo-3-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl]amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl]cyclohexyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](NC(C)(C)C)CC[C@@H]1N1C(=O)[C@@H](NC=2C3=CC(=CC=C3N=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)CC1 QAPTWHXHEYAIKG-RCOXNQKVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-Epiaffinine Natural products C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2N2)=C2C(=O)CC2C(=CC)CN(C)C1C2CO PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTMUXJBJCMRWPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=CC=C1Cl XTMUXJBJCMRWPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMHIBYREWJHKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O LMHIBYREWJHKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKYRCTVBMNXTBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitropyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 QKYRCTVBMNXTBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940076442 9,10-anthraquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- ZCAKUAVHCUTHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CN=C(C=C1Cl)OCCOCCCl Chemical compound C1=CN=C(C=C1Cl)OCCOCCCl ZCAKUAVHCUTHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMF Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006959 Williamson synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous methyl formate Natural products COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004054 benzoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQPDQJCBHQPNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=CC=C1 WQPDQJCBHQPNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZHZOIVSXSKARMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chlorate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OCl(=O)=O ZHZOIVSXSKARMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C07D213/64—One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
- C07D213/643—2-Phenoxypyridines; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及医药化工中间体的制备方法，涉及一种2‑(2‑氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物的合成方法。2‑(2‑氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物广泛应用于化学领域的多个方面，其作为骨架结构往往出现在药物、农用化学品、颜料和光学材料的分子结构中，具有广阔的市场前景。本项目涉及一种2‑(2‑氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物的合成方法，该方法以吡啶‑2‑甲酸、次氯酸叔丁酯和1，4‑二氧六环为原料，在醌式氧化剂催化下发生C‑O偶联，得到2‑(2‑氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物。该发明专利方法步骤简单、原料易得、反应条件温和等优点。本发明具有较大的使用价值和社会经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药化工中间体的制备方法，涉及一种2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物广泛应用于化学领域的多个方面，其作为骨架结构往往出现在药物、农用化学品、颜料和光学材料等与人们衣食住行密切相关的分子结构中，具有广阔的市场前景。
目前已报道合成2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物的方法有以下两种：
(1)经典williamson反应合成2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶醚化合物的方法。1975年Reginald L.Whitaker等人报道了一种合成2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物的方法[参见：Reginald L.Whitaker US Patent,No:3,894,862,July,15,1975.]，氯代吡啶在醇盐的作用下，发生亲核取代反应，生成2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶。该方法虽简单易行，不涉及复杂的化学反应历程，但是反应过程中会产生大量的盐类化合物，这会产生大量的浪费，不符合绿色化学和可持续发展的原则。如反应式(1)所示：
(2)2014年Okumura Yoshi等报道了一种合成2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶醚类化合物的方法，详见：Okumura Yoshi JP,No:P2014-218455A。该反应使用2-卤代吡啶与链状烷氧基醇发生亲和取代，得到目标产物。如反应式(2)所示：
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种步骤简单、原料易得的合成芳香醚类化合物的新方法。该方法没有金属参与，经济又环保。
本发明以吡啶-2-甲酸、次氯酸叔丁酯和1，4-二氧六环为原料，在醌式催化剂催化下发生C-O偶联，得到2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物，反应式如下：
在上述合成方法的反应中，R为烷基、酯基、卤素、硝基和羧基等。
在上述合成方法的反应中，所述醌式催化剂为对苯醌、2，3-二氯-5，6-二氰基对苯醌、四氯苯醌、四溴苯醌、9，10-菲醌或9，10-蒽醌中的一种，醌式催化剂的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的1-50mol％。在上述合成方法的反应中，所述有机溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、二甲基亚砜、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、四氯化碳、甲苯、环己烷，所述的有机溶剂是单一溶剂或两种混合溶剂或无溶剂；有机溶剂的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸重量的2‐100倍。
在上述合成方法的反应中，1，4-二氧六环的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-1000mol％。在上述合成方法的反应中，次氯酸叔丁酯的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-200mol％；在上述合成方法的反应中，反应温度为25-130℃。
附图说明
图1为化合物2a的1H-NMR谱图。
图2为化合物2a的13C-NMR谱图。
图3为化合物2b的1H-NMR谱图。
图4为化合物2b的13C-NMR谱图。
图5为化合物2c的1H-NMR谱图。
图6为化合物2c的13C-NMR谱图。
图7为化合物2d的1H-NMR谱图。
图8为化合物2d的13C-NMR谱图。
图9为化合物2e的1H-NMR谱图。
图10为化合物2e的13C-NMR谱图。
图11为化合物2f的1H-NMR谱图。
图12为化合物2f的13C-NMR谱图。
图13为化合物2g的1H-NMR谱图。
图14为化合物2g的13C-NMR谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例子进一步说明本发明以及本发明方法进行的方式。这些实施例子仅是为了进一步阐述本发明而非本发明的保护仅限于此。
实施例1：2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)pyridine(2a)的合成
称取吡啶-2-甲酸(36.9mg,0.3mmol)、苯醌(16.2mg,0.15mmol)，并依次加入1，4-二氧六环(3mmol,0.51μL)、次氯酸叔丁酯(33.7μL，0.3mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于25℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)pyridine的收率为92％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.13(dd,J＝1.6Hz,4.8Hz,1H),7.56(m,1H),6.86(m,1H),6.78(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),4.49(m,2H),3.88(t,J＝4.8Hz,4.8Hz,2H),3.81(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H),3.65(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ163.5,146.7,138.6,116.9,111.3,71.4,69.8,64.9,42.6.
实施例2：4-chloro-2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)pyridine(2b)的合成
称取4-氯-吡啶-2-甲酸(47.3mg,0.3mmol)、四氯苯醌(7.4mg,0.03mmol)，并依次加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4.730g,5mL)、1,4-二氧六环(0.6mmol,50.9μL)次氯酸叔丁酯(45.0μL，0.4mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于50℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，4-chloro-2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)-pyridine的收率为86％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.03(d,J＝5.6Hz,1H),6.88(dd,J＝2.0Hz,5.6Hz),6.81(d,J＝1.6Hz),4.48-4.50(m,2H),3.85-3.87(m,2H),3.80(t,J＝5.6Hz,6Hz,2H),3.64(t,J＝22Hz,6Hz,2H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ164.3,147.4,145.4,117.7,111.3,71.4,69.6,65.5,42.6.
实施例3：2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)-5-nitropyridine(2c)的合成
称取5-硝基-吡啶-2-甲酸(50.4mg,0.3mmol)、四溴苯醌(4.2mg,0.003mmol)，并依次加入四氢呋喃(100.8mg,0.1mL)、1,4-二氧六环(0.3mmol,25.5μL)，次氯酸叔丁酯(56.2μL，0.5mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于75℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)-5-nitropyridine的收率为81％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ9.06(d,J＝2.8Hz,1H),8.36(dd,J＝2.8Hz,8.8Hz,1H),6.88(d,J＝9.2Hz,1H),4.62(m,2H),3.91(m,2H),3.82,(t,J＝5.6Hz,6.0Hz,2H),3.65(t,J＝6.0Hz,5.6Hz)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ166.8,144.7,139.6,134.0,111.5,71.4,69.3,66.6,42.6.
实施例4：5-chloro-2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)pyridine(2d)的合成
称取5-氯-吡啶-2-甲酸(47.3mg,0.3mmol)、9，10-菲醌(20.8mg,0.03mmol)，并依次加入1,2-二氯乙烷(3mL)、1,4-二氧六环(0.9mmol,76.4μL)，次氯酸叔丁酯(67.4μL，0.6mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于100℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，5-chloro-2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)pyridine的收率为83％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.07(d,J＝2.8Hz,1H),7.52(dd,J＝2.8Hz,8.8Hz,1H),6.75(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H),4.46(t,J＝4.8Hz,4.8Hz,2H),3.86(t,J＝4.8Hz,4.8Hz,2H),3.80(t,J＝6.0Hz,5.6Hz,2H),3.65(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ161.9,145.0,138.6,124.3,112.3,71.4,69.6,65.4,42.6.
实施例5：methyl 5-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)nicotinate(2e)的合成
称取5-甲酸甲酯基吡啶-2-甲酸(54.3mg,0.3mmol)、2，3-二氯-5，6-二氰基对苯醌(22.6mg,0.03mmol)，并依次加入二甲基亚砜(3mL)、1,4-二氧六环(1.5mmol,127.5μL)，次氯酸叔丁酯(33.7μL，0.3mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于125℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，methyl5-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)nicotinate的收率为90％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.80(d,J＝2.4Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J＝2.4Hz,8.8Hz,1H),6.81(dd,J＝0.4Hz,8.4Hz,1H),4.56(t,J＝4.4Hz,4.8Hz,2H),3.91(s,3H),3.89(m,2H),3.81(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H),3.65(t,J＝6.0Hz,5.6Hz,2H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ166.2,165.8,149.8,139.6,119.8,110.9,71.4,69.5,65.7,52.0,42.6.
实施例6：5-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)nicotinic acid(2f)的合成
称取5-羧基吡啶-2-甲酸(50.1mg,0.3mmol)、9，10-蒽醌(20.8mg,0.03mmol)，并依次加入甲苯(3mL)、1,4-二氧六环(1.2mmol,102.0μL)，次氯酸叔丁酯(67.4μL，0.6mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于125℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，5-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)nicotinicacid(2f)的收率为92％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.90(d,J＝2.4Hz 1H),8.21(dd,J＝2.4Hz,8.8Hz,1H),6.85(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),4.59(t,J＝4.8Hz,4.4Hz,2H),3.91(t,J＝4.8Hz,4.8Hz,2H),3.82(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H),3.66(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ170.7,166.8,150.8,140.1,119.0,111.2,71.4,69.5,65.9,42.6.
实施例7：2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)-3-methylpyridine(2g)的合成
称取3-甲基吡啶-2-甲酸(41.1mg,0.3mmol)、四氯苯醌(7.4mg,0.03mmol)，并依次加入乙二醇二甲醚(3mL)、1，4-二氧六环(1.8mmol,153.0μL)次氯酸叔丁酯(56.2μL，0.5mmol)到25mL的Schlenk反应瓶中，然后置于130℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后，减压除去溶剂，使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂，硅胶柱分离，5-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)nicotinic acid(2f)的收率为96％。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.96(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J＝0.8Hz,6.8Hz,1H),6.78(dd,J＝4.8Hz,6.8Hz,1H),4.50(m,2H),3.90(m,2H),3.83(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H),3.64(t,J＝6.0Hz,6.0Hz,2H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ160.3,142.0,138.3,123.8,122.4,71.4,69.7,65.4,42.7,15.8.
Claims (10)
1.一种2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物的制备方法，其特征在于，以吡啶-2-甲酸、次氯酸叔丁酯和1，4-二氧六环为原料，在醌式催化剂催化下发生C-O偶联，得到2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基吡啶类化合物，反应式如下：
在上述合成方法的反应中，R选自烷基、烷氧基、卤素、芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法，其特征在于，所述醌式催化剂为对苯醌、2，3-二氯-5，6-二氰基对苯醌、四氯苯醌、四溴苯醌、9，10-菲醌、9，10-蒽醌中的一种，醌式催化剂的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的1-50mol％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法，其特征还在于，所述有机溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、二甲基亚砜、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、四氯化碳、甲苯、环己烷，所述的有机溶剂是单一溶剂或两种混合溶剂或无溶剂；有机溶剂的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸重量的2-100倍。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法，其特征在于，1，4-二氧六环的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-600mol％。
5.根据权利要求3所述的合成方法，其特征在于，1，4-二氧六环的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-600mol％。
6.根据权利要求1或2或5所述的合成方法，其特征在于，次氯酸叔丁酯的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-200mol％。
7.根据权利要求3所述的合成方法，其特征在于，次氯酸叔丁酯的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-200mol％。
8.根据权利要求4所述的合成方法，其特征在于，次氯酸叔丁酯的加入量为吡啶-2-甲酸的100-200mol％。
9.根据权利要求1或2或5或7或8所述的合成方法，其特征在于，反应温度为25-130℃。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，反应温度为25-130℃。
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