CN105675396B - Multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation - Google Patents

Multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105675396B
CN105675396B CN201610071009.0A CN201610071009A CN105675396B CN 105675396 B CN105675396 B CN 105675396B CN 201610071009 A CN201610071009 A CN 201610071009A CN 105675396 B CN105675396 B CN 105675396B
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fixed seat
slide unit
sample
microstructure
leading screw
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CN105675396A (en
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但文蛟
张卫刚
缑瑞宾
黄婷婷
任闯
刘飞
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/04Chucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017Tensile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/005Electromagnetic means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation, including rack, power drive mechanism, supporting mechanism, force measuring machine;The clamping device is detachably fixed seat, three pins, three insulation spacers including three corresponding with a pair of of slide unit and fixed seat respectively;It is in convex shape to be detachably fixed seat, top surface or the side of slide unit/fixed seat can be installed on by the shrinkage pool on slide unit and fixed seat, and realize and fix by pin;Upper and lower grip block for clamping style is fixed on the first two and is detachably fixed seat;Three insulation spacers are detachably fixed seat by three respectively and are separated with corresponding slide unit or fixed seat;It will support and force measuring machine be installed in slide unit and the top of leading screw right end fixed seat, sample keeps horizontal, and microstructure in-situ observation in sample horizontal plane is carried out in drawing process;It will support and force measuring machine be installed in slide unit and the side of leading screw right end fixed seat, sample is edge-on, and microstructure in-situ observation in sample side can be realized in drawing process.

Description

Multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation, belongs to metal drawing Stretch experimental rig technical field.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement of industrial automation level, the requirement to properties of product is continuously improved, such as high intensity, big extension Rate etc., material macroscopic view comprehensive mechanical property are always determined by its Microstructure Performance, in order to improve material macro-mechanical property With exploitation performance more preferably new material, it is effective way to carry out Fine Texture of Material research, and the premise to conduct a research is to obtain Fine Texture of Material experimental data under different experimental conditions, and testing machine traditional at present is not appropriate for Fine Texture of Material sight Survey.
It is in situ that the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN103575593A discloses a kind of meso-scale metal material simple tension Device is observed, which includes mechanical part, macroscopical mechanical parameters part of detecting and microdeformation field part of detecting, pass through transmission Module transmission applies tensile load at the same time to sample both ends, and it is different to gather sample by microscopy apparatus and data collecting system in situ Microstructure change feature under the conditions of deformation extent, corresponding deformation condition is obtained by power test module and displacement measurement module Lower macro-mechanical property parameter.The patent is suitable for microstructure change sample data in sample horizontal plane and measures, but for Sample thickness in-situ observation experiment planar under microstructure delta data and sample power on condition cannot but implement.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a kind of multifunctional in-situ observation experiment device that disclosure satisfy that different experiments requirement for the prior art.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the invention is:Stretching of the prior art for microstructure original position online observation Experimental rig, it is impossible to sample thickness institute planar microstructure delta data is obtained, meanwhile, such as seen under power on condition Survey, then there are security risk.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation, it is characterised in that:Including Rack, power drive mechanism, supporting mechanism, force measuring machine;The rack includes bottom plate 1, motor fixing seat 2, a pair of parallel Guide rail 19,19-1, the motor fixing seat 2 are installed on bottom plate 1, and a pair of parallel guide rail 19,19-1 are symmetricly set on motor 3 In the guide-track groove of axis both sides;The power drive mechanism includes motor 3, leading screw 8, a pair of of slide unit 6,6-1, and fixed seat 18, use In the trip bolt for clamping experiment;Wherein, the motor 3 is installed in motor fixing seat 2, the silk that the leading screw 8 passes through both ends Thick stick fixed seat 5,18 is installed on bottom plate 1, and leading screw 8 and motor 3 are coaxial, and can be rotated under the effect of motor 3;The pair of cunning By the guide-track groove of bottom on a pair of guide rails 19,19-1, the pair of slide unit 6,6-1 are separately mounted to silk by platform 6,6-1 On the antisymmetry screw thread at 8 both ends of thick stick, leading screw 8 is threadedly coupled with slide unit, and leading screw 8, which rotates, drives a pair of of slide unit 6,6-1 constant speed reverse Movement;The clamping device include be detachably fixed respectively with a pair of of slide unit 6,6-1 and fixed seat 18 corresponding three seat 10, 10-1,10-2, three pins 7,7-1,7-2, three insulation spacers 9,9-1,9-2;The seat that is detachably fixed is in convex shape, can Top surface or the side of the slide unit/fixed seat 18 are installed on by the shrinkage pool on slide unit and fixed seat 18, and is realized by pin It is fixed;Upper and lower grip block for clamping sample 21 is fixed on the first two and is detachably fixed seat 10,10-1;Described three absolutely Edge gasket 9,9-1,9-2 are detachably fixed seat 10 by three respectively, 10-1,10-2 are separated with corresponding slide unit or fixed seat;Institute Stating force measuring machine includes sliding block 15, force snesor 16, briquetting 17, briquetting screw 20-4;The sliding block 15 is installed on right side slide unit Being detachably fixed on a guide rail on 10-1 tops on 6-1;The briquetting screw 20-4 is right by force snesor 16 by briquetting 17 Side end, which is fixed on, to be detachably fixed on seat, and 16 left end of force snesor is installed on sliding block 15 by screw;The sample 21 when not installing, and motor 3, which rotates, drives opposite/opposite movement of two slide units 6,6-1, and slide unit 6-1 movements in right side drive its upper part Guide rail moves, and for sliding block 15 because not stressing and holding position is constant, 16 numerical value of force snesor is zero at this time;After loading onto sample 21, electricity When machine 3 rotates, keep its position on guide rail constant because of 15 stress of sliding block, and moved with right side slide unit 6-1, power passes 16 stress of sensor completes measuring for sample load value;The support and force measuring machine are installed on slide unit and leading screw right end fixed seat 18 top, sample keep horizontal, microstructure in-situ observation in sample horizontal plane are carried out in drawing process;By it is described support and Force measuring machine is installed on the side of slide unit and leading screw right end fixed seat 18, and sample is edge-on, and sample side can be realized in drawing process Microstructure in-situ observation in face.
Further, the power drive mechanism further includes shaft coupling 4, for connecting motor output shaft and leading screw.
Further, the upper and lower grip block is fixedly connected using one group of screw, for being clamped to sample 21.
Further, three insulation spacers are respectively placed in top and the square groove of two slide units 6,6-1 and silk fixed seat 18 Interior, seat 10, the square shank insertion slide unit of 10-1,10-2 lower part of being detachably fixed is with the square groove of fixed seat 18, passing through Insulation pin is positioned to being detachably fixed seat;The slide unit 6,6-1 are insulated from each other with being detachably fixed seat.
Further, the lower grip block fixed seat 14 is installed on sliding block 15 by screw, and grip block 13 is placed under right side In lower 14 deep gouge of grip block fixed seat, insulated by insulation spacer therebetween, and with insulation pin by lower grip block 13 It is positioned in lower blessing block fixed seat 14;Grip block 11 is fixed on by screw 20-1 and is detachably fixed on seat 10 under left side;Two A lower grip block 11,13 is coaxial, and its clamping face is in the same plane.
Further, described two upper grip blocks 12,12-1 are fixed on lower grip block using screw.
Further, clamp structure is connected using plug-in, is positioned using pin, easy to disassemble and realize 90 ° of rotations.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) loading environment and loading device needed for different materials microstructure in-situ observation are provided, is led to available for sample Uniaxial loading under the conditions of electricity,
2) sample thickness institute planar microstructure in-situ observation can be realized;
3) measured available for material macro-mechanical property, microdeformation field deformation feature under the conditions of uniaxial tension, and to build The basic experiment data needed for correspondence between vertical macromechanics, microdeformation field, the more persons of material properties measure offer phase The method answered.
4) 90 ° of commutations and insulation assembling be combined with each other, and assembly structure design is ingenious, and reliability is high.
5) assembling structure has taken into full account parts machining and the convenience of style installation, easy to make, easy to use, Prospect with wide popularization and application.
Brief description of the drawings
When Fig. 1 is style edge-on installation, the multi-functional uniaxial tension that the present invention is used for microstructure original position online observation tries The front view of experiment device.
When Fig. 2 is that style is horizontally mounted, the multi-functional uniaxial tension that the present invention is used for microstructure original position online observation tries The front view of experiment device.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 2.
When Fig. 4 is that style is horizontally mounted, the multi-functional uniaxial tension that the present invention is used for microstructure original position online observation tries The front view of experiment device.
Fig. 5 is the three-view diagram of slide unit, wherein:
Fig. 5-1 is the front view of slide unit, and Fig. 5-2 is the left view of slide unit, and Fig. 5-3 is the top view of slide unit.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of lower grip block fixed seat, wherein, Fig. 6-1 is front view, and Fig. 6-2 is top view.
Fig. 7 is three schematic diagrames for being detachably fixed seat, wherein, 7-1 is that left side is detachably fixed the front view of block, Fig. 7- 2 be corresponding top view;Fig. 7-3 is the middle front view for being detachably fixed block, and Fig. 7-4 is corresponding top view;Fig. 7-5 is right Side is detachably fixed the front view of block, and Fig. 7-6 is corresponding top view;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of lower grip block, wherein, Fig. 8-1 is the front view of the lower grip block in left side, and Fig. 8-2 is under left side The top view of grip block, Fig. 8-3 are the front views of the lower grip block in right side, and Fig. 8-4 is the top view of the lower grip block in right side.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of style, wherein, Fig. 9-1 is the horizontal plane view of style, and Fig. 9-2 is the side signal of style Figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation, Neng Goushi Existing sample energization, sample no power, the horizontal positioned loading of sample, the edge-on in-situ tensile test placed when loading of sample, by machine Frame, power transmission, clamping and the most of composition of dynamometry four.
The rack is made of bottom plate 1, motor fixing seat 2, guide rail 19,19-1;
Wherein, the motor fixing seat 2 is installed on bottom plate 1, and the guide rail 19 and 19-1 are parallel with 3 axis of motor, lead Rail 19 and 19-1 are symmetricly set in the guide-track groove of 3 axis both sides of motor.
The motivation transfer motion part includes motor 3, shaft coupling 4, leading screw 8, leading screw fixed seat 5, slide unit 6 and 6-1, fixation Seat 18 and trip bolt 20;
Wherein, the motor 3 is installed in motor fixing seat 2;The leading screw fixed seat 5 and 18 that the leading screw 8 passes through both ends On bottom plate 1, leading screw 8 and 3 axis of motor are coaxial, and are linked together by shaft coupling 4;
Wherein, the slide unit 6 and 6-1 are installed on guide rail 19 and 19-1 by the guide-track groove of bottom, and slide unit 6 and 6-1 can To move along the rail;The slide unit 6 and 6-1 are separately mounted on the antisymmetry screw thread at 8 both ends of leading screw, leading screw 8 and slide unit 6 and 6- 1 link form is is threadedly coupled, and two slide units 6 and 6-1 are arranged symmetrically in 8 center both sides of leading screw, and leading screw 8, which rotates, ensures slide unit 6 With opposite/opposite movement of 6-1 constant speed.
The blessing part by insulation pin 7,7-1,7-2 and 7-3, insulation spacer 9,9-1 and 9-2,9-3 and 9-4, can Dismantle fixed seat 10,10-1 and 10-2, lower grip block 11 and 13, upper grip block 12 and 12-1, lower grip block fixed seat 14, screw 20-1,20-2 and 20-3 are formed.
Wherein, insulation spacer 9,9-1 and the 9-2 are respectively placed in two slide units 6 and 6-1 and 8 right end fixed seat 18 of leading screw Top and square groove in, it is described be detachably fixed seat 10, the square shank of 10-1 and 10-2 lower parts is inserted into 6 and 6-1 and leading screw 8 is right In the square groove for holding fixed seat 18, determined by insulating pin 7,7-1 and 7-2 being detachably fixed seat 10,10-1 and 10-2 Position;The slide unit 6 and 6-1 are insulated from each other with being detachably fixed seat 10 and 10-1.
Wherein, the lower grip block fixed seat 14 is installed on sliding block 15 by screw, and grip block 13 is placed in lower folder under right side Hold in 14 deep gouge of block fixed seat, insulated by insulation spacer 9-3 and 9-4 therebetween, and with insulation pin 7-3 by lower folder Block 13 is held to be positioned in lower blessing block fixed seat 14;Grip block 11 is fixed on by screw 20-1 and is detachably fixed seat 10 under left side On;Lower grip block 11 and 13 is coaxial, and its clamping face is in the same plane.
Wherein, the upper grip block 12 and 12-1 are fixed on lower grip block using screw;
The dynamometry part is made of sliding block 15, force snesor 16, briquetting 17, screw 20-4.
Wherein, the sliding block 15 is installed on being detachably fixed on a guide rail on 10-1 tops on the slide unit 6-1 of right side;It is described 16 right-hand end of force snesor is fixed on and is detachably fixed on seat by trip bolt 20-4 by briquetting 17, the left side of force snesor 16 End is installed on sliding block 15 by screw 20-3;
When the sample 21 is not installed, motor 3, which rotates, drives two slide units 6 and opposite/opposite movements of 6-1, right side slide unit 6-1 movements drive the movement of its upper part guide rail, and because not stressing and holding position is constant, 16 numerical value of force snesor is sliding block 15 at this time Zero;After loading onto sample 21, when motor 3 rotates, keep its position on guide rail constant because of 15 stress of sliding block, and with slide unit 6- 1 one pieces of movements, 16 stress of force snesor complete measuring for sample load value.
The insulation spacer 9 and insulation pin 7 make left side bare terminal end and 6 mutually insulated of slide unit, the insulation spacer 9-3, 9-4 and insulation pin 7-3 make right side bare terminal end and dynamometry part and slide unit 6-1 mutually insulateds, ensure under 21 power on condition of sample The rack of experimental rig, power transmission, dynamometry part are not charged, it is ensured that equipment and personal safety in test process.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the top that slide unit and leading screw right end fixed seat are partially installed on dynamometry will be clamped, sample is protected Water holding is put down, and microstructure in-situ observation in sample horizontal plane can be realized in drawing process;
As shown in Fig. 5-1,5-2,5-3 institute, clamping and dynamometry are partially installed on to the side of slide unit and leading screw right end fixed seat Face, sample is edge-on, and microstructure in-situ observation in sample side can be realized in drawing process.
By taking plane plate specimen shown in thickness chart 9-1,9-2 as an example, test process specifically includes following steps:
1) prepared by sample:Plate of material is processed using wire cutting, using manual type to sample horizontal plane and side Middle part is polished, polishing treatment, then carries out etching pit with metallographic etchant.
2) slide unit position adjustment:Start motor, adjusted the distance between two slide units to zone of reasonableness according to specimen length, Ensure that two bare terminal end clamping length of sample is enough, to prevent being loosened in sample loading procedure because clamping face is too small.
3) retained part is installed:Required according to sample inspection surface, retained part is installed on slide unit surface or slide unit side Face.
4) specimen clamping:Unclamp screw and open two upper grip blocks, sample is placed on to the middle of twice grip blocks, is adjusted Whole sample position, makes its axis is upper and lower with leading screw axis/front and rear to overlap, and ensures that sample both ends clamping length is identical, then, twists Tight all screws fix sample, and each screw pretightning force wants uniformity during pretension, to ensure sample in drawing process In, both ends uniform force, stretches without acceptance of persons.
5) it is powered:As requirement of experiment give sample be powered, electrode need to be fixed on sample.
6) load:Opening servomotor drives antisymmetry threaded screw rod to rotate, so as to drive two slide units in the slideway of base On make constant speed and move opposite to each other, i.e., so that sample both ends add head to move at the uniform velocity in opposite direction, so as to ensure sample centre position It is basically unchanged, there is provided a changeless in-situ observation region.Experiment generally uses Bit andits control, is determined according to leading screw displacement Observation station is shut down, in stopping process, is clapped the microstructure on sample in a certain fixed visual field using supplementary observation equipment According to imaging, after imaging, continue to load, then shut down and take pictures, repeat above step, until sample fracture.Leading screw displacement and Sample force value can gather in real time, can obtain material macro-mechanical property curve accordingly.
In whole test process, microstructure variation characteristic can carry out real-time by the micro-imaging such as microscope equipment Monitoring, and power-displacement diagram picture that debugging software obtains test is combined, so as to establish the metal metallographic group under corresponding drawing force The change of microstructure such as knit, obtain the one-to-one relationship of macromechanics and microstructure deformation field.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microstructure original position online observation, it is characterised in that:
    Including rack, power drive mechanism, supporting mechanism, force measuring machine;
    The rack includes bottom plate (1), motor fixing seat (2), a pair of parallel guide rail (19,19-1), the motor fixing seat (2) it is installed on bottom plate (1), a pair of parallel guide rail (19,19-1) is symmetricly set on the guide-track groove of motor (3) axis both sides It is interior;
    The power drive mechanism includes motor (3), leading screw (8), a pair of of slide unit (6,6-1), and fixed seat (18), try for clamping The trip bolt tested;Wherein, the motor (3) is installed in motor fixing seat (2), the leading screw that the leading screw (8) passes through both ends Fixed seat (5,18) is installed on bottom plate (1), and leading screw (8) and motor (3) coaxially, and can rotate under motor (3) effect;Institute A pair of of slide unit (6,6-1) is stated to be installed in a pair of guide rails (19,19-1) by the guide-track groove of bottom, the pair of slide unit (6,6- 1) it is separately mounted on the antisymmetry screw thread at leading screw (8) both ends, leading screw (8) is threadedly coupled with slide unit, and leading screw (8), which rotates, drives one To slide unit (6,6-1) constant speed counter motion;
    The supporting mechanism includes being detachably fixed seat with a pair of of slide unit (6/6-1) and corresponding three of fixed seat (18) respectively (10,10-1,10-2), three pins (7,7-1,7-2), three insulation spacers (9,9-1,9-2);The seat that is detachably fixed is in Convex shape, can be installed on top surface or the side of the slide unit/fixed seat (18) by the shrinkage pool on slide unit and fixed seat (18), and Realized and fixed by pin;Upper and lower grip block for clamping sample (21) be fixed on the first two be detachably fixed seat (10,10- 1) on;Three insulation spacers (9,9-1,9-2) respectively by three be detachably fixed seat (10,10-1,10-2) with it is corresponding Slide unit or fixed seat separate;
    The force measuring machine includes sliding block (15), force snesor (16), briquetting (17), briquetting screw (20-4);The sliding block (15) it is installed on being detachably fixed on the guide rail on seat (10-1) top on right side slide unit (6-1);The briquetting screw (20-4) Force snesor (16) right-hand end is fixed on by briquetting (17) and is detachably fixed on seat, force snesor (16) left end is led to Screw is crossed on sliding block (15);
    When sample (21) is not installed, motor (3), which rotates, drives opposite/opposite movement of two slide units (6,6-1), right side slide unit (6- 1) movement drives the movement of its upper part guide rail, and sliding block (15) is not because stressing and holding position is constant, force snesor (16) numerical value at this time It is zero;After loading onto sample (21), when motor (3) rotates, keep its position on guide rail constant because of sliding block (15) stress, and Moved with right side slide unit (6-1), force snesor (16) stress completes measuring for sample load value;
    It will support and force measuring machine is installed in slide unit and the top of leading screw right end fixed seat (18), sample keeps horizontal, stretches Microstructure in-situ observation in sample horizontal plane is carried out in journey;
    Alternatively, the support and force measuring machine to be installed on to the side of slide unit and leading screw right end fixed seat (18), sample is edge-on, draws Microstructure in-situ observation in sample side can be realized during stretching.
  2. 2. being used for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is:The power drive mechanism further includes shaft coupling (4), for connecting motor output shaft and leading screw.
  3. 3. being used for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is:The upper and lower grip block is fixedly connected using one group of screw, for being clamped to sample (21).
  4. 4. being used for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is:Three insulation spacers are respectively placed in two slide units (6,6-1) and the top and square groove of fixed seat (18), it is described can The square shank insertion slide unit of fixed seat (10,10-1,10-2) lower part is dismantled with the square groove of fixed seat (18), passing through dielectric pin Nail is positioned to being detachably fixed seat;The slide unit (6,6-1) is insulated from each other with being detachably fixed seat.
  5. 5. being used for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is:The lower grip block fixed seat (14) is installed on sliding block (15) by screw, and grip block (13) is placed in lower folder under right side Hold in block fixed seat (14) deep gouge, insulated by insulation spacer therebetween, and with insulation pin by lower grip block (13) It is positioned in lower blessing block fixed seat (14);Grip block (11) is fixed on by screw (20-1) and is detachably fixed seat under left side (10) on;Coaxially, and its clamping face is in the same plane for two lower grip blocks (11,13).
  6. 6. being used for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation as claimed in claim 5, it is special Sign is:Described two upper grip blocks (12,12-1) are fixed on lower grip block using screw.
  7. 7. being used for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microstructure original position online observation as claimed in claim 1, it is special Sign is:Clamp structure is connected using plug-in, is positioned using pin, easy to disassemble and realize 90 ° of rotations.
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