CN105670111B - 一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料 - Google Patents

一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料 Download PDF

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CN105670111B
CN105670111B CN201511033032.2A CN201511033032A CN105670111B CN 105670111 B CN105670111 B CN 105670111B CN 201511033032 A CN201511033032 A CN 201511033032A CN 105670111 B CN105670111 B CN 105670111B
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梅长彤
潘明珠
徐信武
黄润州
雍宬
徐兵
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料。耐老化增强木塑复合材料为表芯层结构,表层为耐老化木塑复合材料层,以聚烯烃塑料、木质纤维、紫外光屏蔽剂、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂、偶联剂为原料;芯层为纳米晶态纤维素改性的增强木塑复合材料层,以聚烯烃塑料、木质纤维、纳米晶态纤维素、润滑剂、偶联剂为原料。原料按比例经过初混,表层原料置于单螺杆挤出机、芯层原料置于双螺杆挤出机,经熔融塑化后同步挤出、定型、冷却,制成耐老化增强木塑复合材料。本发明制得的木塑复合材料具备较高的刚度和抗老化性能,同时,表层具有一定的耐菌性和耐磨性。

Description

一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于木塑复合材料的制造领域,具体涉及一种通过改变表、芯层的组分制备耐老化增强木塑复合材料及其制造方法。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是木材(或其他植物纤维)与热塑性塑料按一定比例混合,并添加助剂,经高温挤压、成型等工艺制成一定形状的型材、片材或板材。木塑复合材料可有效地解决单一原料的某些性能缺陷。生产过程中制成的产品具有与硬木相当的抗压、抗冲击等物理、机械性能,可抗强酸碱、耐水、耐腐蚀,耐用性明显优于普通木质材料。该复合材料主要应用于托盘、包装箱、集装器具等包装产品,底铺板、枕木等仓储用品,室外地板、护栏、园林椅等户外用品。对于在室外使用的木塑复合材料,由于长期暴露容易发生开裂、褪色等老化现象,此外,由于木材(或其他植物纤维)多为填充效应,材料的抗蠕变性能下降,从而缩短使用寿命、限定其使用范围。所以对传统的木塑复合材料进行改性,改善其耐老化性、增强其刚度就十分重要。
目前,国内外木塑复合材料的抗老化方法主要采用在整个木塑复合材料体系内添加紫外光吸收剂、紫外光屏蔽剂等来实现。这种处理存在两个局限:(1)由于紫外光吸收剂、紫外光屏蔽剂等填料需在整个体系内分散,故添加量大,生产成本高;(2)紫外光吸收剂、紫外光屏蔽剂等填料在整个体系内的分散性差、相容性差,影响木塑复合材料的抗老化效果和材料整体的力学性能。
共挤技术是一种使用两台或两台以上挤出机通过一个复合共挤机头联合在一起,挤出机分别供给不同的熔融物料,并在复合机头内汇合后连续挤出多层复合产品,从而实现通过不同的表层与芯层材料的融合,为木塑复合材料提供不同的性能。芯层往往提供力学性能,以普通木塑或高填充量木质纤维的木塑为主,表层则通过添加不同的助剂赋予木塑复合材料不同的功能。通过表芯层结构的设计和组分的变化可以赋予木塑复合材料不同的功能。
目前国内暂未见到通过在木塑复合材料的表层添加抗紫外光吸收剂、紫外光屏蔽剂等填料并且采用共挤技术制备表面抗老化木塑复合材料的相关专利。
发明内容
本发明的目的
为了克服传统的木塑复合材料存在的耐老化性差、抗蠕变性差的缺陷,本发明提供一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料,通过材料结构的设计和制备方法的改进,同步提高木塑复合材料的耐老化性和刚度。
本发明的技术解决方案
本发明将木塑复合材料设计为表芯层结构,表层为耐老化木塑复合材料层,芯层为纳米晶态纤维素增强的木塑复合材料层,然后利用共挤技术同步挤出定型,制成耐老化增强木塑复合材料。
一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料的具体制备方法如下:
(1)按照表层组分的重量百分比,称取聚烯烃塑料30~70%、木质纤维5~30%、紫外光屏蔽剂5~20%、紫外线吸收剂1~6%、润滑剂1~2%、偶联剂2~3%,上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100%,
(2)按照芯层组分的重量百分比,称取聚烯烃塑料15~55%、木质纤维30~65%、纳米晶态纤维素10~25%、润滑剂2~3%、偶联剂2~4%,上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100%;
(3)将上述称取好的紫外光屏蔽剂喷涂到表层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(1)称取好的聚烯烃塑料、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;
(4)将上述称取好的纳米晶态纤维素喷涂到芯层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(2)称取好的聚烯烃塑料、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;
(5)将上述干燥好的混合物分别置于挤出机料斗中,其中,表层混合物置于单螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为140~240℃,螺杆转速为5~12r/min,芯层混合物置于双螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为155~220℃,螺杆转速是4~6r/min,使得原料熔融塑化;然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具,由模具挤出定型、冷却、切割,制成耐老化增强木塑复合材料。
本发明的优点
本发明所制备的一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料具备较高的刚度(拉伸弹性模量≥2500MPa,弯曲弹性模量≥3500MPa),氙灯加速老化1200h后,色差ΔE*≤15.3,白度ΔL*≤18,同时表层具有一定的抗菌性和耐磨性。
附图说明
附图1是耐老化增强木塑复合材料的表芯层结构。
具体实施方式
实施例1,(1)表层组分按重量百分比称取67%的聚丙烯、10%的木质纤维、19%的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化锌胶体(胶体的质量分数为15~35%)、1%的二苯甲酮、1%的润滑剂、2%的偶联剂;(2)芯层组分按重量百分比称取19.5%的聚乙烯、65%的木质纤维、10%的纳米晶态纤维素(质量分数为3~10%)、2%的润滑剂、3.5%的偶联剂;(3)将称取好的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化锌胶体喷涂到表层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(1)称取好的聚丙烯、二苯甲酮、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(4)将上述的称取好的纳米晶态纤维素喷涂到芯层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(2)称取好的聚乙烯、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(5)将上述干燥好的混合物分别置于挤出机料斗中,其中,表层混合物置于单螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为200℃,螺杆转速为5~12r/min,芯层混合物置于双螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为155℃,螺杆转速是4~6r/min,使得原料熔融塑化;然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具,由模具挤出定型;(6)通过牵引方式冷却、定型、切割,制成阻燃木塑复合材料。经测试,制备得到的木塑复合材料拉伸弹性模量2630MPa、弯曲弹性模量3525MPa,氙灯加速老化1200h后,色差ΔE*15.0,白度ΔL*17.2。
实施例2,(1)表层组分按重量百分比称取66%的聚苯乙烯、5%的木质纤维、20%的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化钛胶体(胶体的质量分数为15~35%)、5%的二苯甲酮、1%的润滑剂、3%的偶联剂;(2)芯层组分按重量百分比称取18%的聚乙烯、60%的木质纤维、15%的纳米晶态纤维素(质量分数为3~10%)、3%的润滑剂、4%的偶联剂;(3)将称取好的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化钛胶体喷涂到表层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(1)称取好的聚苯乙烯、二苯甲酮、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(4)将上述的称取好的纳米晶态纤维素喷涂到芯层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(2)称取好的聚乙烯、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(5)将上述干燥好的混合物分别置于挤出机料斗中,其中,表层混合物置于单螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为220℃,螺杆转速为5~12r/min,芯层混合物置于双螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为165℃,螺杆转速是4~6r/min,使得原料熔融塑化;然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具,由模具挤出定型;(6)通过牵引方式冷却、定型、切割,制成阻燃木塑复合材料。经测试,制备得到的木塑复合材料拉伸弹性模量2710MPa、弯曲弹性模量3580MPa,氙灯加速老化1200h后,色差ΔE*14.7,白度ΔL*17.6。
实施例3,(1)表层组分按重量百分比称取60%的聚乙烯、17%的木质纤维、15%的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铝胶体(胶体的质量分数为15~35%)、3%的苯并三唑、2%的润滑剂、3%的偶联剂;(2)芯层组分按重量百分比称取25%的聚乙烯、54%的木质纤维、15%的纳米晶态纤维素(质量分数为3~10%)、3%的润滑剂、3%的偶联剂;(3)将称取好的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铝胶体喷涂到表层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(1)称取好的聚乙烯、苯并三唑、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(4)将上述的称取好的纳米晶态纤维素喷涂到芯层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(2)称取好的聚乙烯、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(5)将上述干燥好的混合物分别置于挤出机料斗中,其中,表层混合物置于单螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为140℃,螺杆转速为5~12r/min,芯层混合物置于双螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为165℃,螺杆转速是4~6r/min,使得原料熔融塑化;然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具,由模具挤出定型;(6)通过牵引方式冷却、定型、切割,制成阻燃木塑复合材料。经测试,制备得到的木塑复合材料拉伸弹性模量2750MPa、弯曲弹性模量3610MPa,氙灯加速老化1200h后,色差ΔE*13.8,白度ΔL*16.3。
实施例4,(1)表层组分按重量百分比称取70%的聚乙烯、14%的木质纤维、10%的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铬胶体(胶体的质量分数为15~35%)、1%的苯并三唑、2%的润滑剂、3%的偶联剂;(2)芯层组分按重量百分比称取18%的聚氯乙烯、51%的木质纤维、25%的纳米晶态纤维素(质量分数为3~10%)、3%的润滑剂、3%的偶联剂;(3)将称取好的纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铬胶体喷涂到表层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(1)称取好的聚乙烯、苯并三唑、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(4)将上述的称取好的纳米晶态纤维素喷涂到芯层木质纤维表面,再与上述步骤(2)称取好的聚氯乙烯、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;(5)将上述干燥好的混合物分别置于挤出机料斗中,其中,表层混合物置于单螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为140℃,螺杆转速为5~12r/min,芯层混合物置于双螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为165℃,螺杆转速是4~6r/min,使得原料熔融塑化;然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具,由模具挤出定型;(6)通过牵引方式冷却、定型、切割,制成阻燃木塑复合材料。经测试,制备得到的木塑复合材料拉伸弹性模量2830MPa、弯曲弹性模量3710MPa,氙灯加速老化1200h后,色差ΔE*14.8,白度ΔL*17.7。

Claims (2)

1.一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料,其特征在于木塑复合材料的结构为表芯层结构,表层即外层为耐老化木塑复合材料层,厚度为0.8mm~2.0mm;芯层即内层为增强木塑复合材料层,厚度为4mm~20mm;
(1)表层组分的重量百分比如下:聚烯烃塑料30~70%、木质纤维5~30%、紫外光屏蔽剂5~20%、紫外线吸收剂1~6%、润滑剂1~2%、偶联剂2~3%,上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100%,
(2)芯层组分的重量百分比如下:聚烯烃塑料15~55%、木质纤维30~65%、纳米晶态纤维素10~25%、润滑剂2~3%、偶联剂2~4%,上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100%;
所述表层和芯层的聚烯烃塑料是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯中的一种或者几种的混合物;
所述表层和芯层的木质纤维是木材、稻秸、麦秸、锯末、稻壳中的一种或者几种的混合物,粒径为20~120目;
所述表层的紫外光屏蔽剂是纳米晶态纤维素/氧化锌胶体、纳米晶态纤维素/氧化钛胶体、纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铝胶体、纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铬胶体、纳米晶态纤维素/氧化铅胶体中的一种或者几种的混合物,胶体的质量分数为15~35%;
所述表层的紫外线吸收剂是二苯甲酮、苯并三唑中的一种或者两种的混合物;
所述芯层的纳米晶态纤维素,质量分数为3~10%;
所述表层和芯层的润滑剂是硬脂酸、石蜡、滑石粉、碳酸钙、聚乙烯蜡中的一种或者几种的混合物;
所述表层和芯层的偶联剂是马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、硅烷偶联剂、碳酸酯偶联剂中的一种或者几种的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐老化增强木塑复合材料,其特征在于木塑复合材料表芯层的同步挤出,步骤包括:
(1)按照表层组分的重量百分比,聚烯烃塑料30~70%、木质纤维5~30%、紫外光屏蔽剂5~20%、紫外线吸收剂1~6%、润滑剂1~2%、偶联剂2~3%,上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100%,
(2)按照芯层组分的重量百分比,聚烯烃塑料15~55%、木质纤维30~65%、纳米晶态纤维素10~25%、润滑剂2~3%、偶联剂2~4%,上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100%;
(3)按照表层组分,将上述称取好的紫外光屏蔽剂喷涂到表层木质纤维表面,再与称取好的聚烯烃塑料、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;
(4)按照芯层组分,将上述称取好的纳米晶态纤维素喷涂到芯层木质纤维表面,再与称取好的聚烯烃塑料、润滑剂、偶联剂分别进行初混、干燥,干燥温度为105℃,干燥时间为2h;
(5)将上述干燥好的混合物分别置于挤出机料斗中,其中,表层混合物置于单螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为140~240℃,螺杆转速为5~12r/min,芯层混合物置于双螺杆挤出机,机筒温度为155~220℃,螺杆转速是4~6r/min,使得原料熔融塑化;然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具,由模具挤出定型;
(6)通过牵引方式冷却、定型、切割,制成耐老化增强木塑复合材料。
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