CN105671949A - 一种防混染用辅料 - Google Patents

一种防混染用辅料 Download PDF

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CN105671949A
CN105671949A CN201610043482.8A CN201610043482A CN105671949A CN 105671949 A CN105671949 A CN 105671949A CN 201610043482 A CN201610043482 A CN 201610043482A CN 105671949 A CN105671949 A CN 105671949A
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quaternary ammonium
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耿云花
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Abstract

一种防混染用辅料，解决目前衣物洗涤过程中中深色服装掉色混染的问题，包括无纺布，在所述无纺布上含有防混染成分，所述防混染成分包括三甲基苄基氯化铵、环氧有机硅季铵盐、壳聚糖季铵盐、草酸、聚丙烯酸钠、邻苯二甲酸酯、2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑。本发明在无纺布上附着有超强的吸收褪色能力和锁住颜色能力的化学助剂，能给衣物洗涤过程中褪下来的颜色固定，避免再度污染其它不同颜色的衣物，保证衣物的品质和档次，同时极大的提高了衣物洗涤时的方便程度，节约了时间，提高了家庭生活质量和效率。

Description

一种防混染用辅料
技术领域
本发明涉及印染行业，具体涉及一种用非织造布制作的防止织物洗涤过程中相互混染的辅料。
背景技术
众所周知，直接染料、酸性染料仅靠范德华力、氢键与纤维结合，其潮湿环境下耐洗涤牢度较差；活性染料以共价键与纤维结合，洗涤牢度也很一般，但在染中、深色时其耐洗涤牢度也比较低；用不溶性偶氮染料及硫化染料（含液体硫化染料）染深色时其耐水洗牢度也不理想。日常买来的衣服，染色工艺和所用材质虽然不同，但大多存在水洗掉色问题尤其是深色衣物。在家庭洗涤过程中无法做到单独只洗一件，当不同颜色的衣物放在一起洗涤时，常常发生混染问题，影响洗涤效果，更为严重的是对于高档产品的品质和档次都大为破坏，含有染料的生活污水也会对环境造成污染。通常该问题的解决方法是加入少许盐来降低褪色程度，或将褪色衣物单独洗涤，但这两种方法都很麻烦，而且效果也不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防混染用辅料，解决目前衣物洗涤过程中中深色服装掉色混染的问题。为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种防混染用辅料，包括无纺布，在所述无纺布上含有防混染成分。
所述防混染成分包括三甲基苄基氯化铵、环氧有机硅季铵盐、壳聚糖季铵盐、草酸、聚丙烯酸钠、邻苯二甲酸酯、2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑。
其中优选环氧有机硅季铵盐为二乙基—2，3－环氧丙基—[3-（甲基二甲氧基）]硅丙基氯化铵；无纺布为棉浆、再生纤维素、亚麻纤维等制成，为棉浆制成时，棉浆含量为0-90％，其中棉浆含量越高吸收褪色效果越好。
其中所述壳聚糖季铵盐的制备具体按以下步骤实施：
a、壳聚糖氨基的保护反应
以每克10～15mL的比例将壳聚糖溶于2.5wt%的乙酸水溶液中，溶解后呈浅黄色粘稠溶液，以壳聚糖与氨基保护剂的质量比为1:3～4的比例，室温下边搅拌边往上述所得浅黄色粘稠溶液中缓慢滴加氨基保护剂，40min内滴完，之后升温至60℃搅拌加热回流3～4h，停止反应，冷却后于800～1000rpm的速度搅拌下滴加1.00mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液至体系pH值为6.0～8.0，析出浅黄色沉淀，抽滤，用95wt%的乙醇水溶液充分洗涤；50～60℃下真空干燥得到浅黄色壳聚糖Schiff碱中间体粉末；
b、壳聚糖季铵盐的制备
按壳聚糖与阳离子醚化剂的质量比为1:2.0～3.0的比例，将阳离子醚化剂和步骤a制得的壳聚糖Schiff碱中间体粉末装入反应容器中，缓慢加入适量的10wt%氢氧化钠水溶液至反应体系pH值为9.0～10.0，在80～85℃下搅拌反应4～6h，得到粘稠状产物；产物用丙酮沉淀，过滤，再用95wt%的乙醇水溶液洗涤至溶液pH值为7.0，产物在50～60℃下真空干燥得到季铵化壳聚糖Schiff碱白色粉末；
c、壳聚糖氨基的脱保护反应
按盐酸与季铵化壳聚糖Schiff碱白色粉末质量比为1:3.0～5.0的比例，将步骤b制得的季铵化壳聚糖Schiff碱固体粉末溶于0.25mol/L的盐酸乙醇溶液中，室温搅拌3～4h后，80～85℃下蒸馏去除溶剂乙醇，得胶状物，加入1/4~1/3倍盐酸乙醇溶液体积的水溶解后用丙酮沉淀，抽滤，50～60℃真空干燥得到壳聚糖季铵盐粉末。
本发明所述防混染用辅料的制备方法如下：
1.将重量百分比为2-5％三甲基苄基氯化铵、5－7％环氧有机硅季铵盐、2－3％壳聚糖季铵盐、1.5-6％聚丙烯酸钠、0.5-3％邻苯二甲酸酯、1-2％2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑，余量为棉浆或再生纤维素浆液混合，升温至50-60℃后保温60-80min，放液清洗；
2.用水刺法将步骤1得到的棉浆生产成水刺无纺布；
3.将无纺布裁成宽度为1-1.5米的长布条卷成滚筒状；
4.将浓度为2-10％（重量）的草酸溶液匀速加入浸渍槽内，同时将长布条以3-5m/min的速度匀速通过浸渍槽；
5.步骤4的无纺布条通过烘箱通道，烘烤温度为105-120℃，控制烘烤时间使含液率低于8％；
6.自然冷却干燥，剪裁成小片状，包装制得成品。
本发明的防混染用辅料的使用方法，包括如下步骤：在洗衣物时，将需要换洗的衣服投入洗衣机，放入洗涤剂，同时将本发明所述防混染用辅料放入，跟衣服一起洗。洗涤完毕后，取出所述辅料，可以看到褪色的颜色被本品牢牢吸附，丢弃即可，需要时可以用碱液或牙膏搓揉后重复使用。首次洗涤的衣物及褪色较为严重的衣物请适量增加辅料片材用量。
由于本发明的防混染整理成分使无纺布纤维的羟基基团接枝有吸附染料基团，该基团和衣服水洗过程中掉色的染料通过静电引力作用相吸，且与含有活泼氢的化合物发生化学反应得到含有季铵基的多功能化学品，可以吸附水中的褪色染料，防止这些染料沾污淡色衣服。本方法副产物少、工艺操作简单，需要时可以重复使用。
本发明的有益效果在于：在无纺布上附着有超强的吸收褪色能力和锁住颜色能力的化学助剂，能给衣物洗涤过程中褪下来的颜色固定，避免再度污染其它不同颜色的衣物，保证衣物的品质和档次，同时极大的提高了衣物洗涤时的方便程度，节约了时间，提高了家庭生活质量和效率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将重量百分比为2％三甲基苄基氯化铵、5％二乙基—2，3－环氧丙基—[3-（甲基二甲氧基）]硅丙基氯化铵、2％壳聚糖季铵盐、1.5％聚丙烯酸钠，0.53％邻苯二甲酸酯、1.2％2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑，棉浆余量混合，升温至50-60℃后保温60-80min，放液清洗；用水刺法将得到的棉浆生产成水刺无纺布；将无纺布裁成宽度为1米的长布条卷成滚筒状；将浓度为2％（重量）的草酸溶液匀速加入浸渍槽内，同时将长布条以3-5m/min的速度匀速通过浸渍槽；无纺布条通过烘箱通道，烘烤温度为105-120℃，控制烘烤时间使含液率低于6％；自然冷却干燥，剪裁成小片状，包装制得成品。使用时，无纺布能迅速吸附脱落的染料。
实施例2
将重量百分比为4％三甲基苄基氯化铵、5.5％环氧有机硅季铵盐、2.3％壳聚糖季铵盐、3.2％聚丙烯酸钠，3％邻苯二甲酸酯、2％2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑，棉浆余量混合，升温至55℃后保温68min，放液清洗；用水刺法将得到的棉浆生产成水刺无纺布；将无纺布裁成宽度为1-1.5米的长布条卷成滚筒状，将浓度为8％（重量）的草酸溶液匀速加入浸渍槽内，同时将长布条以3.4m/min的速度匀速通过浸渍槽；无纺布条通过烘箱通道，烘烤温度为105-120℃，控制烘烤时间使含液率低于8％；自然冷却干燥，剪裁成小片状，包装制得成品。使用时，无纺布能迅速吸附脱落的染料。
比较例1
分别取98质量分的无纺布和2质量分的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵，需要说明的是，无纺布的棉浆含量为0～90%，棉浆含量越高其吸色效果越好。将所取聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵配制成质量百分比浓度为50%的水溶液；将无纺布裁成宽度为1.5米的长布条并卷成滚筒状。将所配制的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液匀速地加入浸液槽内，同时，将无纺布裁成宽度为1.5米的长布条以4米/分钟的速度匀速通过浸液槽，控制聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液加入浸液槽的速度，即根据无纺布全部通过浸液槽的时间调节聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液加入浸液槽的补液量，当无纺布全部通过浸液槽时聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液恰好全部用尽，使聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液均匀浸透到无纺布上；然后，将含有聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵水溶液的无纺布通过烤箱烘道进行烘烤，烤箱烘道的烘烤温度为105度，烘烤至无纺布的含水率低于5%后取出；将附着有聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵裁剪成小片状，自然冷却干燥，包装制得成品。
比较例2
配制8克/升聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物水溶液，浴比为20∶1，加热至90℃后形成前处理剂溶液，在该前处理剂溶液中加入氢氧化钠调节pH值，加入量为5克/升，使pH值不小于10。再将清洗后的无纺布放入该前处理剂溶液中反应35分钟，使无纺布纤维的羟基基团上接枝有吸附染料基团，改性完毕；取出无纺布，热水洗涤后再用冷水洗涤，烘干。最后将烘干后的无纺布制作成布条。
将实施例1、2和比较例1、2分别与同种纯黑色容易掉色衣物堆混合洗涤，用片材颜色深浅表示洗涤后吸收褪色情况。
由实验效果可知，采用本发明的防混染配方，在多种成分的配合之下，不仅吸收褪色效果显著，而且可以多次洗涤重复使用。
上面所述的实施例仅是对本发明优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均落入本发明的权利要求书限定的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种防混染用辅料，包括无纺布，在所述无纺布上含有功能性整理成分。
2.如权利要求1所述的防混染用辅料，其特征在于功能性整理成分为防混染成分，其中包括2-5％（重量）三甲基苄基氯化铵、5－7％（重量）环氧有机硅季铵盐、2－3％（重量）壳聚糖季铵盐、1.5-6％聚丙烯酸钠、0.5-3％（重量）邻苯二甲酸酯、1-2％（重量）2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑。
3.如权利要求2所述的防混染用辅料，其特征在于环氧有机硅季铵盐为二乙基－2，3－环氧丙基－[3-（甲基二甲氧基）]硅丙基氯化铵；无纺布为以棉浆、再生纤维素或亚麻纤维为原料制成，当采用棉浆时，棉浆含量为80-90％。
4.如权利要求1-2所述的防混染用辅料的制备方法如下：
将重量百分比为2-5％三甲基苄基氯化铵、5－7％环氧有机硅季铵盐、2－3％壳聚糖季铵盐、1.5-6％聚丙烯酸钠、0.5-3％邻苯二甲酸酯、1-2％2-（4-噻唑基）苯并咪唑，余量为棉浆或再生纤维素浆液混合，升温至50-60℃后保温60-80min，放液清洗；
用水刺法将步骤（1）得到的棉浆生产成水刺无纺布；
将无纺布裁成宽度为1-1.5米的长布条卷成滚筒状
将浓度为2-10％（重量）的草酸溶液匀速加入浸渍槽内，同时将长布条以3-5m/min的速度匀速通过浸渍槽；
步骤（4）的无纺布条通过烘箱通道，烘烤温度为105-120℃，控制烘烤时间使含液率低于8％；
自然冷却干燥，剪裁成小片状，包装制得成品。
5.如权利要求4所述的防混染用辅料的制备方法，其特征在于环氧有机硅季铵盐为二乙基－2，3－环氧丙基－[3-（甲基二甲氧基）]硅丙基氯化铵。
6.如权利要求4所述的防混染用辅料的制备方法，其特征在于所述壳聚糖季铵盐的制备具体按以下步骤实施：
a、壳聚糖氨基的保护反应
以每克10～15mL的比例将壳聚糖溶于2.5wt%的乙酸水溶液中，溶解后呈浅黄色粘稠溶液，以壳聚糖与氨基保护剂的质量比为1:3～4的比例，室温下边搅拌边往上述所得浅黄色粘稠溶液中缓慢滴加氨基保护剂，40min内滴完，之后升温至60℃搅拌加热回流3～4h，停止反应，冷却后于750rpm的速度搅拌下滴加1.00mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液至体系pH值为6.0～7.0，析出浅黄色沉淀，抽滤，用85wt%的乙醇水溶液充分洗涤；50～60℃下真空干燥得到浅黄色壳聚糖Schiff碱中间体粉末；
b、壳聚糖季铵盐的制备
按壳聚糖与阳离子醚化剂的质量比为1:2.0～3.0的比例，将阳离子醚化剂和步骤a制得的壳聚糖Schiff碱中间体粉末装入反应容器中，缓慢加入适量的10wt%氢氧化钠水溶液至反应体系pH值为9.5，在80～85℃下搅拌反应3h，得到粘稠状产物；产物用丙酮沉淀，过滤，再用95wt%的乙醇水溶液洗涤至溶液pH值为7.0，产物在50～60℃下真空干燥得到季铵化壳聚糖Schiff碱白色粉末；
c、壳聚糖氨基的脱保护反应
按盐酸与季铵化壳聚糖Schiff碱白色粉末质量比为1:3.0～5.0的比例，将步骤b制得的季铵化壳聚糖Schiff碱固体粉末溶于0.25mol/L的盐酸乙醇溶液中，室温搅拌2h后，75℃下蒸馏去除溶剂乙醇，得胶状物，加入1/4-1/3倍盐酸乙醇溶液体积的水溶解后用丙酮沉淀，抽滤，50～60℃真空干燥得到壳聚糖季铵盐粉末。
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