CN105640950A - 一种复方α‐酮酸片及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种复方α‐酮酸片及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105640950A CN105640950A CN201510975718.7A CN201510975718A CN105640950A CN 105640950 A CN105640950 A CN 105640950A CN 201510975718 A CN201510975718 A CN 201510975718A CN 105640950 A CN105640950 A CN 105640950A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复方α‐酮酸片及其制备工艺,将主药中的酮酸钙部分与非酮酸钙部分分别制粒,然后总混、压片、包衣,从而减少了复方α‐酮酸片的杂质含量,同时改善药物的长期稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药制剂领域,涉及一种复方α‐酮酸片及其制备工艺。
背景技术
慢性肾脏病是一种缓慢发展相对良性的疾病,但若未能及时有效诊治,均可导致病情恶化进展或随病程迁延,发展成为慢性肾功能不全、肾衰竭,最终形成尿毒症。目前其发病率有日益增加的趋势,并且大多数患者对自身病情往往不自知,严重危害人类的健康。
复方α‐酮酸片是一种在治疗慢性肾脏病上有显著疗效的药物,用于预防和治疗因慢性肾功能不全而造成蛋白质代谢失调引起的损害。该药是以必需氨基酸活性成分配合α‐酮或带有碳链结构的必需氨基酸的α‐羟基酸为比例而设计的。其中五种必需氨基酸分别为:L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐组氨酸和L‐酪氨酸;α‐酮或α‐羟基酸为4种酮代氨基酸钙和1种羟代氨基酸钙,分别为:消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、消旋羟蛋氨酸钙。
复方α‐酮酸片可以为慢性肾脏病患者提供必须氨基酸并且能够尽量减少氨基氮的摄入。酮或羟基酸被酶运转氨基作用合成相应的L‐氨基酸以分解尿素。配合低蛋白饮食,可以纠正有毒的氮质代谢产物在体内的贮留及由于蛋白质摄取量低导致的体内必需氨基酸缺乏,通过重复利用含氮代谢产物促进蛋白质的合成,改善氮平衡和血氨基酸的不平衡状态,为慢性肾功能不全患者赢得宝贵的治疗时间。
专利CN200810224131.2、CN201010105058.4、CN201210488447.9、CN201310435761.5与CN20141048844.7分别公开了相关复方a‐酮酸片的制备方法,都采用混合制粒的方法制备,药物在存放过程中不稳定,酮酸钙部分与氨基酸部分发生氨基与酮基的缩合反应,产生杂质,有关物质容易超过标准。
专利CN201110437147.3公开了一种复方α‐酮酸片及其制备工艺,采用将主药中酸碱性成分分开湿法制粒的工艺,其偏酸性组分有L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸3个组分,其他7种为偏碱性成分,在偏碱性成分混合制粒制备过程中,偏碱性成分中的L‐醋酸赖氨酸和L‐组氨酸容易与酮酸钙成分发生氨基与酮基的缩合反应,产生杂质,处方中另外加有10‐12mg的滑石粉,患者服用可能产生潜在的致癌作用。
专利CN201310439809.X公开了一种复方a‐酮酸片及其制备工艺,也采用将主药中酸碱性成分分开湿法制粒的工艺,其偏酸性组分有L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸4个组分,其他6种为偏碱性成分,但同样原因,在制粒过程中,偏碱性成分中,L‐组氨酸容易与酮酸钙成分发生氨基与酮基的缩合反应,产生杂质。
专利CN201010193155、CN201110272455.5将主药分成酮酸钙部分和氨基酸部分分别制粒,但分类并不科学,仍然会发生物料之间的反应,消旋羟蛋氨酸钙中的羟基,由于甲硫基的作用,会增加羟基的亲核性,在制粒过程中与其他酮酸钙的酮羰基生成半缩醛结构,产生杂质,另外滑石粉的量较大,滑石粉中如果残留有石棉成分则会暴露出用药安全的问题。
可见国内现有的复方α‐酮酸片处方和工艺暴露出的问题还需要继续调整和完善。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种制备工艺简单,生产过程与最终产品性质稳定的复方α‐酮酸片制剂及其制备工艺。
本发明提供了一种治疗慢性肾脏病的复方α‐酮酸片剂,包括片芯和包衣,片芯包括酮酸钙部分和非酮酸钙部分,酮酸钙部分由按重量份计的以下成分组成:
非酮酸钙部分由按重量份计的以下成分组成:
作为一种优化方案,所述粘合剂A为聚维酮,阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种,所述粘合剂B为羟丙甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种,所述填充剂为微晶纤维素、预胶化淀粉、淀粉中的一种或几种。作为另一种优化方案,所述片芯部分还包括润滑剂。作为进一步的优化配方,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸镁与微粉硅胶。作为更进一步的优化方案,所述复方α‐酮酸片的酮酸钙部分和非酮酸钙部分分别制粒。
本发明还公开了上述复方α‐酮酸片的制备方法,制备过程包括湿法制粒,将酮酸钙部分和非酮酸钙部分分别制粒。作为优选的制备方案,其过程如下:
a)称取质量份数量的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、填充剂混合均匀,称取粘合剂A,溶于适量醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%‐15%的粘合剂A溶液,加入到混匀的酮酸钙部分主药中,制粒,干燥,整粒,得酮酸钙部分;
b)称取质量份数量的消旋羟蛋氨酸钙、L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐组氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸、填充剂混合均匀,称取粘合剂B,溶于适量醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%‐15%的粘合剂B溶液,加入到混匀的非酮酸钙部分主药中,制粒,干燥,整粒,得非酮酸钙部分;
c)将上述两部分混合均匀,加入润滑剂和药学上允许的其他辅料,混匀,压片;
d)包衣。
作为一种改进方法,步骤a)与b)中所述的醇溶液为乙醇溶液。作为一种改进方法,包衣过程的包衣材料为E100。
本发明中所用的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙,酮亮氨酸钙,酮苯丙氨酸钙,酮缬氨酸钙,消旋羟蛋氨酸钙,L‐醋酸赖氨酸,L‐苏氨酸,L‐色氨酸,L‐组氨酸,L‐酪氨酸为药用级的,通过商购得到,各种辅料都是本领域己知的,也通过商购得到,符合国家标准。
有益效果:
1、采用酮酸钙部分与非酮酸钙部分分别制粒,不同于现有技术的是本发明将消旋羟蛋氨酸钙与氨基酸等组成非酮酸钙部分,与酮酸钙部分分开制粒,在制剂生产过程中避免了物料之间的相互作用,没有新的杂质产生,长期留样研究,杂质也未见增加,用药安全性大大提高。
2、所用润滑剂为硬脂酸镁与微粉硅胶等辅料,避免使用滑石粉,减少致癌物质的引入。
附图说明
图1是市售和实施例1所得片剂在0.1mol/L盐酸中钙盐的溶出曲线。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中使用的含量测定方法:
酮(或羟)氨基酸钙按照高效液相色谱法(中国药典2010年版二部附录ⅤD)测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验:用亲水性的十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(5C18‐PAQ,250mm×4.6mm),以0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钠和0.02mol/L的高氯酸钠的混和溶液(用磷酸调节pH至2.5±0.05)‐乙腈(96∶4)为流动相,柱温为30℃,检测波长为2l0nm。理论板数按α‐酮苯丙氨酸钙峰计算,应不低于2000,各种α‐酮(或羟)代氨基酸钙峰与相邻色谱峰的分离度应符合要求。
对照品溶液的制备:取酮缬氨酸钙对照品约43mg,消旋酮异亮氨酸钙对照品约34mg,酮亮氨酸钙对照品约51mg,消旋羟蛋氨酸钙对照品约30mg,酮苯丙氨酸钙对照品约34mg(以上对照品均按无水物计算),精密称定,置同一100ml量瓶中,加0.Imol/L盐酸溶液使溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取l0ml,置50ml量瓶中,加0.1mol/L盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为对照品溶液。供试品溶液的制备:取本品10片,精密称定,研细,精密称取细粉适量(约相当于酮缬氨酸钙8.6mg),置l00ml量瓶中,加0.1mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,作为供试品溶液。
测定法:供试品溶液和对照品溶液配制过程后l小时内,量取各20ul,注入液相色谱仪,记录色谱图,按外标法以峰面积计算各种酮(或羟)氨基酸钙的含量。
氨基酸取本品10片,精密称定,研细,立即精密称取细粉适量(约相当于L‐醋酸赖氨酸10.5mg),置100ml量瓶中,加水适量超声1小时使溶解,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,用适宜的氨基酸分析仪或高效液相色谱仪进行测定;另取相应的氨基酸对照品适量,用水溶解并稀释制成相应浓度的对照品溶液,同法测定。按外标法以峰面积计算各种氨基酸的含量。
溶出度测定方法:
取本品,照溶出度测定法,以0.1mol/L盐酸溶液900ml为溶出介质,转速为每分钟100转,依法操作,经5、10、15、30、40、60分钟时,取溶液适量,滤过,精密量取续滤液5ml,置50ml量瓶中,加溶出介质稀释至刻度,作为供试品溶液。另精密称取氯化钙对照品适量(经105℃干燥2小时),用溶出介质制成每1ml中含钙3.0μg、4.0μg、6.0μg和8.0μg的溶液,照原子吸收分光光度法(中国药典2010年版二部附录ⅣD第一法),在422.7nm波长处测定吸光度,以浓度和对应的吸光度计算回归方程;同法测定供试品溶液的吸光度,计算出每片钙的溶出量。
有关物质检查:
色谱条件与系统适用性试验:用氰型强附离于变换色谱柱,以0.0125mol\L硫酸溶液为流动相,流速每分钟0.5ml;检测波长205nm;柱温40℃,理论塔板数按消旋羟蛋氨酸钙峰计算不低于3000。
取本品10片,精密称定,研细,精密称取细粉适量(约相当于酮缬氨酸钙86mg),置l00ml量瓶中,加流动相溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,量取各20ul,注入液相色谱仪,以面积归一法计算有关物质含量。
实施例一
处方
按1000片计,酮酸钙部分原辅料称料如下:
非酮酸钙部分原辅料称料如下:
其他辅料:
制备过程如下:
a)称取质量份数量的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、淀粉混合均匀,称取聚维酮(k30),溶于适量95%乙醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%的k30乙醇溶液,加入到混匀的酮酸钙部分主药中,制软材,过20目筛制粒,50℃沸腾干燥至水分≤5%,过24目筛整粒,得酮酸钙部分颗粒;
b)称取质量份数量的消旋羟蛋氨酸钙、L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐组氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸、淀粉混合均匀,称取羟丙甲基纤维素,溶于适量95%乙醇溶液,配制成浓度为15%的羟丙甲基纤维素乙醇溶液,加入到混匀的非酮酸钙部分的主药中,制软材,过20目筛制粒,50℃沸腾干燥至水分≤2%,过24目筛整粒,得非酮酸钙部分颗粒;
c)将上述两部分颗粒混合均匀,加入硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、桔子香精,混匀,压片制成片芯;d)将E100溶于95%乙醇中,配成7%的E100乙醇溶液。在包衣锅中对片芯进行包衣,包衣后干燥半小时,制得复方α‐酮酸片。
实施例二
处方
按1000片计,酮酸钙部分原辅料称料如下:
非酮酸钙部分原辅料称料如下:
其他辅料:
制备过程如下:
a)称取质量份数量的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、预胶化淀粉混合均匀,称取阿拉伯胶,溶于适量95%乙醇溶液,配制成浓度为15%的阿拉伯胶乙醇溶液,加入到混匀的酮酸钙部分主药中,制软材,过20目筛制粒,50℃沸腾干燥至水分≤5%,过24目筛整粒,得酮酸钙部分颗粒;
b)称取质量份数量的消旋羟蛋氨酸钙、L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐组氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸、预胶化淀粉混合均匀,称取阿拉伯胶,溶于适量95%乙醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%的阿拉伯胶乙醇溶液,加入到混匀的非酮酸钙部分主药中,制软材,过20目筛制粒,50℃沸腾干燥至水分≤2%,过24目筛整粒,得非酮酸钙部分颗粒;
c)将上述两部分颗粒混合均匀,加入硬脂酸钠、微粉硅胶、蓝莓香精,混匀,压片制成片芯;
d)将E100溶于95%乙醇中,配成7%的E100乙醇溶液。在包衣锅中对片芯进行包衣,包衣后干燥半小时,制得复方α‐酮酸片。
实施例三
处方
按1000片计,酮酸钙部分原辅料称料如下:
非酮酸钙部分原辅料称料如下:
其他辅料:
制备过程如下:
a)称取质量份数量的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、淀粉混合均匀,称取聚维酮(k30)、阿拉伯胶,溶于适量95%乙醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%的k30与阿拉伯胶混合的乙醇溶液,加入到混匀的酮酸钙部分主药中,制软材,过20目筛制粒,50℃沸腾干燥至水分≤5%,过24目筛整粒,得酮酸钙部分颗粒;
b)称取质量份数量的消旋羟蛋氨酸钙、L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐组氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸、预胶化淀粉、淀粉混合均匀,称取羟丙甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶,溶于适量异丙醇溶液,配制成浓度为15%的羟丙甲基纤维素与阿拉伯胶混合的异丙醇醇溶液,加入到混匀的非酮酸钙部分的主药中,制软材,过20目筛制粒,50℃沸腾干燥至水分≤2%,过24目筛整粒,得非酮酸钙部分颗粒;
c)将上述两部分颗粒混合均匀,加入硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、桔子香精,混匀,压片制成片芯;
d)将E100溶于95%乙醇中,配成7%的E100乙醇溶液。在包衣锅中对片芯进行包衣,包衣后干燥半小时,制得复方α‐酮酸片。
对比实施例一(参见CN201310439809.X实施例一)
按1000片计,偏碱性组成部分:
偏酸和近中性组成部分:
外加部分:
制备方法为:
制备偏碱性部分:
称取处方量的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、消旋羟蛋氨酸钙、L‐组氨酸、PVPP,等量递加混合均匀;称取PVP,溶于适量醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%‐15%的粘合剂,加入到混匀的偏碱性主药中制软材,制粒,干燥,整粒,得偏碱性部分;
制备偏酸性和近中性部分:
称取处方量的L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸、预胶化淀粉、PVPP,等量递加混合均匀;称取PVP,溶于适量醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%‐15%的粘合剂,加入到混匀的偏酸性和近中性主药中制软材,制粒,干燥,整粒,得偏酸性和近中性部分;
将上述两部分等量递加混合均匀,加入处方量的聚乙二醇、PVPP、微粉硅胶和硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,包衣。
对比实施例二(参见CN201110272455.5实施例1)
按1000片计
酮酸钙部分组成为:
氨基酸部分组成为:
制备方法:
(1)颗粒A制备:将消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、消旋羟蛋氨酸钙及淀粉粗混,将混合物粉碎,过筛,加入质量体积浓度为8%的聚维酮K30异丙醇溶液制软材,过筛制粒,干燥,得颗粒A;(2)颗粒B制备:将L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐组氨酸、L‐酪氨酸和淀粉粗混,将混合物粉碎,过筛,加入质量体积浓度为8%的聚维酮K30异丙醇溶液制软材,过筛制粒,干燥,得颗粒;(3)整粒:颗粒A和颗粒B分别整粒;(4)总混:混合颗粒A和颗粒B,加入处方量的交联聚维酮、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁混合均匀;(5)将步骤(4)所得混合物压片,得片剂;(6)用防潮GAIII包衣粉对步骤(5)所得片剂进行包衣,得包衣片剂。
表1各实施例中主成分的含量
可见,实施例一、二、三所得复方α-酮酸片中各主成分的含量与实施例一、二、的含量大体一致。
将实施例一、二、三所得复方α-酮酸片与按溶出度法进行溶出度检测。检测结果如表2:
表2
其中市售和实施例一所得片剂在0.1mol/L盐酸中钙盐的溶出曲线见图1,从上表与图1可以看出实施例一、二、三与各时间段的溶出度保持一致。
实施例一、二、三、对比实施例一、二、市售进一步进行了长期稳定性试验,长期试验条件:将自制样品按市售包装装好,放置在稳定性试验箱中,温度25±2℃,湿度RH60±5%,测定0个月,12个月有关物质含量(%)的变化。
表3
可见,实施例一、二、三所制片剂0时的有关物质明显小于市售对比实施例一、二所制片剂,可见本制剂处方以及制备方法产生的杂质大大减少,长期留样12个月,实施例一、二、三的有关物质未见明显增加,而对比实施例一、二所制片子、杂质明显变多,所以本发明制剂稳定性远远好于市售和对比实施例。
Claims (9)
1.一种复方α‐酮酸片,包括片芯和包衣,片芯包括酮酸钙部分和非酮酸钙部分,其特征在于,酮酸钙部分由按重量份计的以下成分组成:
非酮酸钙部分由按重量份计的以下成分组成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的复方α‐酮酸片,其特征在于,所述粘合剂A为聚维酮、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种,所述粘合剂B为羟丙甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种,所述填充剂为微晶纤维素、预胶化淀粉、淀粉中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复方α‐酮酸片,其特征在于,所述片芯部分还包括润滑剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复方α‐酮酸片,其特征在于,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸镁与微粉硅胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复方α‐酮酸片,其特征在于,酮酸钙部分和非酮酸钙部分分别制粒。
6.一种如权利要求1‐4任一项所述复方α‐酮酸片的制备方法,制备过程包括湿法制粒,其特征在于,将酮酸钙部分和非酮酸钙部分分别制粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复方α‐酮酸片的制备方法,其特征在于,制备过程如下:
a)称取质量份数量的消旋酮异亮氨酸钙、酮亮氨酸钙、酮苯丙氨酸钙、酮缬氨酸钙、填充剂混合均匀,称取粘合剂A,溶于适量醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%‐15%的粘合剂A溶液,加入到混匀的酮酸钙部分主药中,制粒,干燥,整粒,得酮酸钙部分;
b)称取质量份数量的消旋羟蛋氨酸钙、L‐醋酸赖氨酸、L‐组氨酸、L‐苏氨酸、L‐色氨酸、L‐酪氨酸、填充剂混合均匀,称取粘合剂B,溶于适量醇溶液,配制成浓度为5%‐15%的粘合剂B溶液,加入到混匀的非酮酸钙部分主药中,制粒,干燥,整粒,得非酮酸钙部分;
c)将上述两部分混合均匀,加入润滑剂和药学上允许的其他辅料,混匀,压片;
d)包衣。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复方α‐酮酸片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)与b)中所述的醇溶液为乙醇溶液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复方α‐酮酸片的制备方法,其特征在于所述包衣过程的包衣材料为尤特奇
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