CN105688960A - 一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DFCYEXJMCFQPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(III) nitrate Inorganic materials [Sc+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DFCYEXJMCFQPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BXJPTTGFESFXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O BXJPTTGFESFXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- OQUOOEBLAKQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O[N+]([O-])=O OQUOOEBLAKQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BOJUHNOLOKDHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Pr] BOJUHNOLOKDHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPFZYNPDAIWERQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sm] IPFZYNPDAIWERQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BEDFIBPNPHRGDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Y] BEDFIBPNPHRGDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018512 Al—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphonium ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUIUNVKEQBISAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sc] QUIUNVKEQBISAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂,其特征在于催化剂由四氧化三钴、金属助剂氧化物、磷酸铝和氧化铝组成,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:金属助剂氧化物:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.1-0.25:0.01-0.07:0.02-0.2:1。本发明具有高稳定,性适用于浆态床或固定床反应器的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂及制备方法和应用,具体地说是一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
费托合成反应是CO催化加氢生成烃类化合物的过程,其产物环境友好,不含芳烃、硫化物以及氮化合物等,受到了日益广泛的关注。用于费托合成反应的钴基催化剂具有较高的链增长能力,对水煤气变换反应不敏感,在反应过程中稳定、不易积炭和中毒、产物中含氧化合物少,CO转化可接近理论转化率。
沉淀法制备的活性氧化铝由于比表面积大、孔容大、孔分布集中、活性中心多,可以满足催化剂高选择性和高反应活性的要求,被广泛用作钴基催化剂载体。然而氧化铝的水热稳定性差,很容易在费托合成反应的水热条件下进行水合反应,促使氧化铝颗粒间Al-O-Al桥键不断形成,生成拟薄水铝石或者氢氧化铝,同时形貌发生改变,造成氧化铝比表面积大幅下降、孔结构破坏,负载其上的金属脱落,最终导致催化剂失活。为了保证氧化铝负载钴催化剂的有效使用,需要采取措施对氧化铝载体进行改性,以改善其作为载体的催化稳定性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种适用于浆态床或固定床反应器,高稳定性的负载型钴基费托合成催化剂及制备方法和应用。
在氧化铝结构中引入磷离子对氧化铝作为载体的水热稳定性和抑制相变具有显著影响,若能有效地去除氧化铝表面的羟基和阴、阳离子空穴就可改善氧化铝的水热稳定性,阻止相变发生并维持其氧化铝固有孔道结构高比表面积。
本发明在氧化铝前驱体的制备过程中引入PO4 3-,Al-OH被不易脱除的P-OH取代,在前驱体焙烧过程中从-3价变至+5价,引入的PO4 3-与Al2O3之间形成无定型的磷酸铝AlPO4,覆盖在Al2O3表面,消除了表面阴离子空穴,提高了焙烧后氧化铝水热稳定性,从而提高了负载钴催化剂的费托合成稳定性。
本发明催化剂由四氧化三钴、金属助剂氧化物、磷酸铝和氧化铝组成,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:金属助剂氧化物:磷酸铝:氧化铝=(0.1-0.25):(0.01-0.07):(0.02-0.2):1。
如上所述的金属助剂氧化物为氧化钐、氧化钪、氧化钇或氧化镨中的一种。
本发明催化剂的制备方法如下:
(1)按最终催化剂组成,称取硝酸配制成水溶液A,称取偏铝酸钠配制成水溶液B,再称取磷源配制成水溶液C,A溶液体积=B溶液体积+C溶液体积,其中,硝酸水溶液的浓度为0.1-2.5mol/L,硝酸的物质的量:(偏铝酸钠的物质的量+磷源的物质的量)=(0.98-1.05):1;
(2)先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴50-85℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同,溶液B沉淀完毕后,将溶液A和溶液C在相同温度的水浴下继续进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,B、C体积流量相同;
(3)沉淀完毕后,在70-85℃下老化2-24h;
(4)老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于1ppm,然后过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于90-120℃干燥10-24h得到含磷铝前驱体,将得到的前驱体于400-650℃焙烧4-10h,得到含磷氧化铝载体;
(5)按最终催化剂组成,称取硝酸钴和可溶性助剂金属盐溶于水配制溶液,等体积浸渍于上述含磷氧化铝载体,90-120℃下干燥10-24h,300-400℃焙烧4-10h,制得最终催化剂。
如上所述的磷源为磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸钠的一种。
如上所述的可溶性助剂金属盐为硝酸钐、硝酸钪、硝酸钇或硝酸镨中的一种。
如上所述的费托合成钴基催化剂,可以在固定床反应器中进行还原、反应;还原条件为:350-450℃,0.3-1.5MPa,体积空速GHSV=300-1000h-1,恒温12-24h,采用氮中氢还原气,H2含量为15%-85%(v/v);反应条件为:170-230℃,2.0-5.0Mpa,体积空速GHSV=700-2500h-1,H2/CO(v/v)=2.0-2.5。
如上所述的费托合成钴基催化剂,可以在浆态床反应器中进行还原、反应;还原条件为:270-320℃,0.2-1.2MPa,体积空速GHSV=500-800h-1,恒温12-36h,采用氮中氢还原气,H2含量为15%-85%(v/v),转速为400-800rpm;反应条件为:170-230℃,2.0-3.0MPa,体积空速GHSV=700-2000h-1,H2/CO(v/v)=2.0-3.0,转速为400-800rpm。
本发明含磷氧化铝负载钴催化剂与现有费托合成钴基催化剂相比,在水热反应条件下,焙烧后氧化铝能维持固有孔道结构和高比表面积,提高了水热稳定性,阻止了氧化铝相变,从而提高了负载钴催化剂费托合成稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面实施例将对本发明做进一步说明,本发明的保护范围并不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取1909g66wt%的浓硝酸配制成40L水溶液A,称取1804g偏铝酸钠配制成35L水溶液B,再称取312.8g磷酸二氢钠配制成5L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴60℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在60℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在80℃下老化4h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于100℃干燥10h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于550℃焙烧6h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取1746g六水合硝酸钴和88.9g六水合硝酸钐配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,65℃下干燥24h,300℃焙烧8h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化钐:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.2:0.01:0.2:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:370℃,0.5MPa,恒温12h,1000h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为25%(v/v)。反应条件为:170℃,3.0MPa,700h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.3。评价结果:CO转化率45.1%,CH4选择性为1.3%,720h内失活率为0.01%。
取上述催化剂20ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,320℃,0.1MPa,500h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为15%(v/v),恒温12h,600rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为175℃,2.0MPa,700h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=2.2,600rpm。评价结果:CO转化率45.5%,CH4选择性为1.2%,720h内失活率为0.02%。
实施例2:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取1286g98wt%的发烟硝酸配制成20L水溶液A,称取1722g偏铝酸钠配制成19L水溶液B,再称取178.2g磷酸氢二钠配制成1L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴70℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在70℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在90℃下老化2h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于90℃干燥24h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于400℃焙烧10h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取2182.5g六水合硝酸钴和129g六水合硝酸钪配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,90℃下干燥24h,300℃焙烧10h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化钪:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.25:0.03:0.1:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:450℃,0.3MPa,恒温15h,300h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为70%(v/v),。反应条件为:180℃,2.0MPa,1000h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.5。评价结果:CO转化率52.6%,CH4选择性为3.9%,720h内失活率为0.03%。
取上述催化剂10ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,300℃,0.4MPa,700h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为80%(v/v),恒温36h,750rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为185℃,2.2MPa,1000h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=2.2,700rpm。评价结果:CO转化率50.5%,CH4选择性为3.4%,720h内失活率为0.05%。
实施例3:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取926.5g68wt%的浓硝酸配制成10L水溶液A,称取828.2g偏铝酸钠配制成9.75L水溶液B,再称取27.9g磷酸钠配制成0.25L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴50℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在50℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在70℃下老化24h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于100℃干燥8h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于500℃焙烧8h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取873g六水合硝酸钴和130.6g六水合硝酸镨配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,100℃下干燥20h,320℃焙烧8h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化镨:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.2:0.01:0.02:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:360℃,0.6MPa,恒温16h,600h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为25%(v/v),。反应条件为:190℃,2.5MPa,1500h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.2。评价结果:CO转化率45.3%,CH4选择性为5.7%,720h内失活率为0.07%。
取上述催化剂10ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,340℃,0.5MPa,900h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为70%(v/v),恒温18h,720rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为195℃,2.8MPa,1200h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=3.0,850rpm。评价结果:CO转化率49.5%,CH4选择性为5.0%,720h内失活率为0.11%。
实施例4:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取1894.7g66.5wt%的浓硝酸配制成8L水溶液A,称取1681g偏铝酸钠配制成7.3L水溶液B,再称取78.2g磷酸二氢钠配制0.7L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴80℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在80℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在85℃下老化4h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于120℃干燥12h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于700℃焙烧5h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取873g六水合硝酸钴和153.2g六水合硝酸钇配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,95℃下干燥18h,340℃焙烧6h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化钇:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.1:0.02:0.05:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:310℃,0.6MPa,恒温18h,600h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为30%(v/v),。反应条件为:200℃,2.5MPa,1800h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.0。评价结果:CO转化率51.3%,CH4选择性为6.6%,720h内失活率为0.12%。
取上述催化剂10ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,350℃,0.1MPa,1000h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为60%(v/v),恒温36h,600rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为205℃,2.5MPa,1500h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=2.0,700rpm。评价结果:CO转化率62.8%,CH4选择性为6.8%,720h内失活率为0.15%。
实施例5:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取1928.6g98wt%的发烟硝酸配制成80L水溶液A,称取2644.5g偏铝酸钠配制成76L水溶液B,再称取401.0g磷酸氢二钠配制成4L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴80℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在80℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在85℃下老化6h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于120℃干燥10h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于750℃焙烧5h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取3273.8g六水合硝酸钴和533.4g六水合硝酸钐配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,100℃下干燥16h,380℃焙烧4h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化钐:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.25:0.04:0.15:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:400℃,0.5MPa,恒温24h,800h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为20%(v/v),。反应条件为:210℃,2.0MPa,2000h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.5。评价结果:CO转化率65.5%,CH4选择性为8.5%,720h内失活率为0.17%。
取上述催化剂10ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,270℃,01.2MPa,500h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为85%(v/v),恒温36h,700rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为215℃,1.5MPa,1800h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=2.2,600rpm。评价结果:CO转化率58.8%,CH4选择性为7.7%,720h内失活率为0.18%。
实施例6:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取940.3g98wt%的浓硝酸配制成40L水溶液A,称取840.5g偏铝酸钠配制成38L水溶液B,再称取69.8g磷酸钠配制成2L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴85℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在5℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在90℃下老化12h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于105℃干燥12h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于800℃焙烧4h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取654.8g六水合硝酸钴和261.1g六水合硝酸镨配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,120℃下干燥10h,400℃焙烧5h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化镨:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.15:0.02:0.05:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:450℃,0.2MPa,恒温12h,500h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为85%(v/v),。反应条件为:220℃,2.0MPa,2200h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.0。评价结果:CO转化率52.5%,CH4选择性为11.0%,720h内失活率为0.21%。
取上述催化剂10ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,330℃,0.6MPa,800h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为45%(v/v),恒温20h,700rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为225℃,2.5MPa,1500h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=2.3,750rpm。评价结果:CO转化率77.5%,CH4选择性为9.5%,720h内失活率为0.22%。
实施例7:
按照最终催化剂组成,称取128.6g98wt%的发烟硝酸配制成20L水溶液A,称取169.7g偏铝酸钠配制成19L水溶液B,再称取12.4g磷酸氢二钠配制成1.0L水溶液C;先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴60℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同;待溶液B沉淀完毕后,继续将溶液A和溶液C在60℃下进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,A、C体积流量相同;待溶液A、C沉淀完毕后,在70℃下老化10h;老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于5ppm,过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于烘箱于95℃干燥20h得到含硅氧化铝前驱体;将得到的前驱体置于马弗炉中,于500℃焙烧7h,得到含硅氧化铝;按最终催化剂组成,称取1746g六水合硝酸钴和46.0g六水合硝酸钇配制水溶液,等体积浸渍于上述载体,110℃下干燥24h,400℃焙烧4h,制得最终催化剂,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:氧化钇:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.15:0.06:0.07:1。
取上述催化剂5ml不稀释装填于固定床反应器中(Ф10×500mm),还原条件为:390℃,1.5MPa,恒温15h,900h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为15%(v/v),。反应条件为:230℃,2.4MPa,2500h-1(v/v),H2/CO(mol)=2.4。评价结果:CO转化率48.6%,CH4选择性为15.6%,720h内失活率为0.25%。
取上述催化剂10ml于1L浆态床反应器进行评价,还原条件为,340℃,0.37MPa,800h-1(v/v),采用氮中氢,H2含量为50%(v/v),恒温16h,700rpm。还原完毕后降至室温切换成合成气进行反应,反应条件为230℃,2.0MPa,2000h-1(v/v),H2/CO(v/v)=2.6,650rpm。评价结果:CO转化率57.8%,CH4选择性为12.5%,720h内失活率为0.23%。
Claims (7)
1.一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂,其特征在于催化剂由四氧化三钴、金属助剂氧化物、磷酸铝和氧化铝组成,其摩尔组成为四氧化三钴:金属助剂氧化物:磷酸铝:氧化铝=0.1-0.25:0.01-0.07:0.02-0.2:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂,其特征在于所述的金属助剂氧化物为氧化钐、氧化钪、氧化钇或氧化镨中的一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)按最终催化剂组成,称取硝酸配制成水溶液A,称取偏铝酸钠配制成水溶液B,再称取磷源配制成水溶液C,A溶液体积=B溶液体积+C溶液体积,其中,硝酸水溶液的浓度为0.1-2.5mol/L,硝酸的物质的量:(偏铝酸钠的物质的量+磷源的物质的量)=0.98-1.05:1;
(2)先将溶液A和溶液B在水浴50-85℃下进行并流共沉淀,A、B体积流量相同,溶液B沉淀完毕后,将溶液A和溶液C在相同温度的水浴下继续进行并流入同一反应器中共沉淀,B、C体积流量相同;
(3)沉淀完毕后,在70-85℃下老化2-24h;
(4)老化结束后,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中钠离子小于1ppm,然后过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼置于90-120℃干燥10-24h得到含磷铝前驱体,将得到的前驱体于400-650℃焙烧4-10h,得到含磷氧化铝载体;
(5)按最终催化剂组成,称取硝酸钴和可溶性助剂金属盐溶于水配制溶液,等体积浸渍于上述含磷氧化铝载体,90-120℃下干燥10-24h,300-400℃焙烧4-10h,制得最终催化剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的磷源为磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸钠的一种。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的可溶性助剂金属盐为硝酸钐、硝酸钪、硝酸钇或硝酸镨中的一种。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂的应用,其特征在于包括如下步骤:所述的费托合成钴基催化剂在固定床反应器中进行还原、反应;还原条件为:350-450℃,0.3-1.5MPa,体积空速GHSV=300-1000h-1,恒温12-24h,采用氮中氢还原气,H2体积含量为15%-85%;反应条件为:170-230℃,2.0-5.0Mpa,体积空速GHSV=700-2500h-1,H2/CO体积比=2.0-2.5。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的一种负载型钴基费托合成催化剂的应用,其特征在于包括如下步骤:所述的费托合成钴基催化剂,在浆态床反应器中进行还原、反应;还原条件为:270-320℃,0.2-1.2MPa,体积空速GHSV=500-800h-1,恒温12-36h,采用氮中氢还原气,H2体积含量为15%-85%,转速为400-800rpm;反应条件为:170-230℃,2.0-3.0MPa,体积空速GHSV=700-2000h-1,H2/CO体积比=2.0-3.0,转速为400-800rpm。
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