CN105713022A - 一种苯并咪唑基喹啉亚铜配合物橙色磷光发光材料 - Google Patents
一种苯并咪唑基喹啉亚铜配合物橙色磷光发光材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- XSJAMRUTJCSRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C=3NC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=CC=C21 XSJAMRUTJCSRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 compound cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WOULRINQDJQFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-phosphanylphenyl)methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1P WOULRINQDJQFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000621 Bidens tripartita Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFNXCUNDYSYVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(3-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(P(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 LFNXCUNDYSYVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种晶型的基于苯并咪唑基喹啉的亚铜配合物橙色磷光材料及其制备方法。本发明的磷光配合物,由一价铜盐与配体络合得到,其分子结构为[Cu(2?QBI)(m?Tol3P)2]PF6,式中2?QBI和m?Tol3P为电中性杂环配体苯并咪唑基喹啉和三(间甲基苯基)膦。所述配合物既具备小分子易提纯和发光效率高的优点,而且具有高的热稳定性。该材料是由Cu(CH3CN)4PF6与配体的乙腈溶液直接混合反应得到,具有工艺简便、设备简单、原料易得且成本低等优点。该材料可作为光致发光橙色光磷光材料,也可用作多层有机材料组成的电致发光器件中的发光层磷光材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料技术领域,涉及光致发光材料领域和电致发光材料领域,特别是涉及有机电致发光材料领域。
背景技术
有机电致发光简称OEL,是有电能激发有机材料而发光的现象,早在上世纪60年代就已被发现,但由于缺乏明确应用前景而没有引起广泛的注意。自从1987年邓青云等发表有机发光二极管(OLED)的研究工作之后,这种情况就发生了戏剧性变化。简单地说,OLED是一种由多层有机薄膜结构形成的电致发光期间,它很容易制作而且只需要较低的驱动电压。OLED是一种高亮度、宽视觉、全固化的电致发光器件,具有其他显示器件无可比拟的优点:①功耗低,OLED无需背光照明,其驱动器功耗小;②响应速度快(数微秒至数十微秒),在显示活动图像中显得至关重要;③结构简单,成本低,不需要背景光源和滤光片,可制造出超薄、质量轻、易于携带的产品;④可实现宽视角,能实现高分辨率显示,高对比度;⑤采用玻璃衬底可实现大面积平板显示,如用柔性材料做衬底,能制成可折叠的显示器;⑥环境适应性强,具有良好的温度特性,可在低温环境下显示等。
在电致发光过程中,电子和空穴复合后,同时产生了单重态和三重态激子,按照自旋统计原则,单重态和三重态的激子数的比值为1∶3,由于三重态激子的辐射跃迁是禁阻的,大部分有机材料的三重态激子发光效率很低,且有机电致发光器件的效率无法超过25%。以金属元素为中心原子,其形成的配合物可以发生多种电子跃迁方式,因此有效利用了三重态能量,提高了其效率,实现接近理论值的100%。为了制备高发光效率的OLED器件,人们合成并研究了大量的过渡金属配合物,比如铱(Ir)、金(Au)、铂(Pt)等。到目前为止,基于磷光Ir配合物的OLED保持了最高的发光效率。但是铱在自然界中含量很低、且价格昂贵,严重阻碍了其商业化进展。目前主要采用两种办法降低OLED发光层的成本,一是引入具有热致延迟荧光效应不含金属的有机分子,这种分子的激发三重态能级和激发单重态能级非常接近,因此可以使能量从非辐射的三重态高效反隙间窜跃至辐射的单重态,从而得以提高有机电致发光的效率。另一种办法是引入低成本的磷光金属配合物,例如亚铜配合物。我国铜矿资源就有910处,总储量6234万吨位居世界第七。相对于那些过渡金属元素来说有明显的优势,主要有以下几个放面的原因:1、相对于五、六周期的贵金属,Cu的资源丰富、价格廉价、无毒对环境压力小;2、与铱配合物相同,亚铜配合物OLED的理论内量子效率可以达到100%;3、Cu(I)配合物的配位模式非常丰富,可以分别和2、3、4个配位原子配位,形成直线型、平面三角型、四面体结构的单核配合物以及一维、二维、三维等无线结构的多核配合物,具备独特的光物理性能。因此,基于一价铜配合物发光新材料的研究,具有非常重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。用Cu(I)配合物作为磷光材料由来已久(N.Armaroli,G.Accorsi,F.Cardinali,A.Listorti,Top.Curr.Chem.2007,280,69-115.),这种廉价的Cu(I)配合物发光材料可由Cu(I)离子和合适的有机配体方便地制备。Cu(I)配合物具有丰富的化学结构,其配位方式多变,配位数多种,在不同条件下可得到不同配位方式的亚铜配合物,性质也大不相同,为发光材料的研究提供了更多的可能性。只是目前在OLED工作温度范围Cu(I)配合物磷光材料的发光强度尚达不到应用需求。因此开发新型廉价的Cu(I)配合物磷光材料具有重大的实际应用价值。
发明内容
本发明内容的目的是提供一种橙色磷光亚铜配合物发光材料及其制备方法。通过亚铜离子与配体的溶液发生配位反应,方便且廉价地制备获得了发光性能和热稳定性能良好的亚铜配合物发光材料,其橙色磷光发光强度大、热稳定性好,而且其发光衰减特性非常符合OLED器件对材料磷光发光寿命的要求,将其应用于OLED发光层材料有利于产品成本降低。
本发明的技术方案之一,是提供一种新的橙色磷光亚铜配合物发光材料,由Cu(CH3CN)4PF6与配体依次发生配位反应得到,其分子结构为[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6,式中m-Tol3P为电中性膦配体三(间甲基苯基)膦,2-QBI为中性杂环配体苯并咪唑基喹啉。
所述配体苯并咪唑基喹啉,是苯并咪唑和喹啉的结合体,其分子结构如式(I):
所述配体中苯并咪唑结构中的质子化的N未参与配位,而其另一个N原子与喹啉结构中的N原子与亚铜离子形成双齿螯合配位。
所述发光材料为单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数为 α=90°,β=99.994(5)°,γ=90°,Z=4,DC=1.338g/cm3,材料的晶体颜色为橙色;该发光材料结构表现为离子型配合物,其中六氟磷酸根为抗衡阴离子,而阳离子则是由亚铜离子和配体2-QBI、m-Tol3P络合形成的配位阳离子;该配合物阳离子中亚铜离子采用CuN2P2四面体型配位模式,其中两个N分别来自于一个双齿螯合配体2-QBI中的喹啉基团和苯并咪唑基团,两个P来自于两个单齿膦配体m-Tol3P;其分子结构如式(II):
所述发光材料应用于橙色磷光材料,该材料受到很宽波长范围(300-500nm)的紫外光或可见光的激发,都能发出很强的橙色光,其最大发光波长为605nm,色坐标为(0.5984,0.4010),发光寿命为7.3微秒。
本发明的技术方案之二,是提供一种橙色磷光亚铜配合物发光材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6的制备方法。该制备方法是由Cu(CH3CN)4PF6与配体2-QBI和m-Tol3P的乙腈溶液混合发生配位反应,最后析出得到晶体粉末的产物而实现。其具体实施方案分为五步骤:
(1)室温下将Cu(CH3CN)4PF6粉末溶解在乙腈中;
(2)室温下将m-Tol3P粉末溶解在乙腈中;
(3)将所述述两种溶液混合,并搅拌使之充分反应,得到澄清溶液A;
(4)室温下将2-QBI粉末溶解在乙腈中,再加入溶液A中混合搅拌,使之充分发生配位反应得溶液B;
(5)在溶液B中加入异丙醇,在室温下进行减压蒸发,真空干燥,得到橙色晶体产物。
本发明制备方法中,所述三种反应物的摩尔比Cu(CH3CN)4PF6∶m-Tol3P∶2-QBI为1∶2∶1。
本发明的有益效果首先是所提供的橙色磷光亚铜配合物发光材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6,其中引入的苯并咪唑基团和喹啉基团有利于分子激发态发光,金属Cu到配体的电荷跃迁(MLCT)的存在有效促进系间窜越,而大量苯环等基团的存在,以及p-Tol3P上取代基甲基的存在,造成Cu(I)周围配体存在有效空间位阻,可抑制分子激发态的非辐射衰减,配体2-QBI和m-Tol3P都为多芳环的配体,都具有很大的刚性特征,因而该分子材料具有好的磷光发射性能。该配合物材料既具备廉价和易于纯化的优点,而且具有很好的溶解性和热稳定性,为发光材料的进一步应用提供了技术支持。
本发明的有益效果,其次是制备橙色磷光亚铜配合物发光材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6的方法,具有工艺简便,所用设备简单,生产成本低,可以在很短的时间内得到具有很高产率的产物等优点。
附图说明
图1.磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6分子的单晶结构图。
图2.磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6分子在单胞内及其周边空间的堆积图。
图3.磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6的紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)光谱图。
图4.磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6晶体样品在420纳米波长光激发下测定的光发射谱图。
图5.磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6晶体样品在605纳米监控波长下测定的激发谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实现过程和材料的性能由实施例说明:
实施例1
大量的磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6晶体样品的制备:称量0.037g(0.1mmol)的Cu(CH3CN)4PF6,0.061g(0.2mmol)的m-Tol3P,0.024g(0.1mmol)的2-QBI;分别用5ml的乙腈溶解后依次混合,充分搅拌使之充分发生配位反应,得到橙红色澄清溶液;在上述溶液中加入少量异丙醇,并在室温下旋蒸除去所有溶剂,最终得到橙色晶体产物,产率为90%(以Cu计算)。
实施例2
合成橙色磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6的单晶:称量0.037g(0.1mmol)的Cu(CH3CN)4PF6,0.061g(0.2mmol)的m-Tol3P,0.024g(0.1mmol)的2-QBI;分别用3ml的乙腈溶解后依次混合,充分搅拌使之充分发生配位反应,得到橙红色澄清溶液;过滤并减压浓缩后,在溶液上层覆盖异丙醇促使产物结晶,静置几天后有大量橙色块状晶体析出。挑选一颗0.42mm*0.40mm*0.35mm尺寸的橙色块状晶体用于X-射线单晶结构测试。该化合物的分子结构图示于附图1,其晶胞堆积结构图示于附图2。
对橙色磷光配合物材料[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)2]PF6的纯相晶体样品进行了一些列性能测试。对本发明材料晶体进行了稳态荧光测试,结果表明该材料在不同的而激发波长作用下,都能发射出强烈的橙色荧光,色坐标值为(0.5984,0.4010),具体的激发光谱和发射光谱如附图4和附图5所示。而对该材料的瞬态荧光测试表明,其发光寿命为7.3微秒,属于磷光发射。可见,该材料可应用于多种波长激发的橙色磷光材料,也非常适合用于OLED发光层的橙色磷光材料。
Claims (4)
1.一种晶型的基于苯并咪唑基喹啉的亚铜配合物橙色磷光材料,其特征在于:发光材料的结构式为[Cu(2-QBI)(m-Tol3P)]PF6,式中m-Tol3P为电中性膦配体三(间甲基苯基)膦;式中2-QBI为中性杂环配体苯并咪唑基喹啉,该配体是苯并咪唑和喹啉基团的结合体,其分子结构如式(I):
上述配合物磷光材料为单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数为 α=90°,β=99.994(5)°,γ=90°,Z=4,DC=1.338g/cm3,材料的晶体颜色为橙色;该发光材料结构表现为离子型配合物,其中六氟磷酸根为抗衡阴离子,而阳离子则是由亚铜离子和配体2-QBI、m-Tol3P络合形成的配位阳离子;该配合物阳离子中亚铜离子采用CuN2P2四面体型配位模式,其中两个N分别来自于一个双齿螯合配体2-QBI中的喹啉基团和苯并咪唑基团,两个P来自于两个单齿膦配体m-Tol3P;其分子结构如式(II):
2.根据权利要求1所述亚铜配合物橙色磷光材料的制备方法,其方法包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下将Cu(CH3CN)4PF6粉末溶解在乙腈中;
(2)室温下将m-Tol3P粉末溶解在乙腈中;
(3)将所述述两种溶液混合,并搅拌使之充分反应,得到澄清溶液A;
(4)室温下将2-QBI粉末溶解在乙腈中,再加入溶液A中混合搅拌,使之充分发生配位反应得溶液B;
(5)在溶液B中加入异丙醇,在室温下进行减压蒸发,真空干燥,得到橙色晶体产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述亚铜配合物橙色磷光材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的三种反应物的摩尔比Cu(CH3CN)4PF6∶m-Tol3P∶2-QBI为1∶2∶1。
4.根据权利要求1所述亚铜配合物橙色磷光材料的应用,其特征在于所述发光材料在605nm处有最大发射峰,可作为橙光发射光致发光材料,或用作多层电致发光器件中的发光层发光材料。
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