CN1056239C - Manufacture of thin-wall curved metal mirror - Google Patents
Manufacture of thin-wall curved metal mirror Download PDFInfo
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- CN1056239C CN1056239C CN97106327A CN97106327A CN1056239C CN 1056239 C CN1056239 C CN 1056239C CN 97106327 A CN97106327 A CN 97106327A CN 97106327 A CN97106327 A CN 97106327A CN 1056239 C CN1056239 C CN 1056239C
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- glass
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- glass mold
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a thin-wall metal curved-surface mirror face. A proper glass material is blown into blank, and the blank is optically processed into glass mold whose surface shape and smooth finish are satisfactory. A mould which can be electroformed is formed after the glass mould is combined with other auxiliary parts. The surface of the glass mold can be metalized, and various metals can be electroformed in a lay separation way in an electroplating bath as required. A mirror face product can be formed by vacuum plating after demoulding, or multilayer electroforming can be performed after a demoulding layer, a protective film and a reflection layer are plated in vacuum on the glass mold, and the product is formed after demoulding. The present invention is suitable for manufacturing a thin-wall large-size curved-surface mirror face which has strict requirements on optics, weight, mechanics and heat-conducting property.
Description
The present invention relates to the manufacture field of optical mirror plane, the manufacturing that the thin-walled large scale curved surface minute surface of strict demand is all arranged at aspects such as optical property, weight, mechanics and heat conductivilitys that the fabrication and processing that belongs to the metal curved surface minute surface, particularly space industry or other optical instruments are required.
The space with optical instrument and equipment in, with radiometer radiative-transfer coolers etc., be to rely on the optical characteristics on other part surface to reach the work purpose as star, wherein the optical mirror plane of high reflectance occupies epochmaking status.In design, often various restrictive requirements are proposed optical mirror plane according to actual operating conditions, as special shape, in light weight, thermal conductivity good, the radiation and the reflection characteristic etc. on good strength and stiffness and surface are arranged.In document " FLW-1 radiative-transfer coolers " (Yang Chunjiang, refrigeration journal, third phase nineteen eighty-three), the radiative-transfer coolers that are used for sun synchronous orbit only need the planar metal minute surface to get final product, and process more convenient; Document " be used in the lightweight research (Pei Yuntian etc., China's Space science and technology, 1991 the 6th phases) of space optics instrument mirror, though minute surface is a curved surface, axial dimension is little, still with the whole block material retrofit for well; Yet the radiative-transfer coolers of using for stationary satellite, should design axisymmetric curved surface minute surface, consider other requirements again, it preferably is made up of multiple metal, and the material of good heat conductivity is wherein arranged, the material that mechanical function admirable is also arranged, its surface reply sunshine has good reflecting properties, and wall is very thin, also must have good rigidity and toughness, indeformable to satisfy in the satellites transmits process, so be difficult to achieve the goal with common processing technology.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method that the thin-wall curved metal mirror of strict demand is arranged at aspects such as optical property, weight, mechanics and heat conductivilitys,
Purpose of the present invention reaches by following technical solution: suitable glass is blow molded into the suitable blank of size and dimension, annealing is after precision optics is processed into the glass mold that all meets the technical requirement that minute surface is proposed at aspects such as size, face shape and smooth finish, other part synthesizes the electroforming mould with other again, power at precision machined glass mold then and cast the inside surface face type thin-walled all identical with glass outer surface with smooth finish part matrix in addition, plated film forms metal curved surface minute surface product in a vacuum again; Or elder generation's vacuum coating on glass mold forms the capable again electrotyping forming of specular layer.The present invention guarantees the face type and the smooth finish of optical mirror plane with precision machined glass mold, reaches in all good targets aspect mechanics and the heat conductivility with composite metal minute surface matrix.Manufacture process comprises that blowing, blank annealing, the processing of glass mold optics, the glass surface of glass blank metallize, are assembled into electroforming mould, layering electrotyping forming, the demoulding and vacuum coating.
For describing details of the present invention easily in detail, elder generation is as follows to description of drawings of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the techniqueflow chart of one embodiment of the invention.1 is the blowing of glass blank; 2 are the annealing of glass blank; 3 are the processing of glass mold optics; 4 are the surface of glass die metallization; 5 for being assembled into the electroforming mould; 6 is electrotyping forming; 7 go out in addition part of optics for the demoulding; 8 are coated with reflectance coating and diaphragm for minute surface.
Fig. 2 is the cut-away view of electroforming mould.9 are electroforming mould metal cover board among the figure, and 10 for finishing the glass mold of optics processing and surface metalation, and 11 are the glue envelope, and 12 is sheet rubber, and 13 is plastic cover plate, and 14 is turning axle.
Fig. 3 is the optics the made part sectioned view of part and amplification in addition.15 is SiO among the figure
2Diaphragm, 16 is silverskin, and 17 is the copper layer, and 18 is nickel dam.
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
(1) blowing 1 of glass mold.Size according to other part, leaving the concave metal blowing mould that produces the band vent port under the precondition of enough process redundancy, the vitreum of melting attitude is placed in the blowing mould, blow from the centre, make glass physical efficiency thickness be full of mould equably, go to mould mouth pressure with plank, make the glass blank plentiful, complete.
(2) annealing of glass blank 2.In annealing furnace, make blank be in must temperature under long enough, its internal stress level is dropped to is better than 2 grades, make it can bear process.
(3) processing of glass mold optics 3.Make surface of glass die have required face type and smooth finish by precision optics processing.Before the processing, earlier the glass blank is sticked on the anchor clamps.On special purpose machine tool, process, use grinding tool to carry out frosted earlier, when fine grinding, constantly revise curved surface and make it satisfy surface equation, polish at last near the target face type.
(4) the surface of glass die metallization 4.Surface metalation is the prerequisite of glass mold electroforming.Adopt silver mirror reaction to form silverskin at glass outer surface.Need thoroughly clean before this, and activate with stannous chloride, be active centre with the tin ion, makes catalyzer when glass surface metallizes.
(5) be assembled into electroforming mould 5.Glass mold and other auxiliary members are combined into the electroforming mould, and between glass workpiece, plastic cover plate, carry out the glue envelope in case electroplate liquid infiltrates with soft glue (as silicon rubber etc.).
Implement electroforming mould of the present invention in its axis of symmetry position by being equipped with the turning axle 14 of whole electroforming mould around its rotation, respectively fixing with metal cover board 9 separately at glass mold 10 upper and lower sides by plastic cover plate 13 separately, turning axle 14 is connected up and down on two metal cover boards 9, be lined with sheet rubber 12 between metal cover board 9 and the glass mold 10, the gap between glass workpiece and the plastic cover plate seals 11 with flexible glue glue.
(6) electrotyping forming 6.Form optical mirror plane part matrix in addition by electroforming.The electroforming mould is thoroughly cleaned, carry out electroforming at metallized surface of glass die and other appointed part then, the electroforming mould remains on to rotate in the electroforming solution and electrode also suitably is set to control complicated shape part thickness evenness everywhere in addition in the process, the thickness of electroformed layer is complied with the requirement of other part various aspects of performance is decided, and electroforming is complete thoroughly cleans.
Be that the multiple metal of layering electroforming forms in the electrotyping forming of the present invention, simple example is a first copper electroforming electroformed nickel again, and cast copper carries out in copper-bath, uses example prescription and operating conditions down:
Copper sulphate (CuSO
45H
2O) 200-250 grams per liter
Sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4) the 65-75 grams per liter
The temperature room temperature
Current density 2-5 ampere/square decimeter casting nickel is to have adopted sulfate-subchloride type electroforming process, and its prescription and operating conditions are as follows:
Nickelous sulfate (NiSO
47H
2O) 200-230 grams per liter
Boric acid (H
3BO
3) the 35-40 grams per liter
Sodium chloride (NaCl) 15-18 grams per liter
Sodium sulphate (Na
2SO
410H
2O) 80-100 grams per liter
Asccharin (C
6H
4COSO
2NH) 1-2 grams per liter
PH value 4.5-5.5
Temperature 40-60 ℃
Current density 1-2 ampere/square decimeter
(7) demoulding goes out optics part 7 in addition.The part edge in addition that earlier electroforming is become is peeled off with mould, utilizes the coefficient of thermal expansion character bigger than glass of metal to use cold water and hot water to make electroforming part and glass mold disengaging again, produces other part of composite metal that inside surface has silver layer.
(8) vacuum coating 8.Earlier other part inside surface is cleaned with collodion, hang then in vacuum coating equipment, finish being coated with metallic reflective coating and diaphragm in the rotary course of other part and under ion gun is auxiliary, metallic reflective coating generally is silver or aluminium, and its diaphragm is SiO or SiO
2Film does not then need diaphragm as make reflectance coating of gold.
Can make modification to said method; promptly after glass mold optics processing 3; do not carry out the glass surface metallization; but after cleaning, carry out glass surface vacuum coating earlier; promptly under vacuum, plate one deck remover (as silicone oil) earlier, plate layer protecting film (as being that reflectance coating does not then need protective film coating with gold) again, plate metallic reflective coating at last; carry out electroforming after promptly caning be assembled into the electroformed mould tool, be film metal curved surface minute surface product behind the demoulding.
The inventor has carried out the manufacturing of stationary satellite radiative-transfer coolers sun radiation shield with the inventive method.The face type of this radiation shield is the paraboloid of revolution, and parabolic equation is X
2+ Y
2=149.491Z.It is one at all bigger thin-wall curved metal mirror of radial and axial size.Its purposes is that the sunlight with incident goes in the reflected back space expeditiously by specified angle.It also must satisfy the requirement in other practicalities, and as when work, the temperature difference little (maximum is no more than 3K) everywhere, abominable mechanical environment and space environment when adapting to satellites transmits, weight limits are between the 1200-1300 gram etc.In this example, glass blank is 95
#Glass, blown blank sidewall thickness is not less than 10mm.Optics processing is carried out on improved lathe.The Ra of glass mold outside surface is better than 0.012 μ m, and Fig. 2 shows the electroforming mould that is combined into.Fig. 3 shows the optics the made part sectioned view of part and amplification in addition.Wherein metallic reflective coating is a silverskin, and thick is the 1000-1500 dust, and diaphragm is SiO
2, thickness is the 1000 Izod right sides, the copper layer thickness of electroforming is about 0.25mm, the about 0.25mm of nickel layer thickness.Experimental results show that this optical mirror plane satisfies request for utilization fully.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) in the manufacturing of metal curved surface minute surface, as the metal surface being polished to reach the precision mirror surface level is A very big difficult problem. In addition face type and the fineness of the inner surface of part by method manufacturing provided by the invention are Face type and the fineness of glass mold, and glass is more easily to be processed into the best bright finish minute surface.
(2) the optics of metals minute surface used of satellite is strictly limited by weight, often requires its very thin thickness, and is special That larger-size in addition part is to be difficult to direct processing and manufacturing. With method provided by the present invention can produce size big, The optical mirror plane that wall is very thin and optical property is fabulous.
(3) minute surface that has with the minute surface part of radiative-transfer coolers, requires other part to have the mechanical stability that good temperature homogeneity is become reconciled concurrently as satellite, and promptly the part material has good thermal conductivity and intensity preferably in addition, and this is difficult to be satisfied by a kind of metal or alloy.But, satisfy above-mentioned requirements with the different metal of method layering electroforming provided by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the manufacture method of a thin-wall curved metal mirror, comprise suitable glass is blow molded into the suitable blank of size and dimension, annealing is after precision optics is processed into the glass mold that all meets the technical requirement that minute surface is proposed in size, face shape and smooth finish, other part is combined into the electroforming mould with other again, is used to manufacture a product; It is characterized in that: power at precision machined glass mold and cast the inside surface face shape thin-walled all identical part matrix in addition with glass outer surface with smooth finish, vacuum coating forms metal curved surface minute surface product again, or elder generation's capable again electrotyping forming after vacuum coating on the glass mold forms minute surface.
2. according to the manufacture method of the thin-wall curved metal mirror of claim 1 defined, it is characterized in that processing with following steps:
(2-1) blowing of glass blank: the vitreum of fusion is blow molded into the glass blank in matrix metal blowing mould;
(2-2) glass blank annealing: blank is in temperature required long enoughly down in annealing furnace, reduces internal stress level;
(2-3) glass mold optics processing: on special purpose machine tool, the glass blank is carried out optics processing, produce the glass mold that reaches required type and smooth finish;
(2-4) surface of glass die metallization: carry out silver mirror reaction at glass outer surface, make surface metalation;
(2-5) be assembled into the electroforming mould: this glass mold and other auxiliary members are assembled into the electroforming mould, and glue envelope gap;
(2-6) electrotyping forming: mould is thoroughly cleaned, carry out electroforming at metallized surface of glass die and other appointed part then, form the optical mirror plane matrix of part in addition;
(2-7) demoulding goes out optical mirror plane part matrix in addition: utilize mould glass different with electroformed layer intermetallic thermal expansivity, carry out the demoulding by hot and cold alternation;
(2-8) vacuum coating: on the inside surface of other the part matrix of optical mirror plane that the demoulding goes out, be coated with metallic reflective coating and diaphragm in the auxiliary vacuum down of ion gun.
3. according to the manufacture method of the thin-wall curved metal mirror of claim 2 defined; it is characterized in that said step (2-4) surface of glass die metallization changes into implements vacuum earlier and is coated with parting-agent layer, diaphragm and metallic reflector on the good glass mold of Precision Machining; and implement other operations, but omit step (2-8).
4. according to the manufacture method of the thin-wall curved metal mirror of claim 2 defined, it is characterized in that said is the multiple metal of layering electroforming, and controls its metal layer thickness in step (2-6) electrotyping forming; The copper layer thickness of its electroforming is 0.25mm, and nickel layer thickness is 0.25mm.
5. according to the manufacture method of the thin-wall curved metal mirror of claim 1 defined, it is characterized in that, the electroforming mould of said this method of enforcement at its axis of symmetry by being equipped with the turning axle (14) of whole electroforming mould around its rotation, respectively fixing with metal cover board (9) separately at glass mold (10) upper and lower side by plastic cover plate (13) separately, turning axle (14) is connected on the metal cover board (9), be lined with sheet rubber (12) between metal cover board (9) and the glass mold (10), (11) are sealed with flexible glue glue in the gap between glass workpiece, the plastic cover plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97106327A CN1056239C (en) | 1997-03-18 | 1997-03-18 | Manufacture of thin-wall curved metal mirror |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97106327A CN1056239C (en) | 1997-03-18 | 1997-03-18 | Manufacture of thin-wall curved metal mirror |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1166461A CN1166461A (en) | 1997-12-03 |
| CN1056239C true CN1056239C (en) | 2000-09-06 |
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ID=5168576
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97106327A Expired - Fee Related CN1056239C (en) | 1997-03-18 | 1997-03-18 | Manufacture of thin-wall curved metal mirror |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1056239C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103160901A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-19 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Protective fixture for anode oxidation of radiation radiator of space travelling wave tube |
| CN110408965A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-05 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of micro electroforming part removes gluing method |
| CN112552079B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-09-12 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Metallized ceramic matrix composite material and curved surface metallization method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2034697U (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1989-03-22 | 邹恩林 | Compensation type reflector for slide projector |
| CN2043697U (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1989-08-30 | 航空工业部第六○九研究所 | Valve for controlling liquid |
| CN2055604U (en) * | 1989-06-17 | 1990-04-04 | 王建东 | Reflecting mirror |
| CN1101719A (en) * | 1993-10-09 | 1995-04-19 | 林隆财 | Preparation for reflection mirror |
-
1997
- 1997-03-18 CN CN97106327A patent/CN1056239C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2034697U (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1989-03-22 | 邹恩林 | Compensation type reflector for slide projector |
| CN2043697U (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1989-08-30 | 航空工业部第六○九研究所 | Valve for controlling liquid |
| CN2055604U (en) * | 1989-06-17 | 1990-04-04 | 王建东 | Reflecting mirror |
| CN1101719A (en) * | 1993-10-09 | 1995-04-19 | 林隆财 | Preparation for reflection mirror |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1166461A (en) | 1997-12-03 |
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