CN105675396A - Multifunctional uniaxial tensile test device for microstructure in-situ online observation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional uniaxial tensile test device for in-situ on-line observation of microstructures, comprising a frame, a power transmission mechanism, a support mechanism, and a force-measuring mechanism; the clamping mechanism includes a pair of sliding tables respectively And the three detachable fixing seats, three pins and three insulating gaskets corresponding to the fixing seat; the detachable fixing seat is in a convex shape, and can be installed on the top of the sliding table/fixing seat through the concave holes on the sliding table and the fixing seat The upper and lower clamping blocks for the clamping style are fixed on the first two detachable fixing seats; three insulating gaskets respectively connect the three detachable fixing seats with the corresponding sliders. Separate the platform or fixed seat; install the support and force-measuring mechanism on the upper part of the slide table and the fixed seat at the right end of the lead screw, keep the sample horizontal, and conduct in-situ observation of the microstructure in the horizontal plane of the sample during the stretching process; The force mechanism is installed on the side of the slide table and the fixed seat at the right end of the lead screw, and the sample stands sideways. During the stretching process, the in-situ observation of the microstructure on the side of the sample can be realized.

Description

Multifunctional uniaxial tensile test device for in-situ on-line observation of microstructure

technical field

The invention relates to a multifunctional uniaxial tensile test device for in-situ on-line observation of microstructures, belonging to the technical field of metal tensile test devices.

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of the level of industrial automation, the requirements for product performance continue to increase, such as high strength, large elongation, etc. The macroscopic comprehensive mechanical properties of materials are always determined by their microstructure properties. In order to improve the macroscopic mechanical properties and development performance of materials For better new materials, research on the microstructure of materials is an effective way, and the premise of conducting research is to obtain experimental data on the microstructure of materials under different experimental conditions, and the current traditional testing machine is not suitable for observation of the microstructure of materials.

The Chinese patent with the publication number CN103575593A discloses a mesoscale metal material uniaxial tensile in-situ observation device. The device includes a mechanical part, a macroscopic mechanical parameter testing part and a microscopic deformation field testing part. Tensile loads are applied at both ends at the same time, and the microstructure change characteristics of the sample under different deformation degrees are collected through the microscopic equipment and the in-situ data acquisition system, and the macroscopic mechanical performance parameters under the corresponding deformation conditions are obtained through the force test module and the displacement test module. This patent is applicable to the measurement of microstructure change sample data in the sample horizontal plane, but it cannot be implemented for the microstructure change data in the plane where the sample thickness lies and the in-situ observation test under the sample electrification condition.

Therefore, there is an urgent need in the prior art for a multifunctional in-situ observation test device that can meet different experimental requirements.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the tensile test device used for in-situ on-line observation of microstructure in the prior art cannot obtain the microstructure change data in the plane where the thickness of the sample is located. , there is a security risk.

The present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A multifunctional uniaxial tensile test device for in-situ on-line observation of microstructures, characterized in that it includes a frame, a power transmission mechanism, a support mechanism, and a force-measuring mechanism; the frame includes a bottom plate 1, a motor fixing seat 2. A pair of parallel guide rails 19, 19-1, the motor fixing seat 2 is installed on the bottom plate 1, and a pair of parallel guide rails 19, 19-1 are symmetrically arranged in the guide rail grooves on both sides of the motor 3 axis; The power transmission mechanism comprises a motor 3, a leading screw 8, a pair of slide tables 6,6-1, a fixed seat 18, and fastening screws for clamping tests; wherein, the motor 3 is installed on the motor fixed seat 2, and the The lead screw 8 is installed on the base plate 1 through the lead screw holders 5, 18 at both ends, the lead screw 8 is coaxial with the motor 3, and can rotate under the action of the motor 3; the pair of sliding tables 6, 6-1 pass through The guide rail groove at the bottom is installed on a pair of guide rails 19, 19-1, and the pair of slide tables 6, 6-1 are respectively installed on the antisymmetric threads at the two ends of the lead screw 8, the lead screw 8 is threadedly connected with the slide table, and the lead screw 8 is threadedly connected with the slide table. The rotation of the bar 8 drives a pair of sliding tables 6, 6-1 to move in the opposite direction at the same speed; the clamping mechanism includes three detachable fixing seats 10, 10, 10-1, 10-2, three pins 7, 7-1, 7-2, three insulating spacers 9, 9-1, 9-2; the detachable fixing seat is convex and can pass through the slide and the concave hole on the fixed seat 18 are installed on the top surface or side of the slide table/fixed seat 18, and fixed by pins; the upper and lower clamping blocks for clamping pattern 21 are fixed on the first two detachable on the fixing base 10, 10-1; the three insulating gaskets 9, 9-1, 9-2 respectively connect the three detachable fixing bases 10, 10-1, 10-2 with the corresponding sliding table or fixing base Separated; the force measuring mechanism includes a slider 15, a force sensor 16, a briquetting block 17, and a briquetting screw 20-4; the slider 15 is installed on the detachable fixing seat 10- 1 on the upper guide rail; the pressure block screw 20-4 fixes the right end of the force sensor 16 on the detachable fixing seat through the pressure block 17, and the left end of the force sensor 16 is installed on the slider 15 through screws; When the sample 21 is not installed, the rotation of the motor 3 drives the two sliding tables 6, 6-1 to move towards/against each other, and the movement of the right sliding table 6-1 drives its upper guide rail to move. Force keeps the position unchanged, and the value of the force sensor 16 is zero; -1 moves together, and the force sensor 16 is stressed to complete the measurement of the load value of the sample; the support and force-measuring mechanism are installed on the upper part of the slide table and the fixed seat 18 at the right end of the leading screw, and the sample remains horizontal. Carry out in-situ observation of the microstructure in the horizontal plane of the sample; install the support and force-measuring mechanism on the side of the slide table and the fixing seat 18 at the right end of the lead screw, stand the sample on its side, and realize the microstructure in the side of the sample during the stretching process. In situ observation.

Further, the power transmission mechanism also includes a coupling 4 for connecting the motor output shaft and the lead screw.

Further, the upper and lower clamping blocks are fixedly connected by a set of screws for clamping the pattern 21 .

Further, three insulating pads are respectively placed in the upper part and the square groove of the two sliding tables 6, 6-1 and the wire fixing seat 18, and the square grooves at the bottom of the detachable fixing seats 10, 10-1, 10-2 The handle is inserted into the square groove of the sliding table and the fixing seat 18, and the detachable fixing seat is positioned by insulating pins; the sliding table 6, 6-1 and the detachable fixing seat are insulated from each other.

Further, the lower clamping block fixing seat 14 is installed on the slider 15 by screws, and the lower clamping block 13 on the right side is placed in the lower clamping block fixing seat 14 sinker, and the two are insulated by insulating gaskets. , and use insulating pins to locate the lower clamping block 13 in the lower clamping block fixing seat 14; the left lower clamping block 11 is fixed on the detachable fixing seat 10 by screws 20-1; the two lower clamping blocks 11, 13 are the same shaft, and its clamping surfaces are in the same plane.

Furthermore, the two upper clamping blocks 12, 12-1 are fixed on the lower clamping block by screws.

Furthermore, the clamping structure adopts a plug-in connection and is positioned by a pin, which is convenient for disassembly and 90° rotation.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) It provides the loading environment and loading device required for in-situ observation of the microstructure of different materials, which can be used for uniaxial loading of the sample under the condition of electrification,

2) In-situ observation of the microstructure in the plane where the thickness of the sample is located can be realized;

3) It can be used to measure the macroscopic mechanical properties of materials and the deformation characteristics of the microscopic deformation field under the condition of uniaxial tension, and to measure the basic experimental data required to establish the corresponding relationship between macroscopic mechanics, microscopic deformation field and material properties Provide corresponding methods.

4) The 90° commutation and insulation assembly are combined with each other, the assembly structure design is ingenious, and the reliability is high.

5) The assembly structure fully considers the convenience of parts processing and pattern installation, is convenient to manufacture and use, and has the prospect of wide application.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the multi-functional uniaxial tensile testing device for microstructure in situ on-line observation of the present invention when the model is installed sideways.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the multifunctional uniaxial tensile testing device for in-situ on-line observation of microstructures according to the present invention when the sample is installed horizontally.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a front view of the multi-functional uniaxial tensile test device for in-situ on-line observation of microstructure of the present invention when the sample is installed horizontally.

Fig. 5 is three views of the slide table, wherein:

Figure 5-1 is the front view of the slide table, Figure 5-2 is the left view of the slide table, and Figure 5-3 is the top view of the slide table.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the fixing seat of the lower clamping block, wherein Fig. 6-1 is a front view, and Fig. 6-2 is a top view.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of three detachable fixing seats, where 7-1 is the front view of the left detachable fixing block, and Figure 7-2 is the corresponding top view; Figure 7-3 is the front view of the middle detachable fixing block , Figure 7-4 is the corresponding top view; Figure 7-5 is the front view of the detachable fixed block on the right side, and Figure 7-6 is the corresponding top view;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the lower clamping block, wherein Figure 8-1 is a front view of the left lower clamping block, Figure 8-2 is a top view of the left lower clamping block, and Figure 8-3 is a right lower clamping block The front view of the holding block, Figure 8-4 is a top view of the lower holding block on the right.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the style, wherein Fig. 9-1 is a horizontal view of the style, and Fig. 9-2 is a side schematic view of the style.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1-3, the multi-functional uniaxial tensile test device for in-situ on-line observation of the microstructure can realize the loading of the sample with electricity, the sample without electricity, the sample placed horizontally, and the sample placed sideways. The in-situ tensile test is composed of four parts: frame, power transmission, clamping and force measurement.

The frame is composed of base plate 1, motor holder 2, guide rail 19, 19-1;

Wherein, the motor fixing seat 2 is installed on the bottom plate 1, the guide rails 19 and 19-1 are parallel to the axis of the motor 3, and the guide rails 19 and 19-1 are symmetrically arranged in guide rail grooves on both sides of the axis of the motor 3.

The power transmission part includes a motor 3, a shaft coupling 4, a screw 8, a screw fixing seat 5, slide tables 6 and 6-1, a fixing seat 18 and a fastening screw 20;

Wherein, the motor 3 is installed on the motor holder 2; the lead screw 8 is installed on the base plate 1 through the screw holders 5 and 18 at both ends, the lead screw 8 is coaxial with the motor 3 shafts, and is connected through a shaft coupling 4 connected together;

Wherein, the slide tables 6 and 6-1 are installed on the guide rails 19 and 19-1 through the guide rail grooves at the bottom, and the slide tables 6 and 6-1 can move along the guide rails; the slide tables 6 and 6-1 are respectively installed on On the anti-symmetric threads at both ends of the screw 8, the link between the screw 8 and the sliding tables 6 and 6-1 is threaded connection, and the two sliding tables 6 and 6-1 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center of the screw 8, and the screw 8 rotates Guarantee that slide table 6 and 6-1 move towards/against each other at the same speed.

The holding part is composed of insulating pins 7, 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3, insulating gaskets 9, 9-1 and 9-2, 9-3 and 9-4, detachable fixing seats 10, 10 -1 and 10-2, the lower clamping blocks 11 and 13, the upper clamping blocks 12 and 12-1, the lower clamping block fixing seat 14, screws 20-1, 20-2 and 20-3.

Wherein, the insulating pads 9, 9-1 and 9-2 are respectively placed in the upper part and the square groove of the two slide tables 6 and 6-1 and the fixing seat 18 at the right end of the lead screw 8, and the detachable fixing seat 10 The square handles at the bottom of 10-1 and 10-2 are inserted into the square grooves of 6 and 6-1 and the fixing seat 18 at the right end of the lead screw 8, and the detachable fixing seats 10, 10-1 and 10-2 for positioning; the slide tables 6 and 6-1 and the detachable fixing seats 10 and 10-1 are insulated from each other.

Wherein, the lower clamping block fixing base 14 is installed on the slider 15 by screws, and the right lower clamping block 13 is placed in the sinking groove of the lower clamping block fixing base 14, and an insulating gasket 9-3 is passed between the two. Insulate with 9-4, and use the insulating pin 7-3 to locate the lower clamping block 13 in the lower clamping block fixing seat 14; the left lower clamping block 11 is fixed on the detachable fixing seat 10 by the screw 20-1; the lower The clamping blocks 11 and 13 are coaxial, and their clamping surfaces are in the same plane.

Wherein, the upper clamping blocks 12 and 12-1 are fixed on the lower clamping block by screws;

The force measuring part is composed of a slider 15, a force sensor 16, a pressing block 17, and a screw 20-4.

Wherein, the slider 15 is installed on the guide rail on the upper part of the detachable fixed seat 10-1 on the right slide table 6-1; Fixed on the detachable fixed seat, the left end of the force sensor 16 is installed on the slider 15 through the screw 20-3;

When the sample 21 is not installed, the rotation of the motor 3 drives the two sliding tables 6 and 6-1 to move towards/against each other, and the movement of the right sliding table 6-1 drives its upper guide rail to move. The force keeps the position unchanged, and the value of force sensor 16 is zero; after the sample 21 is installed, when the motor 3 rotates, the position on the guide rail is kept constant due to the force of the slider 15, and it moves with the slide table 6-1. One piece moves, and the force sensor 16 is stressed to complete the measurement of the load value of the sample.

The insulating spacers 9 and the insulating pins 7 insulate the left clamping end from the slide table 6, and the insulating spacers 9-3, 9-4 and the insulating pins 7-3 insulate the right clamping end from the dynamometer. The part and the sliding table 6-1 are insulated from each other to ensure that the frame, power transmission and force measurement parts of the test device are not charged under the condition of sample 21 being energized, ensuring equipment and personal safety during the test.

As shown in Figures 1-3, install the clamping and force-measuring parts on the upper part of the slide table and the fixing seat at the right end of the lead screw, keep the sample horizontal, and in-situ observation of the microstructure in the horizontal plane of the sample can be realized during the stretching process;

As shown in Figures 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3, the clamping and force measuring parts are installed on the side of the slide table and the fixing seat at the right end of the screw, and the sample stands sideways, and the sample can be realized during the stretching process. In situ observation of the microstructure in the lateral surface.

Taking the flat sample shown in thickness charts 9-1 and 9-2 as an example, the testing process specifically includes the following steps:

1) Sample preparation: The material plate is processed by wire cutting, the horizontal surface and the middle part of the side of the sample are manually ground and polished, and then metallographic corrosion is carried out with metallographic corrosion solution.

2) Slider position adjustment: Start the motor, adjust the distance between the two slides to a reasonable range according to the length of the sample, and ensure that the clamping length of the two clamping ends of the sample is sufficient to prevent the clamping surface from being damaged during the loading process of the sample. Too small and loose.

3) Installation of the clamping part: according to the requirements of the observation surface of the sample, install the clamping part directly above the slide table or on the side of the slide table.

4) Sample clamping: Loosen the screw to open the two upper clamping blocks, place the sample in the middle of the two lower clamping blocks, adjust the position of the sample so that its axis coincides with the screw axis up and down/front and back, and Ensure that the clamping lengths at both ends of the sample are the same, and then tighten all the screws to fix the sample. During the pre-tightening process, the pre-tightening force of each screw should be uniform to ensure that the two ends of the sample are evenly stressed during the stretching process. No eccentric stretch.

5) Electrification: If the experiment requires the sample to be energized, the electrodes need to be fixed on the sample.

6) Loading: Turn on the servo motor to drive the anti-symmetric thread screw to rotate, thereby driving the two sliding tables to move at the same speed and opposite to each other on the slideway of the base, that is, to make the two ends of the sample move at the same speed in the opposite direction, so as to ensure The middle position of the sample is basically unchanged, providing a fixed in-situ observation area. The test generally adopts displacement control, and the shutdown observation point is determined according to the displacement of the lead screw. During the shutdown process, the auxiliary observation equipment is used to take pictures of the microstructure in a fixed field of view on the sample. After the imaging is completed, continue to load, and then stop to take pictures. , repeat the above steps until the sample breaks. The displacement of the screw and the force value of the sample will be collected in real time, and the macroscopic mechanical property curve of the material can be obtained accordingly.

During the whole test process, the characteristics of microstructure changes can be monitored in real time with the help of microscopic imaging equipment such as microscopes, and combined with debugging software to obtain test force-displacement images, so as to establish microstructures such as metallographic structures under corresponding tensile forces The change of the macroscopic mechanics and the microstructure deformation field are obtained one-to-one correspondence.

Claims (7)

1. the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus for microtexture original position online observation, it is characterised in that:

Comprise frame, power drive mechanism, supporting mechanism, dynamometry mechanism;

Described frame comprises base plate (1), motor fixing seat (2), pair of parallel guide rail (19,19-1), described motor fixing seat (2) is arranged on base plate (1), and pair of parallel guide rail (19,19-1) is symmetricly set in the guide-track groove of motor (3) axis both sides;

Described power drive mechanism comprises motor (3), leading screw (8), to slide unit (6,6-1), permanent seat (18), for clamping the trip bolt of test; Wherein, described motor (3) is arranged in motor fixing seat (2), described leading screw (8) is arranged on base plate (1) by the leading screw permanent seat (5,18) at two ends, leading screw (8) is coaxial with motor (3), and can rotate under motor (3) acts on;Slide unit (6,6-1) is arranged in pair of guide rails (19,19-1) by the guide-track groove of bottom by described one, slide unit (6,6-1) is arranged on the unsymmetrically screw thread at leading screw (8) two ends by described one respectively, leading screw (8) is threaded with slide unit, and leading screw (8) rotates and drives one to slide unit (6,6-1) constant speed reversing motion;

Described clamping device comprises corresponding with one pair of slide unit (6/6-1) and permanent seat (18) respectively three can dismantle permanent seat (10,10-1,10-2), three pins (7,7-1,7-2), three insulation pads (9,9-1,9-2); Described permanent seat of dismantling is convex shape, is arranged on end face or the side of described slide unit/permanent seat (18) by the recessed hole on slide unit and permanent seat (18), and is realized fixing by pin; Permanent seat (10,10-1) can be dismantled for clamping the upper and lower clamping block of style (21) and be fixed on the first two; Described three insulation pads (9,9-1,9-2) can be dismantled three permanent seat (10,10-1,10-2) respectively and be separated with corresponding slide unit or permanent seat;

Described dynamometry mechanism comprises slide block (15), force transducer (16), briquetting (17), briquetting screw (20-4); On the guide rail on the permanent seat dismantled (10-1) top that described slide block (15) is arranged on right side slide unit (6-1); Force transducer (16) right-hand end is fixed on by briquetting (17) and can dismantle on permanent seat by described briquetting screw (20-4), and force transducer (16) left end is arranged on slide block (15) by screw;

When described sample (21) is not installed, motor (3) rotates and drives two slide units (6,6-1) in opposite directions/opposing motion, right side slide unit (6-1) motion drives the motion of its upper rall, now slide block (15) keeps position constant because not stressing, and force transducer (16) numerical value is zero; After loading onto sample (21), when motor (3) rotates, because slide block (15) keeps its position on guide rail constant by power, and moving with right side slide unit (6-1), force transducer (16) completes measuring of sample load value by power;

Described support and dynamometry mechanism are arranged on slide unit and the top of leading screw right-hand member permanent seat (18), and sample keeps level, carries out microtexture in-situ observation in sample horizontal plane in drawing process;

Described support and dynamometry mechanism are arranged on slide unit and the side of leading screw right-hand member permanent seat (18), and sample is edge-on, can realize microtexture in-situ observation in sample side in drawing process.

2. as claimed in claim 1 for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microtexture original position online observation, it is characterised in that: described power drive mechanism also comprises shaft coupling (4), for connecting motor output shaft and leading screw.

3. as claimed in claim 1 for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microtexture original position online observation, it is characterised in that: adopt one group of screw to be fixedly connected with by described upper and lower clamping block, for style (21) being clamped.

4. as claimed in claim 1 for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microtexture original position online observation, it is characterized in that: in the top that three insulation pads are placed in two slide units (6,6-1) and silk permanent seat (18) respectively and square groove, the described square handle insertion slide unit dismantling permanent seat (10,10-1,10-2) bottom is with, in the square groove of permanent seat (18), by insulating, to dismantling, permanent seat positions pin; Described slide unit (6,6-1) is with can to dismantle permanent seat insulated from each other.

5. as claimed in claim 1 for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microtexture original position online observation, it is characterized in that: described lower clamping block permanent seat (14) is installed on slide block (15) by screw, clamping block (13) under right side is placed in lower clamping block permanent seat (14) deep gouge, therebetween insulated by insulation pad, and with insulation pin, lower clamping block (13) is positioned in lower blessing block permanent seat (14);Clamp block (11) under left side to be fixed on by screw (20-1) and can dismantle on permanent seat (10); Block (11,13) is clamped coaxial, and its clamping face is in same plane under two.

6. as claimed in claim 5 for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microtexture original position online observation, it is characterised in that: described two clamp block (12,12-1) and adopts screw to be fixed on lower clamping block.

7. as claimed in claim 1 for the multi-functional single shaft tensile test apparatus of microtexture original position online observation, it is characterised in that: clamp structure adopts plug formula to connect, and utilizes pin to locate, and is convenient to dismounting and realizes 90 ° of rotations.