CN105731926B - 一种固废资源化处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种固废资源化处理方法，采用表面改性、阻燃、水泥固化、强力粘结使废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉在常温下固化成复合板材，对粒度范围在0.5～5mm的废电路板树脂粉、粒度范围在5～10mm的废农膜粉、粒度范围在1～5mm的脱硫石膏粉进行助剂添加、搅拌混合、室温固化、浇注成型、去除气泡、表面处理、脱模，干燥后得到复合型板材。本发明制造过程无污染，工艺简单、成本低、制得的板材实用价值大，实现燃石油焦粉尘的资源化利用。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种固废资源化处理方法，属于环保领域中的固体废弃物处理及资源化技术领域。
技术背景：
随着我国经济的快速发展，固体废物的产量也呈现不断增多的趋势，固体废物污染对环境和人体的危害性决不容忽视，它直接影响到人们的生活，严重影响环境和人体健康。
废弃电路板树脂材料主要是由环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和玻璃纤维等组成的混合物。其中的树脂材料为热固性树脂，树脂与玻璃纤维成粘合状态，很难用物理或化学方法分离，也无法熔融再生。由于这些树脂材料中含有溴化阻燃剂等有害物质和少量未分离完全的重金属，对其进行填埋处理势必严重污染环境。有研究者用热解的方法对其进行处理，其目的在于分离树脂和玻璃纤维。然而热解得到的液体产物含有溴化物，目前还很难产业化应用。
脱硫石膏是脱硫装置的副产物，主要成分和天然石膏一样，为二水硫酸钙CaSO4·2H2O，含量≥93％。当除尘器运行不稳定，带进较多飞灰等杂质时，颜色发灰。严重影响了石膏品质。
农膜是难分解的农业塑料制品,农田残留地膜若得不到及时回收,将会造成严重的环境污染。生产上多应用0.012mm以下的超薄PVC地膜,这样的地膜成本低、易破碎、难回收。随着地膜栽培年限的增加,土壤中的残膜量不断增加,阻碍土壤毛管水和自然水的渗透,影响土壤的吸湿性,对水分运动产生阻碍,从而破坏土壤结构,降低肥力水平,阻碍作物生长发育,甚至引起地下水难于下渗和土壤次生盐碱化,最终导致大幅度减产。
现在，环境污染和资源短缺矛盾日益凸显，固废安全处理和再利用显得越来越重要，如何实现安全处置和资源化是工业固废处理发展的一个重要方向。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供制造过程清洁无污染，工艺简单，低成本，制得的复合增强制品实用价值大，实现低碳环保与资源再利用的一种固废资源化处理方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种固废资源化处理方法，采用表面改性、阻燃、水泥固化、强力粘结使废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉在常温下固化成复合板材。具体步骤如下：
(1)对废电路板来料进行筛分处理，得到粒度范围在0.5～5mm的废电路板树脂粉；
(2)对废农膜进行粉碎筛分处理，得到粒度范围在5～10mm的废农膜粉；
(3)取脱硫石膏，通过破碎筛分得到粒度范围在1～5mm的脱硫石膏粉；
(4)将质量百分比为60～80％的废电路板树脂粉、质量百分比为10～20％的废农膜粉、质量百分比为为10～20％的脱硫石膏粉进行混合；分别加入占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的硬脂酸锌、占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的EVA乳胶、占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的十二烷基磺酸钠、占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的镁铝类水滑石，搅拌混合处理；
(5)将混合处理后的混合物料按质量百分比85～100％与水泥粉料混合，再加入占混合物料重量0.1～1％的活性氧化铝，加入适量的水，在强制式搅拌机或砂浆搅拌机中进行搅拌混合，形成浆料；
(6)将浆料注入试模，浇注成型；
(7)将注入浆料后的试模放在振动机上振动5min，去除气泡，加速胶凝材料的水热合成反应；
(8)表面处理：用刮刀将浆料表面刮平；
(9)24小时后脱模，经干燥后得到复合型板材。
其中，所述EVA乳胶，为醋酸乙烯与乙烯共聚合物，是一种强力水性接着剂。所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥，搅拌机为常规的强制式搅拌机或砂浆搅拌机或水泥净浆搅拌机，转速可调。
所述的镁铝类水滑石，是通过将氢氧化铝凝胶、氢氧化镁、碳酸氢镁溶液在反应釜中加热(60-90℃)搅拌，获得白色沉淀并烘干制得的白色粉末。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明采用废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉得到复合板材；采用价格便宜的水泥作为固化剂，与废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉充分混合，在常温下即可固化成型，可制成砖材、墙体型材和其它市政工程材料；脱硫石膏粉具有优良的力学性能、声学性能和耐化学品性能，特别是具有优异的绝热保温性能；通过硬脂酸锌和十二烷基磺酸钠的作用，可大幅提废电路板树脂粉和废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉等增强材料的界面结合力；加入EVA乳胶，使得混合物在水泥固化过程中，混合物料的初期接着性高、增黏性高，大大增强了固化材料的结合，在制造复合型板材过程中起到了很好的协同效应，制得的型材粘结性能强，生产和施工低成本化。
所使用的硬脂酸锌、十二烷基磺酸钠可以和废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉的表面官能团起反应，形成稳定的化学键，另一端可与有机高分子链发生化学反应，从而把两种极性差异较大的材料紧密结合起来，并赋予复合材料较好的物理、机械性能。
活性氧化铝具有许多毛细孔道，比表面积大，对水、氧化物等具有较强的亲合力，可有效防止工业固废中的硫酸盐等成分与水泥成分导致固化体破裂(废SCR催化剂中的飞灰结晶物质含有硫酸盐成分)，在水泥固化的过程中，添加活性氧化铝有助于提高水泥基复合板材的强度。
本发明的优点：
(1)使废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉得到了回收利用，减少了因其使用常规技术无法再利用而采用填埋或简单处理造成环境污染；
(2)废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉、硬脂酸锌、十二烷基磺酸钠、EVA乳胶、镁铝类水滑石在水泥固化反应过程中起到了很好的协同效应，大大提高了板材的力学性能和阻燃性能，同时由于很好的粘结性能，板材有望替代现有地板砖；
(3)采用水泥作为固化剂，在常温常压下即可固化成型，成本低；
(4)工艺简单，产品性能优良，有利于实现工业化应用。
本发明方法制作工艺简单，所需工程设备少，适用于大规模生产；同时，制备得到的板材可用于地板砖、市政用材等，成本低廉，经济实用，具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种固废资源化处理方法的工艺流程图
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例来进一步描述本发明的技术方案。
实施例1：
准备质量分数为80％的废电路板树脂粉、质量分数为10％的粒度范围在5～10mm的废农膜粉和质量百分比为为10％的粒度范围在1～5mm的脱硫石膏粉，在搅拌机中充分混合，加入占混合物料重量0.1％的硬脂酸锌，加入占混合物料重量0.5％的EVA乳胶，加入占混合物料重量0.1％的十二烷基磺酸钠，加入占混合物料重量0.1％的镁铝类水滑石，搅拌混合均匀；将处理后的混合物料按质量百分比85％与水泥粉料充分混合，加入占混合物料重量0.1％的活性氧化铝，再加入适量的水进行搅拌混合，形成浆料；将浆料注入试模，浇注成型；将注入浆料后的试模放在振动机上振动5min，去除气泡，加速胶凝材料的水热合成反应；用刮刀将浆料表面刮平；24小时后脱模，经干燥后得到复合型增强板材。
实施例2：
准备质量分数为60％的废电路板树脂粉、质量分数为20％的粒度范围在5～10mm的废农膜粉和质量百分比为为20％的粒度范围在1～5mm的脱硫石膏粉，在搅拌机中充分混合，加入占混合物料重量0.5％的硬脂酸锌，加入占混合物料重量0.1％的EVA乳胶，加入占混合物料重量0.5％的十二烷基磺酸钠，加入占混合物料重量0.5％的镁铝类水滑石，搅拌混合均匀；将处理后的混合物料按质量百分比100％与水泥粉料充分混合，加入占混合物料重量1％的活性氧化铝，再加入适量的水进行搅拌混合，形成浆料；将浆料注入试模，浇注成型；将注入浆料后的试模放在振动机上振动5min，去除气泡，加速胶凝材料的水热合成反应；用刮刀将浆料表面刮平；24小时后脱模，经干燥后得到复合型增强板材。
本发明实施例制造的板材，具有足够的强度和粘结度，质轻，主要可用作建筑路面砖、广场砖、草坪砖、城市人行道路铺砖等。
Claims (1)
1.一种固废资源化处理方法，采用表面改性、阻燃、水泥固化、强力粘结使废电路板树脂粉、废农膜粉、脱硫石膏粉在常温下固化成复合板材，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
(1)对废电路板来料进行筛分处理，得到粒度范围在0.5～5mm的废电路板树脂粉；
(2)对废农膜进行粉碎筛分处理，得到粒度范围在5～10mm的废农膜粉；
(3)取脱硫石膏，通过破碎筛分得到粒度范围在1～5mm的脱硫石膏粉；
(4)将质量百分比为60～80％的废电路板树脂粉、质量百分比为10～20％的废农膜粉、质量百分比为10～20％的脱硫石膏粉进行混合；分别加入占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的硬脂酸锌、占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的EVA乳胶、占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的十二烷基磺酸钠、占混合物料重量0.1～0.5％的镁铝类水滑石，搅拌混合处理；
(5)将混合处理后的混合物料按质量百分比85～100％与水泥粉料混合，再加入占混合物料重量0.1～1％的活性氧化铝，加入适量的水，在强制式搅拌机或砂浆搅拌机中进行搅拌混合，形成浆料；
(6)将浆料注入试模，浇注成型；
(7)将注入浆料后的试模放在振动机上振动5min，去除气泡，加速胶凝材料的水热合成反应；
(8)表面处理：用刮刀将浆料表面刮平；
(9)24小时后脱模，经干燥后得到复合型板材。
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