CN105658882A - 混凝土块间隔系统 - Google Patents
混凝土块间隔系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种对齐用于混凝土结构的混凝土砌块单元的方法。在本发明方法中提供了多个混凝土砌块单元。每个混凝土砌块单元包括六个面,包括顶部和底部以及优选其中两个芯和垂直空隙。混凝土砌块单元的顶部和底部沿着砌块的长度都包括两个侧面槽。侧面槽设计用于接收本发明提供的间隔件。间隔件由平面件和至少一个指件组成。平面件插入供使用的混凝土砌块单元的侧面槽中。一旦插入,间隔件的指件保持在混凝土砌块单元之间的接头内。
Description
1.技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在施工中调整混凝土块的系统和方法。更具体地说,本发明包括采用间隔件和改性的混凝土砌块来构建准确对齐的结构。
2.背景技术
建筑物的建设或基础设施的装配需要各种材料。混凝土砌块(“CMU”)或混凝土块是一种在建筑中极为常用的大长方体。可以使用混凝土块来生产坚固,耐用的墙壁。如图1所示,通常生产的混凝土砌块12具有中空中心或芯和六个侧面。核26从顶侧22到底侧26穿过混凝土砌块12(如图2所示)。芯可以提供通常增强的连续的垂直空隙。钢筋可以放置在具有围绕杆安装的灌浆的芯中。顶侧22和底侧24包括长度和宽度,并且通常包括在两个芯之间延伸的内侧边缘。侧面14将第一端18连接至第二端18。
具有三个构成了混凝土砌块墙结构系统的主要部件,混凝土砌块墙包括块和将它们保持在一起的砂浆,加固件和灌浆,其用于填充在混凝土块中的芯。当建造混凝土墙时,极为重要的是混凝土块是垂直和水平的。因此,在砂浆中设置土块要求精度。
图3示出了包括一些混凝土块的现有技术的混凝土墙施工。将会明白的是,墙体实际上由大量的混凝土块构成。为了构造现有技术中的墙体,建造者将在固态的、水平表面上扩展一层砂浆并铺设第一排混凝土块,之后铺设另一层。单元之间的水平接头称为床接头,而将垂直接缝称为头接头。通常这样定向块的附加层使中间部分(或内侧)将理解在现实中墙壁将由许多混凝土块组成。为了建设现有技术的墙,建设者在固体的水平面上铺上一层砂浆,并且在铺设附加的行之前继续打好混凝土块的第一行。混凝土块的横向接缝位于下层块的头接头。这种类型的机构被称为“运行键结构”。但是可以创建各种键或接缝模式。造创建的任何模式中,每个块必须垂直和水平同时彼此保持一段距离。建造者必须有效对齐块,使得在块准确对齐之前砂浆不涸。
确保每个块垂直和水平是很繁琐的。此外,灰缝通常需要特定的测量或间距。未对齐可能导致破裂或其它结构性缺陷。重复测量和调整在现有技术系统中是常见的。已经实施了几个系统以简化这个过程。然而,没有现有技术的系统提供了一种高效和有效的方式用于对齐既垂直又水平的土块,使得土块是垂直,水平和充分间隔的。本系统实现了这一目标。
发明内容
本发明包括用于对齐混凝土结构的混凝土砌块的一种方法。在本发明的方法中提供了多个混凝土砌块。每个混凝土砌块包括六个侧面,侧面包括顶部和底部,并且优选包括两个在其中的芯或垂直空隙。混凝土块的顶部和底部每个都包括两个沿着块长度的横向槽。将横向槽设计为接收在本方法中提供的间隔件。间隔件包括一种平面构件和至少一个指状物。将平面构件插入用于使用的混凝土砌块的横向槽。一旦插入,间隔件的指状物就位于在混凝土砌块之间的接头内。
在优选实施方式中,间隔件面向两个接头的交点和接头交点之间的一致的间隔,以便保持接头间足够的空间,并且在正方形方向上保持混凝土砌块。
附图简述
图1是显示现有技术的混凝土砌块的透视图。
图2是显示现有技术的混凝土砌块的透视图。
图3是显示现有技术的混凝土砌块,砂浆和加固件的墙构造的透视图。
图4是显示本方法中的混凝土砌块,包括沿着顶外边缘(顶端侧)的侧向槽的透视图。
图5是显示本方法中提供的间隔件的透视图。
图6是显示本方法中提供的间隔件的透视图。
图7是显示在本方法中提供的间隔件的透视图。
图8是显示本方法中提供的间隔件的透视图。
图9是显示本方法中提供的间隔件的透视图。
图10示出了将间隔件插入混凝土砌块的横向槽的步骤的分解透视图。
图11示出了完全插入混凝土砌块的横向槽的间隔件的分解透视图。
图12示出了本方法中插入混凝土砌块的间隔件的透视图。
图13示出了使用本方法堆叠在水平面上的混凝土砌块的透视图。
图14示出了使用本方法的混凝土墙构造的透视图。
附图标记
10混凝土砌块间隔系统12混凝土砌块
14侧面16内侧缘
18结束20表面
22顶侧面24底侧面
26芯28头接头
30床接头32槽
34改性CMU32槽
38水平指状物40砂浆
42垂直指状物44平面构件
实施方式的描述
如上文示出和描述的图1‐3所示,在构造结构中对齐混凝土砌块的本发明的方法改进了现有技术中建造混凝土墙的方法。如现有技术中已知的以及图1和2中所示的,混凝土砌块12通常由具有两个中心芯26(空隙)和六个侧面(或侧壁)的矩形块组成,包括顶部和底部。在整个本说明书中,将混凝土砌块和混凝土块同义相称。
图3示出了现有技术构造的墙。建造者在固体的水平面20上对齐混凝土砌块12,其包括砂浆40的层。混凝土砌块12的每一行都必须是水平,垂直和准确隔开的、优选对齐芯26使得加固件(例如钢筋和水泥浆)可以通过几个块12提供。混凝土砌块12间的接头包括砂浆40。垂直接头通常称为头接头28,而水平接头称为床接头30。定向混凝土砌块12使得头接头28满足在各个头接头28上的混凝土砌块的中间部分。在行业内将这一特定键或接头模式称为“运行键结构”。将会理解的是,尽管示出了“运行键结构”,本方法可以在构建任何已知的键或接头模式中使用。在行业内混凝土砌块模式的一些示例包括运行键,横叠,垂直堆叠,斜织篮,斜键,编篮组织和分层琢石。
本发明提供了多个改性的混凝土砌块。改性的混凝土砌块34或改性的混凝土石块包括沿着混凝土块34的顶部22的两个横向槽32和沿着混凝土块34的底部24的两个横向槽32。横向槽可以在改性的混凝土块34中预先制造或在制造后切割或刻痕到混凝土块。适当地加深横向槽32是重要的,以使间隔件36均匀地装配到每个槽32。
在本方法中还提供了一系列间隔件36并且在图5‐9中示出了一系列间隔件36。间隔件36通常包括平面构件44和至少一个指状物构件38,42。指状物38,42通过突入两个混凝土块间的间隙和/或混凝土块和表面或其它物体间的间隙提供了所需的间距。平面构件44装配到横向槽32。图5‐9包括间隔件36的多个不同的实施方式。然而,本发明不应该限制于间隔件36的任何一个具体实施方式。此外,每个和每一个间隔件可以转动或旋转以服务于被服务的特定接头的所需目的。因此,关于指状物38,42的术语“水平”和“垂直”的使用仅仅是为了解释的目的,而不是限制指状物到特定的方向。
图5示出了间隔件36,其包括延伸平面构件44长度的水平指状物38和从沿着平面构件44的上半部分的水平指状物38向上延伸的垂直指状物42。如图14所示以及在此进一步所描述的,平面构件44装配到在三个邻近的混凝土砌块34上的横向槽32。水平指状物38在床接头30中提供了间距,而垂直指状物42在头接头28中提供了间距。然而,可以旋转间隔件36,使得指状物插入相对接头中。
第二间隔件36在图6中示出。第二间隔件36包括水平指状物38和以垂直的方式完全横跨平面构件44延伸的垂直指状物42。在图6中的间隔件36用于协助四个混凝土块的连接。具体地,通过指状物38,42的定向分为四个部分的平面构件44装配到四个临近的混凝土块的横向槽。用来堆叠混凝土块的此类模式在行业内已知为“水平堆叠”。
图7示出了间隔件36,设计其以在混凝土壁的基础上提供间隔。水平指状物38穿过平面构件44的下部延伸,而垂直指状物42从水平指状物38向上延伸。平面构件44装配进两个临近的混凝土块的横向槽。间隔件36从而操作以提供与水平面的设定距离,同时还创建了两个混凝土块间的适当大小的间隙。
如图8所示,第四间隔件36包括平面构件44和水平指状物38。在第四间隔件36中的平面构件44能够装配到两个混凝土块的横向槽32。间隔件36可以特别有益于提供对于在床接头的两个混凝土块之间的间距的额外支持。图9示出了第五间隔件36,在其中平面构件44装配到一个混凝土砌块的横向槽。水平间隔件38穿过平面构件44的底部延伸,并且在混凝土墙的基础上提供间隙上是特别有用的。
图10示出了按压或滑动间隔件36进入在混凝土砌块34上的横向槽32的步骤。读者将了解到以这种方式插入间隔件36的任何实施方式。平面构件44的一部分装配到横向槽32,使得水平指状物38和垂直指状物42紧贴混凝土砌块34的表面。一旦如图11所示间隔件36插入到混凝土块的下部,混凝土砌块34可以放置进砂浆40。图11示出了沿着混凝土砌块34的第一行的基础使用间隔件36。将混凝土间隔件34从表面20分离。(通过间隔件36的水平指状物38的特定设定距离)。在优选方法中,采用了一系列间隔件36以从表面20分离混凝土砌块34和其它混凝土块。
图12示出了能够插入到四个独立的临近的混凝土块34的横向槽32的间隔件36。读者将理解到四个临近的混凝土砌块34的方向将对齐键模式,使得接头在每个接头上形成了“附加”。此类模式在行业内已知为“水平堆叠”。
在所需时间间隔内将间隔件36插入到混凝土砌块34的横向槽32后,如图13所示,建设者将设置混凝土块34,其包括在内衬砂浆40的水平表面20上的间隔件36。间隔件36接着在所需时间间隔内插入到混凝土砌块34的顶侧24。如图所示,优选每个间隔件36的水平和垂直指状物与相关接头一致,其中需要空间。
如图14所示,在第一行的顶部设置混凝土块34的第二行。在放置混凝土块34之前或之后,可以将间隔件36插入进横向槽32。然而,优选在应用砂浆40或设置混凝土块34到砂浆40之前将间隔件36完全插入到横向槽32中。重复插入间隔件36和铺设混凝土块34的步骤直至完成混凝土墙34。间隔件起作用以显著减少花费在调整混凝土块34上的时间量。如图所示,建设者通过在适当的接头和间隔内应用间隔件36可以快速和有效地工作。随着墙的建造,建设者将仍然会做主必要的测量,但间隔件36将起作用来保持在相关的接头所需的适当的距离。此外,如果正确应用间隔件的话,混凝土块34将保持为水平和垂直的。
前述描述包含有关本发明新颖性方面的显著细节。然而它不应该被解释为限制本发明的范围,而是提供本发明优选实施方式的示例说明。例如,虽然所示实施方式示出了一系列的间隔件,但可以设计包括平面构件和至少一个指状物部分的任意间隔件。因此,本发明的保护范围应由下面的权利要求而不是通过所给出的实例来确定。
Claims (20)
1.当使用一种物质在表面上构建混凝土结构以将所述混凝土砌块附着在一起时的对齐多个混凝土砌块的方法和系统,所述方法包括步骤:
a.提供所述多个混凝土砌块,其具有:
(i)连接到第一端和第二端的第一侧面和第二侧面;
(ii)具有长度和宽度的顶侧和底侧;
(iii)在所述顶侧和所述底侧上的多个凹槽,其中所述多个凹槽的至少两个沿着所述顶侧的所述长度和所述底侧的所述长度彼此平行相切;
b.提供多个具有平面构件和至少一个指状物的间隔件;
c.将所述多个混凝土砌块放置在所述表面上;
d.将所述多个间隔件的所述平面部分插入到所凹述槽中,使得所述指状物提供了从第二混凝土砌块的设定距离;以及
e.堆叠所述混凝土砌块,使得所述间隔件提供了在所述混凝土砌块间的设定距离。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个凹槽从所述混凝土砌块的所述第一端延伸到所述第二端。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个凹槽具有均匀的深度和均匀的宽度。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法和系统,其中将所述间隔件的所述平面构件设置到所述多个凹槽中,使得所述平面构件与所述凹槽中的所述混凝土砌块进行接触。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法和系统,其中所述间隔件的所述至少一个指状物接触所述混凝土砌块临近的所述凹槽,以限定在所述多个所述混凝土砌块间的所述设定距离。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述间隔件还包括穿过所述平面构件的下端完全延伸地水平指状物。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述间隔件还包括穿过所述平面构件延伸使得平面构件分为四个平面部分的水平指状物和垂直指状物。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个间隔件还包括水平指状物和垂直指状物,其中所述水平指状物穿过所述平面构件的下端完全延伸,而且所述垂直指状物将所述平面构件分为两个平面部分。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个间隔件还包括水平指状物和垂直指状物,其中所述水平指状物穿过所述平面部分的中间延伸,而且所述垂直指状物从所述水平指状物向上延伸,其中将所述平面构件分为三个平面部分。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法和系统,其中所述至少一个指状物是水平指状物,其穿过所述平面构件延伸使得所述平面构件分为两个平面部分。
11.当使用一种物质在表面上构建混凝土结构以将所述混凝土砌块附着在一起时的对齐多个混凝土砌块的方法和系统,所述方法包括步骤:
a.提供所述多个混凝土砌块,其具有:
(i)连接到第一端和第二端的第一侧面和第二侧面;和
(ii)具有长度和宽度的顶侧和底侧;
b.在顶侧和底侧上切割多个凹槽,其中至少所述多个凹槽的两个沿着所述顶侧的所述长度和所述底侧的所述长度彼此平行切割,其从所述混凝土砌块的第一端延伸到所述混凝土砌块的第二端;
c.提供了多个具有平面构件和至少一个指状物的间隔件;
d.将所述多个混凝土砌块放置在所述表面上;
e.将所述多个间隔件的所述平面部分插入到所述凹槽中,使得所述指状物提供了从混凝土砌块的设定距离;和
f.堆叠所述混凝土砌块,使得所述间隔件提供了所述混凝土砌块间的设定距离。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个凹槽具有均匀的深度和均匀的宽度。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法和系统,其中将所述间隔件的所述平面构件设置到所述多个凹槽中,使得所述平面构件与所述凹槽中的所述混凝土砌块进行接触。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法和系统,其中所述间隔件的所述至少一个指状物接触所述混凝土砌块临近的所述凹槽,以限定所述多个所述混凝土砌块间的所述设定距离。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法和系统,其中所述间隔件还包括穿过所述平面构件的下端完全延伸的水平指状物。
16.如权利要求11所述的方法和系统,其中所述间隔件还包括穿过所述平面构件延伸地水平指状物和垂直指状物,使得将所述平面构件分为四个平面部分。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个间隔件还包括水平指状物和垂直指状物,其中所述水平指状物穿过所述平面构件的下端完全延伸,而所述垂直指状物将所述平面构件分为两个平面部分。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法和系统,其中所述多个间隔件还包括水平指状物和垂直指状物,其中所述水平指状物穿过所述平面部分地中间延伸,而所述垂直指状物从水平指状物向上延伸,其中将所述平面构件分为三个平面部分。
19.如权利要求11所述的方法和系统,其中所述至少一个指状物是穿过所述平面构件延伸的水平指状物,使得所述平面构件分为两个平面部分。
20.一种在表面上用多个混凝土砌块构建结构的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
a.在所述表面上铺设物质;
b.提供所述多个混凝土砌块,其具有:
(i)第一侧和第二侧;
(ii)第一端和第二端;
(iii)具有长度和宽度的顶侧和底侧;
(iv)沿着所述顶侧的所述长度和所述底侧的所述长度的凹槽;和
(v)第一芯和第二芯;
c.提供多个间隔件,其中所述多个间隔件具有平面构件和至少一个指状物构件;和
d.按压所述间隔件的所述平面构件到所述凹槽,使得所述至少一个指状物提供了从第二混凝土砌块分离的设定距离。
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US14/044,342 US9086268B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2013-10-02 | Concrete block spacer system |
US14/044,342 | 2013-10-02 | ||
PCT/US2014/058867 WO2015051147A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2014-10-02 | Concrete block spacer system |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN105658882A true CN105658882A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
CN105658882B CN105658882B (zh) | 2018-04-20 |
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CN201480054556.7A Active CN105658882B (zh) | 2013-10-02 | 2014-10-02 | 混凝土块间隔系统 |
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US (1) | US9086268B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3058149A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105658882B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2014329477B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112016007317B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2926238A1 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA035970B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX370439B (zh) |
PH (1) | PH12016500804B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015051147A1 (zh) |
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CN111764742A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-13 | 三能集成房屋股份有限公司 | 一种砌块连接结构和围墙 |
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US20150089825A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
AU2014329477B2 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
BR112016007317A2 (pt) | 2017-08-01 |
EP3058149A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
CA2926238A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
AU2014329477A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
MX370439B (es) | 2019-12-10 |
CN105658882B (zh) | 2018-04-20 |
BR112016007317B1 (pt) | 2022-04-05 |
US9086268B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
PH12016500804A1 (en) | 2016-06-13 |
EA201690689A1 (ru) | 2016-12-30 |
MX2016004159A (es) | 2016-09-21 |
EP3058149A4 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
PH12016500804B1 (en) | 2016-06-13 |
WO2015051147A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
EA035970B1 (ru) | 2020-09-08 |
NZ718673A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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