CN105695762A - Solid slag ignition method applicable to electro-slag remelting - Google Patents
Solid slag ignition method applicable to electro-slag remelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105695762A CN105695762A CN201610216996.9A CN201610216996A CN105695762A CN 105695762 A CN105695762 A CN 105695762A CN 201610216996 A CN201610216996 A CN 201610216996A CN 105695762 A CN105695762 A CN 105695762A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid slag ignition method applicable to electro-slag remelting and belongs to the technical field of special melting. The solid slag ignition method comprises the following steps: determining the size and the quantity of arc starting plates according to the size of a consumable electrode; uniformly distributing a plurality of the arc starting plates around the circular center of an ingot protecting plate, and fixing the arc starting plates with the ingot protecting plate, wherein an interval is formed between every two adjacent arc starting plates; laying a slag material fully around each arc starting plate, and cleaning the surface of each arc starting plate; assembling a crystallizer, lifting the crystallizer into a melting station, and then placing the consumable electrode, wherein the consumable electrode is aligned with the circular center of the ingot protecting plate; and supplying power for arc starting. By adoption of the solid slag ignition method provided by the invention, the defects in an original solid slag ignition method are overcome. According to the novel solid slag ignition method, the arc starting plates are reasonably arranged above the ingot protecting plate and filling of the slag material is achieved, so that the maintenance ratio and the maintenance cost of the assembled crystallizer can be obviously reduced, that is, the maintenance cost of the assembled crystallizer can be reduced by 20% or above.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid slag suitable in electroslag remelting to ignite method, belong to special smelting technical field。
Background technology
The resistance heat that electroslag remelting produces when being and utilize electric current in water mold by slag is by metal or alloy refuse and refine, and consecutive solidification becomes a kind of extraordinary metallurgical method of steel ingot or foundry goods。
The mode that electroslag remelting ignites generally has two kinds: melt cinder ignites and consolidates slag and ignites。The melt cinder method of igniting is to use graphite electrode to ignite Conductive Slag in water mold, is then dividedly in some parts the slag charge prepared, until slag charge change gradually under the function of current clear after, change metal consumable electrode。Gu the slag method of igniting is in water mold, using metal consumable electrode to ignite special run-on tab, be then dividedly in some parts pre-melted slag, slag charge is changed clear gradually under the function of current, and whole process does not need to change electrode。Owing to graphite phosphorus content is high, the method therefore smelting suprelow carbon steel being not suitable for adopting melt cinder to ignite。It addition, gas shield electroslag furnace whole process is all smelt under inert gas shielding, exchange electrode can destroy closed gas protection environment, and therefore gas shield electroslag furnace is generally adopted the method that solid slag ignites。
The principle Gu slag ignites is as it is shown in figure 1, protect ingot plate 1, and the sheet metal adopting thickness to be 6-12mm is made, and pad is on end crystallizer, and its effect is the infringement from electric arc " arcing " of the protection end copper plate of crystallizer；Run-on tab 2 adopts same steel grade or close steel grade to be made, and diameter should be equal with electrode diameter, the general 20-35mm of thickness, and its effect is to ignite；Consutrode 3, by adopting the casting rod needing electroslag remelting steel grade or forging rolling rod as consutrode；Slag charge 4, Gu the slag starting the arc generally adopts the finished product pre-melted slag that factory has made；Electric arc 5, electroslag remelting generally adopts low-voltage, the mode of big electric current (alternating current) produces electric arc。Gu the slag starting the arc initial stage, the heat melts slag charge produced by " arcing " electric discharge between consutrode 3 and run-on tab 5, by producing electric conductivity after solid state into liquid state after solid-state slag charge 4 melted by heat；Electric current melts more solid-state slag charge gradually by the heat produced after molten slag, ultimately forms liquid slag bath。
Existing solid slag mode of igniting generally uses a monoblock with the test piece of steel grade or close steel grade as run-on tab, the size of run-on tab should be equal with electrode diameter, but generally in actual production process, for simple flow and reduction production cost, taking the mode two or more than two welded together with steel grade or close steel grade low power pickling test piece (waste material) to replace monoblock run-on tab, the spliced diameter of polylith run-on tab need to approximate electrode diameter。
Generally placing one piece of big circular slice or polylith sequin closely at Hu Dingban center as run-on tab, the bottom of disk is welded with protecting ingot plate, then places a little slag charge around run-on tab。Gu slag ignites the initial stage, the electric current extremely unstable between consutrode and run-on tab, fluctuation is very big, for 300-30000A not etc.。If it is too thin to protect ingot plate, do not have protective effect, it is easy to punctured (big electric current even can will protect ingot plate moment easily and puncture) by electric current, cause that copper plate of crystallizer is impaired。
Between starting the arc initial stage big electric current and run-on tab " arcing ", produce huge heat, if these heats are not used for fusing slag charge, can cause protecting ingot plate and run-on tab (steel plate) is melted, even puncture。After puncturing, excessive electric current heat can not be taken away by the cooling water under end crystallizer, can cause that copper coin moment is melted, and forms many " pitting "。
Therefore, the existing solid slag method of igniting has the disadvantage in that 1) after big electric current punctures and protect ingot plate, crystallizer bottom water case is easily ignited the big circuit damage at initial stage so that frequently, maintenance cost is high, and service life is low in maintenance；2) protect ingot plate breakdown rear easy " leakage slag ", affect electric conductivity。
Summary of the invention
Not enough for prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new solid slag being applicable to electroslag remelting and ignite method。The method is particularly well-suited to the high-current leading combustion phase at electroslag remelting initial stage, after using the method to produce electroslag ingot so that the service life of copper plate of crystallizer at the bottom of electroslag furnace significantly improves, and maintenance rate is greatly lowered, notable through permanence operation after improvement。
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of solid slag suitable in electroslag remelting ignites method, comprises the steps:
Step one, the size according to consutrode, select size and the number of run-on tab；
Some described run-on tabs are evenly distributed on around the center protecting ingot plate by step 2, and are fixed with the described ingot plate that protects respectively, there is space between adjacent described run-on tab；
Step 3, is paved with slag charge at each described, cleans the surface of each described run-on tab around run-on tab；
Step 4, assembles crystallizer, and described crystallizer is hung in melting station, then places consutrode, described consutrode and the described center centering protecting ingot plate；
Step 5, be energized the starting the arc。
The know-why of extraordinary Forging Technology provided by the invention is as follows:
The underface being evenly distributed on around Hu Dingban center by some run-on tabs i.e. consutrode；All being paved with slag charge between adjacent run-on tab and around each run-on tab, run-on tab is not attached to namely there is a fixed gap between adjacent run-on tab mutually。At the electroslag starting the arc initial stage, the electric current flow through from consutrode is diverted to each run-on tab equably, and the slag charge being laid on around run-on tab is fused into rapidly melt cinder by the heat of generation。There is also certain gap between run-on tab, so can also be beneficial to the flowing of melt cinder, quickly form molten bath。The impact to end crystallizer of the big electric current can also be reduced simultaneously。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, and as a kind of preferred implementation, the area ratio of the cross-sectional area of described consutrode and the circumscribed circle formed around some described run-on tabs is 0.93-1.05 (such as 0.95,0.98,1.02)。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, and as a kind of preferred implementation, described run-on tab is patty；Number is three pieces or four pieces。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, and as a kind of preferred implementation, between adjacent described run-on tab, minimum aperture is 0.5 times of the diameter of described run-on tab。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, and as a kind of preferred implementation, in step one, the thickness of described run-on tab is 20-30mm (such as 22mm, 25mm, 28mm), and the relation of the diameter d of described run-on tab and the diameter D of described consutrode is as follows:
If selecting three pieces of run-on tabs, then d≤D/ (1+31/2), it is preferable that D/ (1+2*31/2)≤d≤D/(1+31/2)；
If selecting four pieces of run-on tabs, then d≤D/ (1+1.5*21/2), it is preferable that D/ (1+3*21/2)≤d≤D/(1+1.5*21/2)。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, as a kind of preferred implementation, selects three pieces of run-on tabs in step one；And, if the diameter of consutrode is 330mm, then the diameter of run-on tab is 75-120mm；If the diameter of consutrode is 460mm, then the diameter 100-165mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 560mm, then the diameter 125-200mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 810mm, then the diameter 180-292mm of run-on tab。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, as a kind of preferred implementation, selects four pieces of run-on tabs in step one；And, if the diameter of consutrode is 330mm, then the diameter 63-105mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 460mm, then the diameter 88-150mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 560mm, then the diameter 106-180mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 810mm, then the diameter 154-260mm of run-on tab。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, as a kind of preferred implementation, in step 2, some described run-on tabs be evenly distributed on described in protect the pericentral mode of ingot plate and be: the center of each described run-on tab is equal with the described centre distance protecting ingot plate, and each described run-on tab is in being angularly distributed；It is highly preferred that described fixing mode is welding。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, as a kind of preferred implementation, in step 3, described slag charge lay the height thickness slightly below described run-on tab；It is highly preferred that the laying of described slag charge is highly the 80-90% of the thickness of described run-on tab。
Above-mentioned solid slag ignites method, and as a kind of preferred implementation, in step 3, the weight of described slag charge is 10-40kg (such as 15kg, 20kg, 25kg, 30kg, 35kg)。The laying weight of slag charge is generally determined by remelting ingot shape size, and ingot shape is more big, lays slag charge weight slightly some more。If early stage is laid slightly some more, then the later stage adds and fashionable will add a bit less。
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The cake type run-on tab that one monoblock or polylith are spliced by prior art is welded on and protects on ingot plate, when igniting, big current convergence is by middle cake type run-on tab, the arc heat major part produced is for melting run-on tab rather than slag charge, so frequently can lead to protect ingot plate when slag charge is not also changed clear just breakdown。Present invention improves over original solid slag to ignite the deficiency of method, take new method protecting on ingot plate reasonable Arrangement run-on tab and be filled with slag charge so that maintenance rate and the maintenance cost of end crystallizer substantially reduce。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 ignites principle schematic for solid slag；
Fig. 2 adopts the run-on tab that the present invention improves front and back to arrange and slag charge filling schematic diagram, wherein: (a), for before improvement, (b) is for after improving；
Fig. 3 is that in the embodiment of the present invention 1, run-on tab is arranged and slag charge filling schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, run-on tab is arranged and slag charge filling schematic diagram。
Fig. 5 is that in the embodiment of the present invention 3, run-on tab is arranged and slag charge filling schematic diagram。
Wherein, 1-protects ingot plate；2-run-on tab；3-consutrode；4-slag charge；5-electric arc。
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme is described in further detail by example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing。
Fig. 2 adopts the run-on tab that the present invention improves front and back to arrange and slag charge filling schematic diagram。A kind of solid slag suitable in electroslag remelting provided by the invention ignites method, is evenly distributed on by some run-on tabs being spaced from and protects around the ingot plate center of circle, then is paved with slag charge in centre。The method can ensure that 1) at the electroslag starting the arc initial stage, the electric current flow through from consutrode is diverted to each run-on tab equably, and the slag charge being laid on around run-on tab is fused into rapidly melt cinder by the heat of generation；2) gap between run-on tab is conducive to slag flow, quickly forms molten bath；3) impact to end crystallizer of the big electric current is reduced, hence it is evident that reduce maintenance rate and the maintenance cost of end crystallizer。
The method specifically includes following steps:
Step one, the size according to consutrode, select size and the number of run-on tab。Generally run-on tab should be preferably use a monoblock in the prior art, and should be same steel grade, but in order to reduce cost in actual production process, it is common to use discarded low power pickling test portion (sequin) of close steel grade bar is as an alternative。If test portion specification is little, it is possible to four pieces even five pieces will be used, if test portion specification is big, it is possible to just only use one piece or two pieces。Diameter according to consutrode in the present invention, select three pieces or four pieces with steel grade cake as run-on tab。
Consutrode is as follows with crystallizer size relationship: the cross-sectional area of consutrode/crystallizer cross-sectional area=relative cylinder charge, and relative cylinder charge is generally 0.2-0.6, it is preferred to 0.5-0.6, is specifically determined by parameters such as equipment, Factory Building, supplied materials mother metal, techniques。
The diameter d of run-on tab, the relation of the diameter D of consutrode is as follows:
(1) if selecting three pieces of run-on tabs, usually d≤D/ (1+31/2)=0.366D, it is preferred that D/ (1+2*31/2)≤d≤D/(1+31/2), i.e. 0.224D≤d≤0.366D；
Usually,
Adopting 3T ingot shape crystallizer, 330mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 75-120mm。
Adopting 5T ingot shape crystallizer, 460mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 100-165mm。
Adopting 8T ingot shape crystallizer, 560mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 125-200mm。
Adopt 16T ingot shape crystallizer, 810mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter 180-292mm。
(2) if selecting four pieces of run-on tabs, usually d≤D/ (1+1.5*21/2)=0.32D, it is preferred that D/ (1+3*21/2)≤d≤D/(1+1.5*21/2), i.e. 0.19D≤d≤0.32D；
Usually,
Adopting 3T ingot shape crystallizer, 330mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 63-105mm。
Adopting 5T ingot shape crystallizer, 460mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 88-150mm。
Adopting 8T ingot shape crystallizer, 560mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 106-180mm。
Adopting 16T ingot shape crystallizer, 810mm consutrode, then run-on tab diameter is 154-260mm。
Step 2, protects described in being evenly distributed on by some described run-on tabs around the center of ingot plate, and is fixed with the described ingot plate that protects, be not attached to mutually between described run-on tab。
Preferably, each described run-on tab is equal with the described centre distance protecting ingot plate, and each described run-on tab is in being angularly distributed。
Specifically, should be the center of circle with Hu Dingban center, the circumference of certain radius is outer evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and fixing run-on tab, and the edge of each described run-on tab is tangent with described circumference, if selecting run-on tab is three pieces, then each run-on tab is circumferentially in 120 ° of distributions (referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), if selecting run-on tab is four pieces, then each run-on tab is circumferentially in 90 ° of distributions (referring to Fig. 5)；Each run-on tab is all circumscribed with this circumference, and the external diameter of a circle formed around multiple run-on tabs or cross-sectional area approximate diameter or the cross-sectional area of consutrode, preferably, the cross-sectional area of consutrode is 0.93-1.05 with the area ratio of the circumscribed circle formed around some described run-on tabs；Fixing mode is generally welding。
Step 3, is paved with slag charge around run-on tab, the gap between the populated run-on tab of slag charge, and slag charge keeps after laying that run-on tab surface is clean, cleaning, and electric conductivity is good。Slag charge is laid and is not highly generally higher than run-on tab thickness, and otherwise easily being got by slag charge affects starting the arc electric conductivity on run-on tab face。Preferably the laying of described slag charge is highly the 80-90% of the thickness of described run-on tab。The laying weight of slag charge is generally determined by remelting ingot shape size, and ingot shape is more big, lays slag charge weight slightly some more；If early stage is laid slightly some more, then the later stage adds and fashionable will add a bit less；The present invention generally uses 10-30Kg。
Step 4, assembles crystallizer, is hung in melting station, places consutrode。
Step 5, be energized the starting the arc。
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment selects 16T ingot shape crystallizer, bottom surface diameter 1065mm, consutrode diameter 810mm；Use diameter 1260mm, the Q235 steel plate of thickness 12mm protects ingot plate。Fig. 3 is that in the method, run-on tab is arranged and slag charge filling schematic diagram。Gu slag ignites, method specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) select diameter to be 200mm, thickness be three pieces of 30mm with steel grade disk as run-on tab；
(2) it is run-on tab selected in three pieces of steps (1) of 120 ° of directions welding being about 200mm place from Hu Dingban center；
(3) being paved with fritting slag charge around run-on tab, the gap between the populated three pieces of run-on tabs of slag charge, the height thickness slightly below run-on tab laid by slag charge。The slag charge weight 25Kg laid。After slag charge is laid, need to keep that run-on tab surface is clean, cleaning, good conductivity。
Adopting the solid slag that the present embodiment provides to ignite method, maintenance rate and the maintenance cost of end crystallizer substantially reduce, and end crystallizer maintenance cost reduces by more than 20%。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment selects 8T ingot shape crystallizer, bottom surface diameter 757mm, consutrode diameter 560mm；Use diameter 900mm, the Q235 steel plate of thickness 12mm protects ingot plate。Fig. 4 is that in the method, run-on tab is arranged and slag charge filling schematic diagram。Gu slag ignites, method specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) to select diameter be 160mm, thickness is that the same steel grade disk of 25mm is as run-on tab；
(2) it is run-on tab selected in three pieces of steps (1) of 120 ° of directions welding being about 120mm place from Hu Dingban center；
(3) being paved with fritting slag charge around run-on tab, the gap between the populated three pieces of run-on tabs of slag charge, the height thickness slightly below run-on tab laid by slag charge。The slag charge weight 20Kg laid。After slag charge is laid, need to keep that run-on tab surface is clean, cleaning, good conductivity。
Adopting the solid slag that the present embodiment provides to ignite method, maintenance rate and the maintenance cost of end crystallizer substantially reduce, and end crystallizer maintenance cost reduces by more than 20%。
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment selects 8T ingot shape crystallizer, bottom surface diameter 757mm, consutrode diameter 560mm；Use diameter 900mm, the Q235 steel plate of thickness 12mm protects ingot plate。Fig. 5 is that in the method, run-on tab is arranged and slag charge filling schematic diagram。Gu slag ignites, method specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) to select diameter be 160mm, thickness is that the same steel grade disk of 25mm is as run-on tab；
(2) it is run-on tab selected in four pieces of steps (1) of 90 ° of directions welding being about 200mm place from Hu Dingban center；
(3) being paved with fritting slag charge around run-on tab, the gap between the populated four pieces of run-on tabs of slag charge, the height thickness slightly below run-on tab laid by slag charge。The slag charge weight 20Kg laid。After slag charge is laid, need to keep that run-on tab surface is clean, cleaning, good conductivity。
Adopting the solid slag that the present embodiment provides to ignite method, maintenance rate and the maintenance cost of end crystallizer substantially reduce, and end crystallizer maintenance cost reduces by more than 20%。
The technological parameter interval bound value of the present invention and interval value can realize this law, embodiment numerous to list herein。
Claims (10)
1. the solid slag being applicable to electroslag remelting ignites method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step one, the size according to consutrode, select size and the number of run-on tab；
Some described run-on tabs are evenly distributed on around the center protecting ingot plate by step 2, and are fixed with the described ingot plate that protects respectively, there is space between adjacent described run-on tab；
Step 3, is paved with slag charge at each described, cleans the surface of each described run-on tab around run-on tab；
Step 4, assembles crystallizer, and described crystallizer is hung in melting station, then places described consutrode, described consutrode and the described center centering protecting ingot plate；
Step 5, be energized the starting the arc。
2. consolidate slag according to claim 1 to ignite method, it is characterised in that the area ratio of the cross-sectional area of described consutrode and the circumscribed circle formed around some described run-on tabs is 0.93-1.05。
3. consolidate slag according to claim 1 to ignite method, it is characterised in that described run-on tab is patty；Number is three pieces or four pieces。
4. consolidate slag according to claim 3 to ignite method, it is characterised in that between adjacent described run-on tab, minimum aperture is 0.5 times of the diameter of described run-on tab。
5. consolidate slag according to claim 3 to ignite method, it is characterised in that in step one, the thickness of described run-on tab is 20-30mm, and the relation of the diameter d of described run-on tab and the diameter D of described consutrode is as follows:
If selecting three pieces of run-on tabs, then d≤D/ (1+31/2), it is preferable that D/ (1+2*31/2)≤d≤D/(1+31/2)；
If selecting four pieces of run-on tabs, then d≤D/ (1+1.5*21/2), it is preferable that D/ (1+3*21/2)≤d≤D/(1+1.5*21/2)。
6. consolidate slag according to claim 3 to ignite method, it is characterised in that step one is selected three pieces of described run-on tabs；And, if the diameter of consutrode is 330mm, then the diameter of run-on tab is 75-120mm；If the diameter of consutrode is 460mm, then the diameter 100-165mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 560mm, then the diameter 125-200mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 810mm, then the diameter 180-292mm of run-on tab。
7. consolidate slag according to claim 3 to ignite method, it is characterised in that step one is selected four pieces of described run-on tabs；And, if the diameter of consutrode is 330mm, then the diameter 63-105mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 460mm, then the diameter 88-150mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 560mm, then the diameter 106-180mm of run-on tab；If the diameter of consutrode is 810mm, then the diameter 154-260mm of run-on tab。
8. solid slag according to any one of claim 1 to 7 ignites method, it is characterized in that, in step 2, some described run-on tabs protect the pericentral mode of ingot plate and are described in being evenly distributed on: each described run-on tab is equal with the described centre distance protecting ingot plate, and each described run-on tab is in being angularly distributed；Preferably, described fixing mode is welding。
9. solid slag according to any one of claim 1 to 7 ignites method, it is characterised in that in step 3, described slag charge lay the height thickness slightly below described run-on tab；It is highly preferred that the laying of described slag charge is highly the 80-90% of the thickness of described run-on tab。
10. solid slag according to any one of claim 1 to 7 ignites method, it is characterised in that in step 3, the weight of described slag charge is 10-40kg。
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| CN113430392A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-24 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Efficient arc striking method for large-end-face electrode blank for electroslag smelting |
| CN113430392B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-07-01 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Efficient arc striking method for large-end-face electrode blank for electroslag smelting |
| CN113832352A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-24 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Electroslag process for controlling ingot tail defects of electroslag ingot |
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