CN1056599C - 双(苯基)乙烷衍生物 - Google Patents
双(苯基)乙烷衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1056599C CN1056599C CN93100329A CN93100329A CN1056599C CN 1056599 C CN1056599 C CN 1056599C CN 93100329 A CN93100329 A CN 93100329A CN 93100329 A CN93100329 A CN 93100329A CN 1056599 C CN1056599 C CN 1056599C
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I化合物,它以游离态或可能时以盐的形式存在。该化合物有着令人感兴趣的抗过度增殖/消炎及防癌活性。
其中R1、R2、R3和R4如说明书中所述。
Description
其中:
R1与R2分别是烷氧基,
R3为氢或酰基,且
R4为烷氧基,
以游离形式,或可能时,以盐的形式存在,本文以后简称为“本发明化合物”。
本发明化合物具有不同的药理学的,特别是抗过度增殖与抗癌活性。
作为取代基如烷氧基一部分的烷基最好有1至4个碳原子,特别是甲基或乙基。
酰基最好是羧酸的残基,特别是烷基、芳烷基或芳香羧酸,而芳基最好是苯基。酰基的亚烷基部分,包括羰基,最好有1至5个碳原子。一优选的酰基部分为乙酰基。
在一组优选的本发明化合物中,R1和R2分别是1至4个碳原子的烷氧基,而R3与R4则如上述定义。
在另一类化合物中,R1和R2分别是1至4个碳原子的烷氧基,R3为氢或总碳原子数为2至5的烷基羰基,R4为碳原子数为1至4的烷氧基(Is化合物);其中R1与R2尤其分别是甲氧基或乙氧基;R4尤其为甲氧基或乙氧基。
本发明化合物可经下述方法制备,它包括:
其中:
R1和R2为上所定义,
R5为羟基或烷氧基,和
R6为氢或酰基,
且可经酯交换反应将烷氧基R4转化为一不同的烷氧基R4,
这样得来的官能团可以是被保护的形式,反应后将保护基除去,
且以游离态或可能时以盐的形式回收所得的式I化合物。
本发明方法可以常规方式进行。
方法变体a)一般通过氢化作用进行,最好将氢与氢化催化剂如Pd,Pt或Rh一起使用更加优选的是采用Pd/C催化剂。
方法变体b):也以常规方式进行。
酯交换作用以及酯化作用最好在强酸如硫酸存在下与欲引入的酯基相应的醇反应进行。
保护基的除去也按常规方法进行。可被适当保护的官能团为羟基,如被三烷基甲硅烷基保护。例如三烷基甲硅烷基的除去可通过用氢氟酸在如乙腈的溶剂中处理进行。
本发明的最终产物可用已知的方法,如色谱法从反应混合物中分离并提纯。
原料也可用常规方法获得:
式II化合物(其中-X-X-为1,2-亚乙烯基)可由对应的式IV化合物:(其中X-为阴离子,最好是溴化物)与对应的式V化合物:以常规的以Wittig/Horner/Emmons型反应的方式反应,经在温度为约-70℃与约100℃之间用碱处理亚磷组分,所述碱如烷基锂,碱金属氢化物,或碱金属氨化物,如氨基钠,二异丙基氨基锂,或醇的碱金属盐,然后同时或随后在温度为约-70℃与约120℃之间,最好为-60℃至60℃,在合适的溶剂中,如四氢呋喃,甲苯或二甲亚砜中,将羰基成分转化。
其中Y为卤素,最好为碘,按照卤代烯烃与乙炔的Heck反应的标准方法反应得到。
式III化合物,其中R6为氢,以及式III化合物,其中R5是羟基,可经上述类似的方法制备,或经式I对应化合物其中R3为酰基和/或R4为烷氧基的脱酰作用或去烷基化方法得到。
在此不特别描述原料的制备,因为它们是周知的,或可根据已知的方法,或类似于已知的方法或描述于实施例中的方法制得。
在下面实施例中,所有温度均为摄氏温度;所有核磁共振均为1H-核磁共振(CDCl3):
实施例一:5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯
[式I:R1,R2,R4为OCH3;R3为H]
[方法变体a)]
将60毫克5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙炔基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯或60毫克5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙烯基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯的E/Z混合物溶于10毫升乙酸乙酯中。加入10毫克10%的Pd/C后,混合物在氢气氛下搅拌过夜,用Celite过滤然后减压蒸发至干。即获得标题化合物(无色晶体;色谱提纯后熔点为65℃,经乙醇重结晶后熔点为67℃)。
原料可如下法获得:
——在氩气氛下240毫克2,5-二甲氧基苯基乙炔与493毫克5-碘代水杨酸甲酯溶于20毫升无氧无水的苯中。混合物用85毫克四(三苯膦)钯,20毫克碘化铜(I)和450毫克三乙胺处理,于室温下搅拌过夜然后倒入100毫升PH=7的缓冲溶液中。经乙酸乙酯提取和在硅胶上色谱提纯后,即获得5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙炔基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(无色晶体,熔点为105~108℃)。
——6.6毫摩尔二异丙基氨基锂溶于四氢呋喃/正己烷中,于-40℃加入1克溴化2,5-二甲氧苯基-三苯基鏻于15毫升无水四氢呋喃的悬浮液中。混合物搅拌1小时后冷至-70℃然后慢慢地用溶于5毫升无水四氢呋喃的372毫克3-甲氧羰基-4-羟基苯甲醛处理。混合物在-70℃下搅拌1小时,在室温搅拌2小时然后倒入氯化铵水溶液中。经乙酸乙酯提取和蒸发后即得(Z)-与(E)-5-[2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙烯基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯的混合物,使该混合物经硅胶色谱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯:9∶1)。第一级分含Z-异构体(无色晶体,熔点为78~80℃),接着为E-异构体(无色晶体,熔点为80~82℃)。
实施例二:5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸乙酯
[式I:R1,R2为OCH3;R3为H;R4为OCH2CH3]
[方法变体b)]
250毫克5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸或250毫克5-[2[(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯溶于10毫升干乙醇,然后用0.2毫升浓硫酸处理。混合物回流48个小时然后倒入150毫升水。紧接着用乙酸乙酯提取并在硅胶上色谱提纯即获标题化合物(无色油状):NMR:10.69(s,1H);7.67(d,J=2.2Hz,1H);7.29(dd,J=2.2+8.5Hz,1H);
6.91(d,J=8.5Hz,1H);6.66-6.83(m,3H);4.42(qua,J=7Hz,2H);3.79
(s,3H);3.75(s,3H);2.76-2.92(m,4H);1.44(tr,J=7Hz,3H).
实施例三:5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基]-2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯
[式I,R1,R2,R4=OCH3;R3=COCH3]
[方法变体b)]
150毫克5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(实施例1化合物)溶于2.5毫升乙酐中,然后用45毫克吡啶处理。混合物于室温下搅拌过夜后倒入100毫升水中,然后以乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机提取液依次用0.1N HCl溶液,碳酸钠氢溶液和水洗涤。随着溶剂的蒸发即获标题化合物(无色油状)。NMR:7.85(d,J=2Hz,1H);7.34(dd,J=2+8Hz,1H);6.99(d,J=8Hz,1H);
6.66-6.80(m,3H);3.87(s,3H);3.76(s,3H);2.89(s,4H);2.34(s,3H).用类似的方法可获取下列本发明化合物(式I)实施例No. R1 R2 R3 R4 方法变体 M.P或NMR
4 OCH3 OCH3 COCH3 OCH3 a)3) 油状;NMR1)
5 OCH3 OCH3 H OCH2CH2CH3 a) b)2) 油状;NMR6)
6 OCH3 OCH3 H OCH2CH2CH2CH3a) b)2) 油状;NMR7)
7 OCH2CH3 OCH2CH3 H OCH3 a)4) b) 油状;NMR8)
8 OCH3 OCH3 H OCH(CH3)2 a) b)2) 油状;NMR5)1)参见实施例32)酯化始于式III对应化合物,其中R5为羟基(熔点120~125℃),制备方法类似于实施例1。3)始于式II对应化合物,其中-X-X-为1,2-亚乙烯基,(熔点为86~88℃,E-异构体;熔点为63~66℃,Z-异构体)。制备如实施例1所述。4)始于式II对应化合物,其中,-X-X-为1,2-亚乙烯基(熔点为45~50℃)的E/Z混合物(1.3∶1),制备如实施例1所述。5)10.77(s,1H);7.62(d,J=2.3Hz,1H);7.28(dd,J=2.3+8.5Hz,1H);6.9(d,J=8.5Hz,1H);6.8(d,J=9Hz,1H);6.66-6.75(m,2H);5.29(sept,J=6.25Hz,1H);3.79(s,3H);3.75(s,3H);2.75-2.9(m,4H);1.41(d,J=6.25Hz,6H);6)10.69(s,1H);7.65(d,J=2.2Hz,1H);7.29(dd,J=2.2+8.5Hz,1H);6.91(d,J=8.5Hz,1H);6.66-6.83(m,3H);4.32(tr,J=7Hz,2H);3.79(s,3H);3.75(s,3H);2.77-2.93(m,4H);1.83(sex,J=7Hz,2H);1.06(tr,J=7Hz,3H);7)10.69(s,1H);7.63(d,J=2.2Hz,1H);7.28(dd,J=2.2+8.5Hz,1H);6.9(d,J=8.5Hz,1H);6.79(d,J=8.5Hz,1H);6.65-6.75(m,2H);4.36(tr,J=6.7Hz,2H);3.78(s,3H);3.74(s,3H);2.76-2.92(m,4H);1.70-1.85(m,2H);1.40-1.56(m,2H);1.00(tr,J=7.3Hz,3H);8)10.59(s,1H);7.68(d,J=2.3Hz,1H);7.29(dd,J=2.3+8.5Hz,1H);6.92(d,J=8.5Hz,1H);6.65-6.81(m,3H);3.99(qua,J=7Hz,2H);3.96(s,
3H);3.94(qua,J=7Hz,2H);2.76-2.93(m,4H);1.42(tr,J=7Hz,3H);1.38(tr,J=7Hz,3H);
式I化合物以游离态形式,或可能时以药学上可接受的盐形式存在,它具有许多有益的化学治疗特性。它们适用作药物。
特别是,它们有着抗过度增殖/消炎及抗癌活性。下列为本文后面采用的缩写形式:
CHO-K1:即所谓的“中国仓鼠-卵巢-K1”细胞系
DMEM:即Dulbecco改良后的Eagle氏培养基(Gibco)
EGF:即表皮生长因子
FCS:即胎儿腓肠血清
HaCaT:即所谓的“成年人钙温”细胞系
RPMI-1640:即Roswell Park纪念学院培养基1640
TGFα:即转变生长因子α
抗过度增殖/消炎活性和/或抗癌活性可用下述方法测定:
1.人类角质化细胞系HaCaT(或参照CHO-K1细胞系)的增殖抑制:
HaCaT细胞,一种自发转变而来的,TGF-α-和EGF-受体正的非致瘤人类角质化细胞系,它区别于正常角质化细胞带有高度表型保护分化特征,(Boukamp et al,J.Cell.Biol.106,第761-771页,[1988]),培养于加有2.2g/l NaHCO3,0.11g/l丙酮酸钠,15mM Hepes,5%FCS,盘尼西林(100U/ml),链霉素(100μg/ml),及谷氨酰胺(以将最终浓度增至4mM)的DMEM培养基中。CHO-K1细胞培养于上述培养基内再加40μg/ml脯氨酸。为了做增殖鉴定,细胞经受胰蛋白酶作用而分离,在新鲜的培养基上悬浮,然后以2000-4000细胞/0.2ml/孔的浓度接种于96-孔式微滴度盘中。24小时后培养基用含有试样化合物分级浓度的新鲜培养基更换。经3-4天培养后,用硫化若丹明B(Sulforhodamine B,Skehan et al.,J.Natl.Cancer Inst.82,第1107-1112页,[1990])经比色鉴定测量细胞增殖的程度。结果用三次测量的平均值±标准偏差表示。
在上述鉴定中,所用化合物抑制HaCaT细胞增殖的IC50值范围从约0.03μM至约3μM。
抗癌功效可用下述方法查明:
2.肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制:
瘤细胞系,如K-562,L1210,Hela,SK-BR-3,MDAMB-468,MCF-7或MDAMB-231(所有细胞系均可从American Type Culture Collection,Rockville,MD 20852,USA获得),生长于RPMI-1640培养基中再添加10%热钝化(56℃/30分钟)FCS及抗生素(1×GIBCO盘尼西林-链霉素溶液)当生长于悬浮液(K-562和L1210)的肿瘤细胞系以指数增长或粘合细胞系(Hela,SK-BR-3 MDAMB-468,MCF-7和MDAMB-231)达到60~90%融合时,便采集所有细胞(粘合细胞均受胰蛋白酶作用),在新鲜生长培养基中悬浮,然后以浓度为1000-5000细胞/孔接种于96孔式培养盘中。细胞在2-4天内生长,在湿润的以5%CO2平衡的恒温箱于37℃以及在试样化合物分级浓度存在的条件下至最终体积为0.2ml/孔。用MTT(Alleyet al.,Cancer Res.48[1988]第589-601页)对生长于悬浮液的细胞通过比色鉴定或对粘合细胞通过硫化若丹明B来测量细胞增殖程度。
在上述鉴定中所用化合物抑制上述四种细胞系增殖的IC50值范围为从约0.019μM至约3μM。
3.异种移植于裸鼠的人类肿瘤生长影响因素:
MiapaCa-2是一种人类胰腺肿瘤细胞系;A431细胞系取样于人类外阴表皮样癌。它们均可由ATCC(American Type Culture Collection)处获得。这些细胞培养在没有抗生素及抗霉菌剂的情况下生长。体重20至23克的雌性Balbl/C裸鼠以每群5只喂养,它们可自由喝水及无病原体的啮齿同类食物。从已培养好的瘤细胞系中通过皮下注射107细胞将瘤引入裸鼠中。一旦这些肿瘤直径达到约1cm,即切除,切成约4×3mm小块然后皮下移植于裸鼠两肋腹。移植后一个星期和二星期,用一管径器测量肿瘤大小。带有生长着肿瘤的小鼠根据每鼠同一的平均肿瘤负荷随机分成对照与治疗两组。试样化合物采用口服方式。同样的药液使用两个连续的疗程。对照组只用载体治疗。间隔每星期测定肿瘤体积且表示为每鼠平均肿瘤体积(mm3)。采用RS/1(BBN Software Products Corp.)的统计程序来评估所得数据,试验包括Student的t-试验并应用Mann-whitney试验。
在上述鉴定中,服用化合物剂量从30mg/Kg至100mg/Kg(口服)或从3mg/Kg至10mg/Kg(静脉注射),在整个治疗期间明显地(P<0.05或<0.01)抑制了A431肿瘤的增长(人类表皮样瘤超出EGF受体所表示的范围)。实验结束时(4个星期),药物治疗过的小鼠的肿瘤体积为对照组的约10%至约50%。MiaPaCa肿瘤的生长(人类胰腺肿瘤表达出EGF受体的正常量)也被类似地抑制:经3个星期的治疗,被治疗的小鼠的肿瘤体积较之对照组的受到明显地抑制。
在局部施用时防过度增殖/消炎活性可如下述测定:
4.抑制小鼠由噁唑酮引发的过敏性接触皮炎
经简单使用2%噁唑酮(10μl)于小鼠的腹部皮肤上(每组8只小鼠)可诱发过敏。8天后每只小鼠的一只耳廓第二次接触2%噁唑酮即可诱发引起耳廓肿胀的过敏性反应。
试样化合物两种局部应用可抑制耳廓肿胀。(在引起竞争反应前30分钟与后30分钟)通过分别用药物治疗的老鼠及用载体(丙二醇/丙酮7∶3)治疗的老鼠的耳廓重量的差异来验证功效,且以百分比来表示单独使用载体的肿胀情况。
在上述鉴定中,当试样化合物剂量为1.2%时能获得约20%至约60%的抑制。
因而实验表明以游离形式,或可能时以药理学上可接受的盐的形式存在的式I化合物可用作防过度增殖/消炎及抗癌药剂,用于治疗过度增殖/炎症疾病及癌症,如用于抑制肿瘤病如发炎/过高增殖皮肤病皮肤癌,免疫介导的皮肤及全身表现疾病,以及自体免疫疾病,例如:牛皮癣,特异反应性皮炎,接触皮炎和相关湿疹皮炎,皮脂溢性皮炎,扁平苔癣,天疱疮,大疱类天疱疮,大疱性表皮松解、荨麻疹,血管神经性水肿,血管炎,红斑,皮肤嗜曙红细胞增多,红斑狼疮及局限性脱发。
作为这种用途所用剂量当然是可以变化的,例如,取决于所用的特定化合物,服用的方式及欲达到的治疗效果。然而总的说来,当所用化合物日剂量为约0.1mg/Kg至约10mg/Kg动物体重(静脉内)或是为约0.5mg/Kg至约100mg/Kg(口服),每天适宜将剂量分成2至4次,将获得满意的效果。对于大的哺乳动物,总日剂量为约7mg至约2000mg,以方便的服用形式如一天将剂量分成4次或以缓释的方式。单位剂量形式包含有,例如,约1.75mg至约1000mg化合物与至少一种固体或液体的药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂相混合。
该化合物可以已知的用于这些病症的标准的类似方式来服用。化合物可与一般化疗法上可接受的载体和稀释剂混合,和任选的另外赋形剂,以及以如片剂或胶囊等口服方式服用。
该化合物还可以传统的方式如软膏或乳膏,非肠道或静脉内施用。有效物质的浓度当然将根据所用的化合物,欲克到的治疗效果及服用方式的特性而变化。然而总的来说,以浓度为约0.05至约5%,特别是从约0.1至约1%(重量)的如局部施用方式可获得满意的效果。
药学组合物包含以游离态,或可能时以药学上可允许的盐的形式存在的式I化合物以及至少一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂也是本发明的一个部分。
本发明还包含以游离态或可能时以药学上可接受的盐的形式存在的式I化合物,以用作药物,特别是用于治疗过度增殖/发炎疾病以及癌症,如乳房癌或胰腺癌。
本发明还包括一种治疗过度增殖/发炎疾病和癌症的方法,它包含对一个需要这种治疗的病人服用有效治疗数量的式I化合物,它以游离态或可能时以药学上可接受的盐的形式存在,
实施例1的化合物,即5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)-乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,是一种优选的化合物。如,在上述的鉴定1中已测得这种化合物具有0.045μM的IC50,而EGF受体阴性细胞系CHO-K1当IC50大于约0.3μM即被抑制。
在上述鉴定2中,这种化合物抑制了四种试验的乳房肿瘤细胞系的三种,分别是SK-BR-3,MDAMB-468和MCF-7细胞,其IC50值为20至50nM,而乳房肿瘤细胞MDAMB-231和非乳房肿瘤细胞K-562,L1210及HeLa被抑制于IC50值范围为200至470nM,显示了对一些乳房肿瘤的选择性,而秋水仙素则无选择性地抑制了试验的IC50值为5与20nM之间的所有肿瘤细胞。
在上述鉴定3中,对于A431肿瘤,口服剂量为30mg/Kg,每星期给药三次,则实验结束时(4个星期)用药物治疗过的小鼠的肿瘤体积仅为对照组的56.3%,而当静脉注射剂量为3mg/Kg,则为对照组的40%。对于MiaPaCa胰腺肿瘤,用实施例1化合物30mg/Kg(口服)治疗二周的小鼠的肿瘤大小约为对照组的46%,在使用顺二氯化二氨铂的类似抑制实验中,顺二氯化二氨铂以标准的,可比较的每三天剂量为10mg/Kg(腹膜内,顺二氯化二氨铂一般不能口服),只有治疗四星期后才达到显著疗效(肿瘤大小约为对照组的40%),即使在顺二氯化二氨铂治疗开始时平均肿瘤体积只有用实施例1化合物治疗的约一半。
在上述鉴定4中,实施例1中化合物在浓度的1.2%时引起的肿胀抑制为49%。
因此上述关于抗癌用途的实验表明实施例1的化合物可施用于大的哺乳动物如人类,以一般使用顺二氯化二氨铂类似的剂量及类似的施用方式。在不抑制免疫反应及血细胞生成的剂量下可观察到这种强烈的抗瘤活性,而且肿瘤细胞对这种化合物所表现出的抗多种药物表型如同对其双亲复本一样敏感。
本发明还包括一种药剂的制备方法,它包括将式I化合物以游离态,或可能时以药学上可接受的盐的形式和至少一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂相混合。
Claims (4)
2.权利要求1的化合物,它是5-[2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)-乙基]-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯。
4.一种药用组合物,它包含权利要求1的化合物,它以游离态,或可能时以药学上可接受的盐的形式存在,以及至少一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
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