GB2120854A - Antennas - Google Patents
Antennas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2120854A GB2120854A GB08211050A GB8211050A GB2120854A GB 2120854 A GB2120854 A GB 2120854A GB 08211050 A GB08211050 A GB 08211050A GB 8211050 A GB8211050 A GB 8211050A GB 2120854 A GB2120854 A GB 2120854A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- profile
- coating
- face
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
- H01Q15/142—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Antenna apparatus, comprises: (a) at least one plastics substrate (1) having first and second opposite faces, wherein: at least a portion of said first face has a convex profile and at least a portion of said second face has a concave profile; (b) at least one reflective surface (9) adjacent and/or supported by a respective said face; and (c) at least one means (not shown) for (i) transmitting energy to at least one said reflective surface for reflection therefrom, and/or (ii) receiving energy reflected from at least one said reflective surface. A number of shapes e.g. circular, elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic are specified. Plastics materials for the substrate may be epoxy resin, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, or carbon fibre. The reflective surface may be vacuum-deposited aluminium. Dimensions are also specified. The energy transmitted or received may be e.m. radiation of radio or radar frequencies, or visible frequencies, or thermal frequencies, or acoustic energy. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Antennas
The present invention provides antenna apparatus, comprising: (a) at least one plastics substrate having first and second opposite faces, wherein: (i) at least a portion of said first face has at least one convex profile and at least a portion of said second face has at least one concave profile, or (ii) at least a portion of said first face has at least one concave profile, and at least a portion of said second face has at least one convex profile; (b) at least one reflective surface adjacent and/or supported by a respective said face; and (c) at least one feed means for: (i) transmitting energy to at least one said reflective surface for reflection therefrom and/or (ii) receiving energy reflected from at least one said reflective surface.
The antenna apparatus can be embodied for reflecting at least one kind of energy. One kind of energy is electromagnetic energy, e.g.: (a) Light frequency(s), for instance lightfrom a laser.
(b) Thermal frequency(s), for instance infra-red energy.
(c) Radar frequency(s).
(d) Radio-communication or -information frequency(s), e.g. from space vehicles.
(e) Video-communication or -information frequency(s), e.g. from space vehicles.
Another kind of energy is acoustic energy, e.g. in acoustic radar systems. The reflectable energy can comprise information of at least one kind and in at least one form, e.g. provided by any kind of modulation, for instance amplitude, frequency, position, or pulse modulation.
In the present invention, a said convex or concave profile is defined by a notional plane intersecting the plastics substrate. A said profile can have any shape(s) appropriate to any suitable reflection path(s), e.g. a shape that is substantially a portion of a circle, ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola. When a said face of the plastics substrate has a plurality of said convex or concave profiles, at least two of those profiles can be the same or different. Transition between adjacent profiles can be in any suitable manner(s), e.g. smooth or stepped (e.g. as with Fresnel lenses). A plurality of said planes can be such that sufficient said profiles are to enable at least one said substrate face to correspond substantially to a surface portion of a sphere or other solid figure, e.g. a hyperboloid or paraboloid.Thus, for one instance of the plastics substrate, the front surface can be a said first surface having parabolic concavity, and the rear surface can be a said second surface having parabolic convexity. A notional chord spanning opposite edges of the mouth of a said convex or said concave portion can be regarded as the "root" from which a said profile projects in a said plane, such that a line intersecting that profile and in that plane and from that chord will define "depth" of convexity or concavity as reckoned from that datum chord. The longest said chord can define the maximum "width" of convexity or concavity. A said width or depth can have any suitable values, depending on the material(s) and use of the antenna apparatus.Some maximum depths of convexity or concavity are values corresponding to 50% or less of the maximum width(s) of the substrate plus or minus the thickness of the substrate, depending on whether the depth refers to the substrate surface nearer the chord or the substrate surface further from the chord. Some maximum widths of convexity or concavity are any values substantially 1500 mm or less, e.g. 700 to 1000 mm, or 1000 to 1500 mm. Further width of substrate could be provided by means of an optional margin, periphery, or rim which can be an integral portion of any plastics substrate.
Such a rim could be embraced by frame means (see later below) and assist with supporting the antenna apparatus during use. The plastics substrate can have a uniform thickness or have a variable thickness, e.g.
the thickness of convex and concave portions of the substrate can be the same as or different from the thickness of a said optional rim. Some thickness(es) for the substrate are in the range 1.5 to 10.0 mm.
Any plastics substrate can have any suitable rigidity(s) or flexibility(s) at any stage during manufacture and/or use. Rigidity can be enhanced by frame means (see later below). The substrate can be provided with convexity and concavity in any suitable process(es). One such process comprises extrusion, injection or moulding of material(s). However, the substrate is preferably shaped in a process comprising pneumatic or vacuum forming of an initial substrate, preferably a planar substrate in sheet form.Such a process preferably comprises: cleaning a planar plastics sheet; heating the cleaned plastics sheet to any suitable temperature(s), e.g. in the range 175 to 200"C for a polycarbonate sheet; placing the heated sheet under a ring mould adapted for providing pneumatic forming; blowing high pressure air up to the heated sheet, so as to force the sheet through the ring mould and form a bubble, which can abut against at least one optional surface for imparting shape (e.g. parabolic shape), the bubble's curvature being controlled by the duration of the supply of high pressure air, that duration being controlled by the required height of the bubble cutting off the air supply by means of photo electric cell operate apparatus; cooling the resultant formed sheet; and removing the formed sheet from the mould.In another example of utilising a pianar plastics sheet, a vacuum forming mould replaces the ring mould after said heating; and the process then comprises: evacuating air from space between the vacuum forming mould and the placed sheet; pressing down the placed sheet while there is reduced pressure between the placed sheet and mould so that said pressing assists the drawing of the sheet into the mould; cooling the resultant formed sheet; and removing the formed sheet from the mould. Any suitable material(s) can be component material(s) of any plastics substrate, e.g. a plastics substrate can comprise at least one organic polymeric material, chosen e.g. for suitability of processing, and durability, and optical property(s). Some examples of organic polymeric materials are epoxy resins (e.g. with fibre glass for providing laminates), polyacrylates, or polymethacrylates.Preferably, the plastics substrate comprises polycarbonate material. Polycarbonate substrates are especially suitable for use in vandal or other hostile environments (e.g. where weather conditions might fluctuate substantially). Carbon fibre substrates could be used when apt.
The at least one reflective surface provided in the present invention can be constituted in any suitable manner. A said substrate face can be adjacent and/or support at least one said reflective surface. Any reflective surfaces can cover the whole or any portion(s) of that face. When a said face is provided with a plurality of said reflective surfaces, at least two of those surfaces can be the same or different (e.g. in geometrical and/or optical characteristics). Such a plurality can be arrayed in any suitable manner(s), e.g.
form at least one grating. Preferably, at least one said reflective surface is coating of at least one thickness on a said face, e.g. the substrate face that will be the front or rear face of an antenna. A preferred process of coating comprises: cleaning the formed plastics substrate; placing the cleaned substrate into an evacuation chamber; reducing the air or gas pressure in the chamber to e.g. substantially 10-4 Hg, and maintaining that vacuum for a period in the range 0.25 to 3.0 hours, e.g. 1.0 to 3.0 hours or 0.25 to 1.0 hours; providing ionisation and glow discharge appropriate to vacuum deposition of at least one metal, preferably aluminium; and vacuum depositing said at least one metal onto a substrate face, e.g. the front or rear face, preferably a convex rear face of parabolic curvature.The deposited metal(s) preferably provide at least one coating layer, the coating preferably having at least one thickness in the range 0.5 to 0.75 micron, e.g. 0.67 micron. The deposited metal(s) can have any suitable purity, e.g. be at least substantially 99.99% by weight pure. In this specification, the term metal also includes within its scope metalloids or metal allotropes or metal forms of element(s) capable of existing as non-metallic allotropes. For example, selenium is known to be capable of being deposited by vacuum deposition onto a substrate so as to give a light-reflective, photo-conductive layer. In general any said reflective surface provided in accordance with the present invention will be chosen according to the nature of the energy to be reflected (see later below).Aluminium is a preferred metal for forming a coating by means of a process comprising vacuum deposition. It should be noted that an alternative to a process comprising vacuum deposition could be a process comprising: pressing a preferred metal layer against a substrate face; flow coating; or chemical deposition; or electrolysis (for instance if the substrate were an electrically conductive plastics substrate having an electrically conductive transparent layer (e.g. of gold) previously deposited (e.g. by a process comprising vacuum deposition) onto the substrate before deposition of a light reflective layer (e.g. of aluminium)); or painting; or spraying.
The at least one reflective surface can be provided with protective means, e.g. at least one protective coating of at least one layer, for instance comprising magnesium fluoride (sometimes called magnesia fluoride). This coating can be provided by admitting vaporised magnesium fluoride into an evacuation chamber (see above) while that chamber contains any suitable reduced pressure. A said protective means can be a further said substrate, this further substrate being adjacent in contact or spaced apart relationship with at least one said reflective layer, e.g. so as to provide a sandwich composite with at least one said reflective layer between two said substrates. These substrates or laminations can be bonded or held together by any suitable means, e.g. frame means and/or adhesive.
Antenna apparatus of the present invention can comprise at least one support means for said plastics substrate. This at least one support means can comprise at least one frame means for framing at least a portion of the edge of the plastics substrate. When the substrate has a rim integral therewith, there can be a single said frame means adapted to embrace that rim, that frame means preferably having opposite first and second ends adapted to be fastened together so that said frame means grips the plastics substrate. One said frame end can be adapted to house at least one securing device that will engage the other said frame end, e.g. a screw threaded bolt having an end with a head slotted for receiving an Allan key and having a threaded shank.In general, a said frame means can constitute a peripheryforthe substrate of the mirror, at least one optional fastener means (e.g. Allan bolts and/or adhesive) for securing the periphery being engageable with that periphery. Said at least one frame means can comprise backing means for providing a back to a substrate having e.g spherical curvature, for instance a backing plate that will also be embraced by the single said embracing frame means. Said at least one frame means can be made of any suitable material(s), e.g. the single said embracing frame means can be of metal(s) and/or non-metals, e.g. steel, aluminium, aluminium alloy, or plastics, e.g. nylon or preferably polycarbonate.It will be appreciated that said at least one frame means can be embodied in any suitable manner, e.g. a said backing plate can be integral or non-integral with said periphery, and at least one said securing device can be at least partly concealed, for instance by a removeable cap covering the head of an Allan bolt. Said at least one frame means can comprise at least one seal means (e.g. an O-ring), e.g. for said backing means. Said at least one frame means can have any suitable finish, e.g. to resist weathering and/or to provide a decorative effect, for instance an epoxy resin paint can be a finish.
Antenna apparatus of the present invention can comprise at least one mount means for enabling said apparatus to be mounted to something, e.g. to a static or movable structure. At least one said mount means can be adapted so that at least one said antenna apparatus is statically or movably located in at least one plane. At least a portion of at least one said mount means can be a portion of at least one said frame means.
A said mount means could be an articulatable and/or angularly adjustable bracket means or other kind of support means.
Antenna apparatus of the present invention optionally comprises at least one scan means for imparting scanning motion in at least one plane to that apparatus. Said at least one scan means could be utilised for giving scanning to at least one of a plurality of said reflective surfaces disposed for instance in an array.
However, it will be appreciated that additionally or alternatively at least some scanning can be provided by swinging a beam of energy relative to at least one said reflective surface, e.g. when at least one said feed means is movable so as to vary the path of energy directed from that feed means to at least one said reflective surface. Non-scanning antenna apparatus can be used e.g. for receiving TV signals.
Said at least one feed means can be embodied in any suitable manner. When there is a plurality of said feed means at least two said feed means can be the same or different, e.g. when the same or different kinds of energy are to be reflected. A feed means can comprise or constitute at least one transducer means, e.g. a piezo-electric transducer for converting electrical energy into acoustic energy or vice versa. A feed means can comprise at least one rod or wire in an open or closed figure, for receiving or transmitting radar, radio, or video frequencies. A feed means can comprise at least one device for discharging electromagnetic energy from waveguide(s), e.g. a horn. There could be waveguide(s) comprising e.g. hollow section-electrically conductive material(s), -or electrically non-conductive material(s) coated with electrically conductive material.At least one said feed means can be disposed at any suitable location(s), e.g. at a focus of a said profile, for instance a focus of a parabola.
Any circuitry can be coupled to said at least one feed means, so as to pass energy to and/or receive energy from said at least one feed means.
The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 schematically shows examples of geometrical parameters for reflectors.
Figure 2 shows one embodiment of Figure 1's reflectors.
Figure 3 shows the frame of Figure 2's reflector.
Figure 4 shows another embodiment of Figure 1's reflector, having a frame different from Figures 2, 3.
Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a parabolic reflector.
Figure 6 shows another embodiment of a parabolic reflector.
In Figure 1 are illustrated some parameters of which at least one can apply to e.g. polycarbonate substrates:
Some examples
AB, radius of convexity 500 mm or less
AC, radius of concavity 500 mm or less
BE, length of chord
between ends B, E of arc
of convexity 1500 mm or less
CD, length of chord
between ends C, D of arc
of concavity 1500 mm or less
FH, length of normal from
chord BE or chord CD to
arc of convexity 1500 mm or less
GH, thickness of the
substrate 25 mm or less
In Figure 2, there is Figure 1's substrate 1 but also provided with a rim 2 integral with that substrate.
Overhang and thickness of the rim can be any suitable values, e.g. overhangs up to substantially 50 mm, for instance 35 mm overhang, and 35 mm thickness for rim 2. In Figure 3, a steel frame 3 has bezel 4 to frame the substrate 1 and provide a peripheral edge. Bezel 4 is integral with back plate 5 that will be behind the substrate 1. Bezel 4 has four Allan screws 6 for fastening bezel 4 to substrate. Integral with bezel 4 is a back plate 7 having four bores 8 for receiving bolts, screws, or clamps for mounting the resultant assembly to a wall or post, orto bracket means adjustable in at least one plane by for instance a ball and socket joint (not shown). The rear surface of substrate 1 has reflective coating 9 of vacuum deposited or sprayed reflective metal, e.g. aluminium.
In Figure 4, Figure l's substrate 1 is provided with frame means 10 comprising an encircling bezel 11 embracing the edge of substrate 1 and the edge of a circular back plate 12 which can be provided bolt holes (not shown) for enabling fastening of back plate 12 e.g. to any suitable support. The bezel has first and second opposite ends 13, 14. End 13 houses an Allan bolt head (not shown). End 14 houses and engages the threaded shank (not shown) that extends from the Allan bolt head. The rear surface of substrate 1 has reflective coating 9 of vacuum deposited or sprayed reflective metal, e.g. aluminium.
In Figure 5, a polycarbonate parabolic substrate 21 has on its concave surface 22 a reflective layer 23 of vacuum deposited or sprayed reflective metal, e.g. aluminium.
In Figure 6, a polycarbonate parabolic substrate 31 has adjacent its concave surface 32 a reflective layer 33 of reflective metal (e.g. aluminium) which can be foil, or a coating formed on surface 32 e.g. by vacuum deposition or spraying. A polycarbonate parabolic substrate 34 is adjacent layer 33 so that substrates 31,34 sandwich therebetween layer 33. The resultant composite can be bonded or held together by any suitable means, e.g. a bezel and/or adhesive.
At least one feed means (not shown) can be located at the focus of substrate 21 or 31, for supplying electromagnetic energy (e.g. of radio frequency) to be incident on the reflective layer 23 or 33 or for receiving reflected electromagnetic energy therefrom.
Embodiments or modifications of the above disclosures with reference to the accompanying drawings can be provided in any suitable manner utilising the description given above before the first reference to the accompanying drawings. For example, bezel 4 (Figure 1) can be made of steel, and bezel 11 can be made of polycarbonate (Figure 4). In general, the present invention can be embodied for any suitable application, e.g.
for a particular dB gain. If desired, space between at least one said substrate and at least one said feed means can be at least partly surrounded by optional protection (e.g. cone or other radome 35 of shaped plastics or fibreglass material) that will not prevent use of the apparatus. The antenna apparatus e.g. described with reference to the accompanying drawings can be mounted in any suitable manner(s), e.g. mounted statically (for instance for receiving TV signals from a satellite) or for motion in at least one plane, for scanning or no scanning. Adjustment of movement in horizontal and vertical planes can be provided to give e.g. at least a full 1800 in both planes, e.g. from 90" through 0" to 270 in a vertical plane, or a full 360" in a horizontal plane.
A plurality of said substrates can be constituted in any suitable manner(s). When a said antenna apparatus is provided with a plurality of said substrates, at least two of those substrates can be statically or movably disposed relative to each other e.g. two said substrates could be articulatable relative to each other by utilising any suitable hinge or other means, e.g. when resilient plastics material (e.g. polypropylene) defines portions constituting two said substrates separated by and integral with a resilient portion also constituted by that material. It should be noted that antenna apparatus according to the present invention can have any size(s), provided that such apparatus can be embodied appropriately. Said plastics substrates can be embodied in any suitable manner(s) with any suitable shape(s) and size(s).Flow coating or other coating processes can be used to metallise a surface of e.g. plastics material, for instance metallise a said substrate surface or the interior of a plastics wave-guide. It should be noted that substrate face(s) can have any sizes (e.g. maximum widths greater, equal, or less in size than those mentioned earlier above). Any one or more suitable feed means can be used for feeding energy to said reflective surface(s) or for receiving energy from such surface(s). At least one said feed means can be at a focus of a said profile or at any other suitable location. Energy reflected from a said reflective surface(s) can be of any quality(s) or quantity(s). The plastics substrate(s) can be at least partly transparent or at least partly opaque. In general, the plastics substrate(s) can be chosen to have any suitable property(s).The coating 9 can have any suitable thickness(es), e.g. in the range 0.5 to 0.75 micron. The coating 9 could continue to e.g. free edge of rim 2. A respective coating 9 could be on either or each of the front and rear surfaces of substrate 1.
CLAIMS (Filed on 13 April 1983)
1. Antenna apparatus, comprising:
(a) at least one plastics substrate having first and second opposite faces, wherein:
(i) at least a portion of said first face has at least one convex profile and at least a portion of said second face has at least one concave profile, or
(ii) at least a portion of said first face has at least one concave profile and at least a portion of said second face has at least one convex profile;
(b) at least one reflective surface adjacent and/or supported by a respective said face; and
(c) at least one means for
(i) transmitting energy to at least one said reflective surface for reflection therefrom, and/or
(ii) receiving energy reflected from at least one said reflective surface, said means (c) being able to feed energy in accordance with said requirement (c) (i) and/or said requirement (c) (ii).
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said profile comprises a portion of a circle.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1,wherein a said profile comprises a portion of an ellipse.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said profile comprises a portion of a hyperbola.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said profile comprises a portion of a parabola.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a said face has a single said profile.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a said face has a plurality of said profiles.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a said profile has a maximum depth of convexity corresponding to 50% or less of maximum width of said substrate plus or minus thickness of said substrate.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (48)
1. Antenna apparatus, comprising:
(a) at least one plastics substrate having first and second opposite faces, wherein:
(i) at least a portion of said first face has at least one convex profile and at least a portion of said second face has at least one concave profile, or
(ii) at least a portion of said first face has at least one concave profile and at least a portion of said second face has at least one convex profile;
(b) at least one reflective surface adjacent and/or supported by a respective said face; and
(c) at least one means for
(i) transmitting energy to at least one said reflective surface for reflection therefrom, and/or
(ii) receiving energy reflected from at least one said reflective surface, said means (c) being able to feed energy in accordance with said requirement (c) (i) and/or said requirement (c) (ii).
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said profile comprises a portion of a circle.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1,wherein a said profile comprises a portion of an ellipse.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said profile comprises a portion of a hyperbola.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said profile comprises a portion of a parabola.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a said face has a single said profile.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a said face has a plurality of said profiles.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a said profile has a maximum depth of convexity corresponding to 50% or less of maximum width of said substrate plus or minus thickness of said substrate.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a said profile has a maximum depth of
concavity corresponding to 50% or less of maximum width of said substrate plus or minus thickness of said substrate.
10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a said profile has a maximum width of convexity substantially 1500 mm or less.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said maximum width of convexity is in the range 700 to 1000 mm.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said maximum width of convexity is in the range 1000 to 1500 mm.
13. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a said profile has a maximum width of concavity substantially 1500 mm or less.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said maximum width of concavity is in the range 700 to 1000 mm.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said maximum width of concavity is in the range 1000 to 1500 mm.
16. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein said substrate has a thickness in the range 1.5 to 10.0 mm.
17. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein said substrate comprises epoxy resin.
18. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein said substrate comprises polyacrylate.
19. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein said substrate comprises polymethacrylate.
20. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein said substrate comprises polycarbonate.
21. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein said substrate comprises carbon fibre.
22. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein at least one said reflective surface is coating of at least one thickness on a said face.
23. Apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein said coating is of the front face of said substrate.
24. Apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherin said coating is of the rear face of said substrate.
25. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein said coating has at least one thickness in the range 0.5 to 0.75 micron.
26. Apparatus as claimed in claim 25, wherein said coating has a thickness of substantially 0.67 micron.
27. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein said coating comprises at least one vacuum deposited metal.
28. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein at least one said reflective surface comprises aluminium metal.
29. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein at least one said reflective surface comprises protective means.
30. Apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein said protective means comprises at least one protective coating.
31. Apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein said protective means is a further said substrate, this substrate being adjacent in contact or spaced apart relationship with at least one said reflective layer.
32. Apparatus as claimed in claim 31, wherein there is a sandwich composite comprising at least one said reflective layer between two said substrates.
33. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 32, comprising at least one support means for said substrate.
34. Apparatus as claimed in claim 33, wherein said at least one support means comprises at least one frame means for framing at least a portion of edge of said substrate.
35. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 34, comprising at least one mount means for enabling said apparatus to be mounted to something.
36. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 35, comprising at least one scan means for imparting scanning motion in at least one plane to said apparatus.
37. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein said at least one feed means is adapted to transmit and/or receive electromagnetic energy.
38. Apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein said at least one feed means is adapted to transmit and/or receive electromagnetic energy of radar, radio, or video frequency(s).
39. Apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein said at least one feed means is adapted to transmit and/or receive electromagnetic energy of light frequency(s).
40. Apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein at least one said feed means is adapted to transmit and/or receive electromagnetic energy of thermal frequency(s).
41. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein at least one said feed means is adapted to transmit and/or receive acoustic energy.
42. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
43. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
44. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
45. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
46. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
47. A method of transmitting energy, comprising carrying out that transmission with apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 46.
48. A method of receiving energy, comprising carrying out that reception with apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 46.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08211050A GB2120854A (en) | 1982-04-16 | 1982-04-16 | Antennas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08211050A GB2120854A (en) | 1982-04-16 | 1982-04-16 | Antennas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2120854A true GB2120854A (en) | 1983-12-07 |
Family
ID=10529729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08211050A Withdrawn GB2120854A (en) | 1982-04-16 | 1982-04-16 | Antennas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2120854A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3701029A1 (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-23 | Rca Corp | REFLECTOR FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4763133A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-08-09 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Reflector for circular polarization antenna and process for the production thereof |
| FR2615329A1 (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-11-18 | Ichikoh Industries Ltd | RECEPTION ANTENNA |
| EP0298060A2 (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-04 | GUSTAFSSON, Regis | A reflector for parabolic antennaes |
| WO1991008598A1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-13 | Sheraton Investments Limited | An antenna |
| GB2221351B (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1991-12-04 | British Telecomm | Antenna |
| EP0543664A3 (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1993-09-22 | Nifco Inc. | Parabolic antenna and method of manufacturing reflector body of the same |
| US5840383A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1998-11-24 | Bgf Industries, Inc. | Electromagnetic wave reflective fabric |
| EP1022804A2 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-07-26 | Whitaker Corporation | Reflector arrangement |
| EP1956677A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-13 | Ieiit - Cnr | High integrable flat antenna for satellite video receiving |
| CN110277650A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-24 | 厦门莱慧贸易有限公司 | A kind of Portable satellite aerial for outdoor study |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB891712A (en) * | 1957-09-20 | 1962-03-14 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to combined plastic and metallic structures |
| GB966398A (en) * | 1962-02-09 | 1964-08-12 | Marconi Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to radio reflectors |
| GB989395A (en) * | 1962-02-05 | 1965-04-14 | Kennedy Antenna Division Of El | Improvements relating to paraboloidal reflectors |
| GB1121999A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1968-07-31 | Marcel Alexis Morihain | Improvements in or relating to reflectors for electromagnetic waves |
| GB1160461A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1969-08-06 | British Aircraft Corp Ltd | Improvements relating to Curved Dish-Shaped Reflectors. |
| GB1544815A (en) * | 1974-12-21 | 1979-04-25 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics laminate |
-
1982
- 1982-04-16 GB GB08211050A patent/GB2120854A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB891712A (en) * | 1957-09-20 | 1962-03-14 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to combined plastic and metallic structures |
| GB989395A (en) * | 1962-02-05 | 1965-04-14 | Kennedy Antenna Division Of El | Improvements relating to paraboloidal reflectors |
| GB966398A (en) * | 1962-02-09 | 1964-08-12 | Marconi Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to radio reflectors |
| GB1121999A (en) * | 1964-12-09 | 1968-07-31 | Marcel Alexis Morihain | Improvements in or relating to reflectors for electromagnetic waves |
| GB1160461A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1969-08-06 | British Aircraft Corp Ltd | Improvements relating to Curved Dish-Shaped Reflectors. |
| GB1544815A (en) * | 1974-12-21 | 1979-04-25 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics laminate |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4763133A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1988-08-09 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Reflector for circular polarization antenna and process for the production thereof |
| DE3701029A1 (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-23 | Rca Corp | REFLECTOR FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| FR2615329A1 (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-11-18 | Ichikoh Industries Ltd | RECEPTION ANTENNA |
| DE3816212A1 (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-11-24 | Ichikoh Industries Ltd | Receiving antenna |
| EP0298060A2 (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-04 | GUSTAFSSON, Regis | A reflector for parabolic antennaes |
| EP0298060A3 (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-11-29 | Sparbanken Syd | A reflector for parabolic antennae |
| GB2221351B (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1991-12-04 | British Telecomm | Antenna |
| GB2245104A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-12-18 | Glasnost International Plc | An antenna |
| WO1991008598A1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-13 | Sheraton Investments Limited | An antenna |
| GB2245104B (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1993-06-09 | Glasnost International Plc | Antenna |
| EP0543664A3 (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1993-09-22 | Nifco Inc. | Parabolic antenna and method of manufacturing reflector body of the same |
| US5840383A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1998-11-24 | Bgf Industries, Inc. | Electromagnetic wave reflective fabric |
| EP1022804A2 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-07-26 | Whitaker Corporation | Reflector arrangement |
| EP1022804A3 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2003-11-05 | Whitaker Corporation | Reflector arrangement |
| EP1956677A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-13 | Ieiit - Cnr | High integrable flat antenna for satellite video receiving |
| CN110277650A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-24 | 厦门莱慧贸易有限公司 | A kind of Portable satellite aerial for outdoor study |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2120854A (en) | Antennas | |
| US5512913A (en) | Flat plate antenna, scaler collector and supporting structure | |
| AU719718B2 (en) | Device for covering the aperture of an antenna | |
| CA2206647A1 (en) | Composite rooftop antenna for terrestrial and satellite reception | |
| CA2508651A1 (en) | Scintillator panel and radiation image sensor | |
| CN1653385A (en) | Improvement in reflection-type projection screen | |
| GB2104444A (en) | Composite mirror panels | |
| US5117343A (en) | Reflector arrangement | |
| US4585317A (en) | Reflector with attenuating connecting plates | |
| CA1249008A (en) | Electrically heatable reflective element | |
| US4533591A (en) | Process for producing a device for reflecting electromagnetic energy and product produced thereby | |
| US20130312734A1 (en) | Solar heat collecting pipe | |
| US3644730A (en) | Selective reflectors | |
| CA2005973A1 (en) | Focussing device for a microwave antenna | |
| EP1455967B9 (en) | A method of forming an electromagnetic reflector | |
| EP0079062A1 (en) | Reflector and method for making the same | |
| WO2010052282A1 (en) | Assembly for conveying solar rays, particularly for systems for converting solar energy into electric and/or thermal energy | |
| GB2236019A (en) | Microwave focussing device | |
| AU634485B2 (en) | Reflector antenna with off set feeding | |
| GB2111237A (en) | Curved plastics mirrors | |
| GB2168854A (en) | Antenna systems | |
| WO2005020373A1 (en) | Plane elements for the absorption or reduction of the reflection of electromagnetic waves | |
| JPS59167103A (en) | Parabolic reflective plate for antenna | |
| US4274099A (en) | Random conductive roving reflective surfacing for antennas and guides | |
| JPH04904A (en) | Manufacture of parabolic antenna |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |