CN105671957B - 用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备、应用及退浆方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备、应用及退浆方法,包括:(1)以啤酒酒糟为制备复合浆料的原材料,将上述材料置于氢氧化钠溶液中,在50‑90℃恒温条件下加热30‑90min,经离心或抽滤去除未溶解的残渣,取上清液用于制备可用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料;(2)用单纱浆纱机进行纯棉纱线的上浆工序,采用双浸双压方式,浆槽温度为40‑70℃,烘房温度为50‑80℃,浆纱速度为10‑50m/min,根据压力的调节来控制浆液在纱线中的渗透与披覆比例,用浆料浓度和压力协调控制上浆率。本发明制备的复合浆料价格低廉,上浆性能好,适用于棉纱上浆,且易退浆,不含任何难降解以及对环境有害物质,清洁环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的新型复合浆料的制备、应用及退浆方法。
背景技术
浆纱的目的在于通过使用浆料浸透与披覆纱线,使其强度增加,耐磨性提高,毛羽量降低,从而减少或防止经纱在织造过程中断头,提高织造效率,是纺织行业中不可或缺的一道工序。目前浆料行业最主要的三大品种是:聚乙烯醇,变性淀粉以及丙烯酸类浆料。淀粉浆料成膜性好,与天然纤维亲和力强,易于退浆;但淀粉浆料浆纱强力不够,易脆断,耐磨性差。聚乙烯醇浆料浆膜强力大,柔韧性好,常用于纯棉上浆,但聚乙烯醇退浆困难,退浆废水不易于降解,对环境污染大。聚丙烯酸浆料粘度较低,流动性好,对合成纤维粘附性好,在实际生产中,可以与淀粉、聚乙烯醇浆料进行混用,但是聚丙烯酸类浆料价格一直居高不下,不利于纺织企业降低生产成本。
啤酒酒糟,是啤酒工业的主要副产品,是以大麦为原料,经发酵处理之后,提取其籽实中可溶性碳水化合物后的残渣。每生产1吨啤酒将会产生0.2-0.3吨的啤酒糟,我国啤酒糟年产量已达1000多万吨,并且还在持续增加。啤酒酒糟价格低廉,为500-2000元/吨。目前多用于养殖方面,在其他方面的利用很少,将大量的啤酒酒糟进行户外堆置或丢弃会对环境造成污染。啤酒糟主要由麦芽的皮壳、叶芽、不溶性蛋白质、半纤维素、脂肪、灰分及少量未分解的淀粉和未洗出的可溶性浸出物组成。据分析指出,啤酒干酒糟中含粗蛋白20-30%、粗脂肪5-10%、粗纤维10-15%以及其他物质。其中油脂、酒精、纤维素以及木质素等物质可以提高复合浆料的性能,如改善浆膜的机械性能,提高浆料对经纱的粘附性,增加上浆纱线的耐磨性以及降低毛羽的能力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对现有啤酒酒糟利用及加工技术的不足,以及用于高支棉纱上浆的浆料还有所不足,基于啤酒酒糟中富含丰富的蛋白质、粗脂肪以及粗纤维等成分,提供一种从啤酒酒糟中提取并制备的复合浆料,将其用于高支纯棉纱线上浆。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将啤酒干酒糟加入水中,浴比为1:5—1:30,清洗1—5次,用50—100目的筛子进行过滤,滤去啤酒糟里面剩余的可溶性糖份,有利于浆膜性能的提高;
(2)将去糖之后的啤酒糟进行自然晾干,或者放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度可为50—105℃;
(3)采用万能粉碎机将啤酒干酒糟粉碎成30—50目的粉末;
(4)采用碱溶液对粉碎的啤酒干酒糟粉末里面的蛋白质类可溶性物质进行提取,去糖啤酒干酒糟与水的比例是1:6—1:10,碱浓度是0.25%—2%,加热温度是50—90℃,加热时间是30—90min;
(5)采用高速离心机将制得的啤酒糟混合溶液进行固液分离,离心转速为5000—10000rmp,离心时间为10—30min,或采用真空抽滤的方法进行固液分离,取上清液作为用于棉纱上浆的复合浆料。
作为优选,所述步骤(5)中制得的浆料浓度需要较高时,可以采用旋转蒸发设备对浆料液进行浓缩,浓缩至浆料含固率为10—15%。
作为优选,所述啤酒干酒糟为啤酒工业的副产品,是以大麦为原料,经发酵提取籽实中可溶性碳水化合物后的残渣。
作为优选,所述步骤(4)中的碱溶液为氢氧化钠溶液。
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料应用方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备好浓度为4—15%的复合浆料;
(2)开启单纱上浆机,将浆槽加热至40—70℃,烘房加热至50—80℃;
(3)将复合浆料倒入浆槽中,根据要求安装好各个零件,开始上浆,采用双浸双压的上浆方式,上浆车速为10—50m/min,烘纱时间为5—20min。
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料退浆方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用水对上浆纯棉织物进行退浆,退浆浴比1:10—1:40,在40—80℃条件下保温5~10min,并用玻璃棒不断进行搅拌;
(2)取出织物,用冷水清洗,浴比为5:1—20:1;
(3)将退浆且清洗干净的织物放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度为60—105℃,即得到退浆织物。
作为优选,所述织物经纬密较大或较厚,将步骤(1)和步骤(2)重复1—5次,从而得到彻底退浆的织物。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明采用粉末状的啤酒干酒糟粉作为制备复合浆料的原料,有利于提高提取率,缩短提取时间,节能环保。
2、采用本发明浆料配方制得的复合浆料粘度小,有利于浆液更好的渗透进纯棉纱线内部,提高上浆效率。
3、本发明的浆料因其本身含有多种物质,浆膜性能优异,可明显降低纯棉纱线的毛羽量,提高纱线的耐磨性能,特别适用于高支纯棉纱线的上浆。
4、本发明的酒糟中所含成分无毒无害,在浆料的制备与使用过程中也没有添加任何对人体及环境有害物质,也不含聚乙烯醇等难降解物质,因此更加环保,易于降解。
5、本发明采用的浆料原料是啤酒酒糟,啤酒酒糟是生产啤酒的副产物,价格低廉,使得啤酒酒糟得到充分的利用,同时还可以降低纺织厂的生产成本,促进纺织业更好的发展。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征,或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要)中公开的任一特征,除非特别叙述,均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即,除非特别叙述,每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
实施例1
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将啤酒干酒糟加入水中,浴比为1:5,清洗4次,用50目的筛子进行过滤,滤去啤酒糟里面剩余的可溶性糖份,有利于浆膜性能的提高;
(2)将去糖之后的啤酒糟置于室外,进行自然晾干;
(3)采用万能粉碎机将啤酒干酒糟粉碎成50目的粉末;
(4)采用氢氧化钠溶液对粉碎的啤酒干酒糟粉末里面的蛋白质类可溶性物质进行提取,去糖啤酒干酒糟与水的比例是1:6,碱浓度是1%,加热温度是50℃,加热时间是30min;
(5)采用高速离心机将制得的啤酒糟混合溶液进行固液分离,离心转速为5000rmp,离心时间为30min,取上清液作为用于棉纱上浆的复合浆料;
(6)若制备得到的浆液浓度过低,故采用旋转蒸发设备对浆液进行浓缩,浓缩至浆料含固率为10%。
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料应用方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照上述复合浆料的制备方法,制备好浓度为8%的复合浆液;
(2)开启单纱上浆机,将浆槽加热至70℃,烘房加热至50℃;
(3)将复合浆液倒入浆槽中,根据要求安装后各个零件,开始上浆。采用双浸双压的上浆方式,上浆车速为10m/min,烘纱时间为20min。
其中,根据压力的调节来控制浆液在纱线中的渗透与披覆比例,用浆料浓度和压力协调控制上浆率。
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料退浆方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用水对上浆纯棉织物进行退浆,退浆浴比1:10,在80℃条件下保温5min,并用玻璃棒不断进行搅拌,有助于退浆均匀且更加快速;
(2)取出织物,用冷水清洗,浴比为5:1;
(3)将步骤(1)和(2)重复2次,从而得到彻底退浆的织物;
(4)将退浆且清洗干净的织物放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度为60℃,即得到退浆织物。
实施例2
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将啤酒干酒糟加入水中,浴比为1:30,清洗1次,用100目的筛子进行过滤,滤去啤酒糟里面剩余的可溶性糖份,有利于浆膜性能的提高;
(2)将去糖之后的啤酒糟放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度可为50℃;
(3)采用万能粉碎机将啤酒干酒糟粉碎成50目的粉末;
(4)采用碱溶液对粉碎的啤酒干酒糟粉末里面的蛋白质类可溶性物质进行提取,去糖啤酒干酒糟与水的比例是1:10,碱浓度是1.5%,加热温度是90℃,加热时间是60min;
(5)采用高速离心机将制得的啤酒糟混合溶液进行固液分离,离心转速为10000rmp,离心时间为10min,取上清液作为用于棉纱上浆的复合浆料;
(6)若制备得到的浆液浓度过低,故采用旋转蒸发设备对浆液进行浓缩,浓缩至浆料含固率为15%。
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料应用方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照上述复合浆料的制备方法,制备好浓度为15%的复合浆液;
(2)开启单纱上浆机,将浆槽加热至70℃,烘房加热至80℃;
(3)将复合浆液倒入浆槽中,根据要求安装后各个零件,开始上浆。采用双浸双压的上浆方式,上浆车速为30m/min,烘纱时间为10min。
其中,根据压力的调节来控制浆液在纱线中的渗透与披覆比例,用浆料浓度和压力协调控制上浆率。
一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料退浆方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用水对上浆纯棉织物进行退浆,退浆浴比1:30,在40℃条件下保温10min,并用玻璃棒不断进行搅拌,有助于退浆均匀且更加快速;
(2)取出织物,用冷水清洗,浴比为20:1;
(3)退浆织物选择为经纬密较大的织物,为了保证退浆完全,将步骤(1)和(2)重复3次,从而得到彻底退浆的织物;
(4)将退浆且清洗干净的织物放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度为105℃,即得到退浆织物。
本发明中的干酒糟易于保存与使用,因此可以一次制备大量的去糖啤酒干酒糟,有利于不同时间段实验的稳定性。用干酒糟制成的浆液只取用上清液,其残渣可以作为家禽、鱼类的饲料以及土地的肥料,进行再次利用,安全环保;另外,本发明制得的复合浆料粘度低,流动性好,故浆槽温度不需要很高即可达到很好的上浆效果,起到明显的节能效果。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明。本发明扩展到任何在本说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合,以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的组合。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将啤酒干酒糟加入水中,浴比为1:5—1:30,清洗1—5次,用50—100目的筛子进行过滤,滤去啤酒糟里面剩余的可溶性糖份,有利于浆膜性能的提高;
(2)将去糖之后的啤酒糟进行自然晾干,或者放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度可为50—105℃;
(3)采用万能粉碎机将啤酒干酒糟粉碎成30—50目的粉末;
(4)采用碱溶液对粉碎的啤酒干酒糟粉末里面的蛋白质类可溶性物质进行提取,去糖啤酒干酒糟与水的比例是1:6—1:10,碱浓度是0.25%—2%,加热温度是50—90℃,加热时间是30—90min;
(5)采用高速离心机将制得的啤酒糟混合溶液进行固液分离,离心转速为5000—10000rmp,离心时间为10—30min,或采用真空抽滤的方法进行固液分离,取上清液作为用于棉纱上浆的复合浆料。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中制得的浆料浓度需要较高时,可以采用旋转蒸发设备对浆料液进行浓缩,浓缩至浆料含固率为10—15%。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备方法,其特征在于,所述啤酒干酒糟为啤酒工业的副产品,是以大麦为原料,经发酵提取籽实中可溶性碳水化合物后的残渣。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的碱溶液为氢氧化钠溶液。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料退浆方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用水对上浆纯棉织物进行退浆,退浆浴比1:10—1:40,在40—80℃条件下保温5~10 min,并用玻璃棒不断进行搅拌;
(2)取出织物,用冷水清洗,浴比为5:1—20:1;
(3)将退浆且清洗干净的织物放入鼓风式烘箱进行烘干,温度为60—105℃,即得到退浆织物。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于高支纯棉纱线上浆的复合浆料退浆方法,其特征在于,所述织物经纬密较大或较厚,将步骤(1)和步骤(2)重复1—5次,从而得到彻底退浆的织物。
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