CN105622781B - A kind of method of chitin in eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells - Google Patents
A kind of method of chitin in eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN105622781B CN105622781B CN201610171817.4A CN201610171817A CN105622781B CN 105622781 B CN105622781 B CN 105622781B CN 201610171817 A CN201610171817 A CN 201610171817A CN 105622781 B CN105622781 B CN 105622781B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method for chitin in a kind of eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells, step is that shrimp and crab shells are obtained shrimp and crab shells powder by processes such as cleaning, ethyl alcohol immersion, cleaning, drying, crushing.Choline chloride, thiocarbamide are mixed in a certain ratio and added in reaction vessel, heating water bath, stirring prepares eutectic ionic liquid.Shrimp and crab shells powder is added to by certain mass ratio in eutectic ionic liquid again, after heating stirring reaction a period of time, using water as reverse phase solvent, by centrifuging, detaching, being dried to obtain chitin.Its main feature is that by solvent that is cheap and nontoxic, preparing easy choline chloride and thiocarbamide eutectic ionic liquid and the synergistic effect of catalysis, chitin under normal pressure in separation and Extraction shrimp and crab shells, it is not only mild with treatment conditions, extraction process is simple, react the characteristics of easily controllable, the recyclable recycling of eutectic ionic liquid simultaneously, reduces environmental pollution, and reduces energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical industry application fields, and in particular to chitin in a kind of eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells
Method.
Background technology
Chitin is only second to the second largest renewable resource of cellulose as reserves in nature, annual output up to 1,000,000,000 tons with
On, the lower algae, the mushroom cell that are widely present in nature, shrimp, crab and insect shell, the cell wall of plant etc. are certainly
The right a large amount of existing unique natural alkaline polysaccharides in boundary and its derivative chitosan are described as by scientist after protein, sugar, fat
The 6th vital principle other than fat, vitamin, minerals.Due to chitin have the advantages that it is many uniqueness, such as it is biodegradable,
Safe and non-toxic, good biocompatibility and chemical property stabilization etc. are widely used in food industry in recent years, environment is protected
The fields such as shield, medicine, agricultural, light textile, functional material.
In general, the raw material containing chitin all can be used for produce chitin, but consider from production cost, at present with
Based on shrimp and crab shells.China can produce the aquatic products such as shrimp, crab 50MT every year according to statistics, and resulting shrimp, crab shell resource reach 10MT,
Chitin and its derived product 300KT can be produced.But current China chitin annual output only has 30KT, and most as former
Material outlet, added value of product is low, and economic benefit is poor.And the total output of the annual chitin kind product in the whole world also only has 150KT.
Discarded shrimp, crab shell not only cause the significant wastage of resource, and environmental pollution is serious.At present, the extracting method of chitin
Mainly there are acid-base method, enzyme process, fermentation method etc..These methods there are it is certain the problem of, as acid-base method can generate a large amount of soda acid
Waste water, environmental pollution is larger, and the production cycle is longer；Enzyme process cleans, and environmental pollution is smaller, but produces enzyme price used and hold high
Expensive, production cost is high；The shortcomings that fermentation method is that the production cycle is long.Therefore, search out that a kind of production cost is low and environmental pollution is small
Extraction process, improve the utilization property of chitin, become one of hot issue of scientist's extensive concern in recent years.From
The salt that sub- liquid is made of organic cation and inorganic anion, is in a liquid state at normal temperatures.In recent years because it is steady with performance
It is fixed, it is pollution-free, it easily recycles, and pass is received improving reaction rate, selectivity and catalytic action etc. presentation clear superiority
Note enjoys the reputation of " green solvent ".Also there are related application, Zhou Yawen etc. in chitin dissolving and catalytic pyrolysis using conventional miaow
Azole ion liquid dissolving shrimp shell finds that lysate of the shrimp shell in ionic liquid is mainly chitin, and ionic liquid is
The direct solvent of chitin.But since its biological degradability is poor, there is certain toxicity, and cost is 2~4 times of usual vehicle
Even higher, therefore, it is difficult to be used widely.And eutectic ionic liquid is as a kind of special ionic liquid, is by 2 kinds
Or 3 kinds of components are at a certain temperature through simple and mechanical mixing, a kind of congruent melting salt that self-association is formed with interaction of hydrogen bond, both
It is forced down with steam, the property of dissolubility and the wide plasma liquid of excellent conductivity, electrochemical stability window, also has cost
It is low, prepare the unique characteristic such as simple, non-toxic, biodegradable, and building-up process atom utilization is up to 100%, is one kind
Novel green solvent.But it there is no application in terms of the extraction to chitin.It is disclosed by the invention be with environmentally protective and
The method of low-cost novel choline chloride/thiocarbamide eutectic ionic liquid separation and Extraction chitin from shrimp and crab shells.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention：For the above problem in the presence of existing chitin extracting method, the present invention provides one
The chitin extracting method that kind is simple for process, production cost is low and environmental pollution is small.
Technical solution of the present invention：Using fresh shrimp, crab shell as the raw material for preparing chitin, using choline chloride, thiocarbamide
Two kinds of raw materials prepare eutectic ionic liquid, are dissolved by certain liquid ratio prawn crab shell powder, controlling reaction temperature, reaction when
Between, finally by centrifuging, detach, be dried to obtain chitin.
The method of chitin, mainly includes the following steps that in a kind of eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells：
(1) shrimp and crab shells processing early period：The foreign matter of shrimp and crab shells surfaces externally and internally is removed, after being rinsed repeatedly with water, is immersed in ethyl alcohol
In solution, then take the following powder of 100 mesh spare through drying, grinding, being sieved after being repeatedly rinsed with water；
(2) preparation of eutectic ionic liquid：Choline chloride and thiocarbamide in molar ratio 1: (0.5~1.5) is mixed and be placed in
In reaction vessel, the stirring under conditions of 80 DEG C~100 DEG C of temperature is until all become colourless transparent liquid to get to eutectic
Ionic liquid；
(3) by shrimp and crab shells powder in mass ratio 1 that step (1) obtains: (10~40) are added to the eutectic of step (2) synthesis
In ion liquid solvent, it is stirred to react at a temperature of 90~130 DEG C 1~6 hour, obtains reactant；
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, supernatant is taken after being centrifuged on supercentrifuge, then with
Distilled water repeatedly to supernatant close to neutrality, obtains chitin, supernatant as reverse phase solvent, washing after sediment is dried
After rotary evaporation removes moisture, drying to obtain recycling eutectic ionic liquid.
Shrimp and crab shells, which are put into impregnate in ethanol solution, in the step (1) can play the role of decoloration, while become shrimp shell
It is crisp, be conducive to be milled to grain size below 100 mesh；
The condition of step (4) high speed centrifugation is 4000~8000r/min of rotating speed, each centrifugation time 5~
10min。
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) solvent used in the present invention is choline chloride/thiocarbamide eutectic ionic liquid, low in raw material price and nothing
Poison, preparation process is easy, and mild condition, temperature is low, and the time is short.
(2) present invention is by the solvent of eutectic ionic liquid and the synergistic effect of catalysis, separation and Extraction shrimp crab under normal pressure
Chitin in shell, not only mild with treatment conditions, extraction process is simple, reacts the characteristics of easily controllable, while eutectic
The recyclable recycling of ionic liquid, reduces environmental pollution, and reduces energy consumption.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing for chitin standard sample in embodiment 2 eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp shell in chitin it is infrared
(FTIR) spectrogram, the appearance profile line of two curves is extremely close in figure, and there are several characteristic absorption peaks of chitin：
3400cm-1For O-H stretching vibration absworption peaks；3270cm-1For N-H stretching vibration absworption peaks；2960cm-1~2879cm-13
Absorption peak is C-H stretching vibration absworption peaks；1657cm-1、1557cm-1、1315cm-1The absorption peak at place, respectively amide I, II,
III bands of a spectrum；1030cm-1~1157cm-1Between 4 C-O stretching vibrations absorption peak；897cm-1It is absorbed for ring stretching vibration
Peak illustrates that obtained product is chitin in the present inventive method, and eutectic ionic liquid dissolving shrimp shell does not destroy first
The structure of shell element, also without generation derivative.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) lobster shell processing early period：The foreign matter of lobster shell surfaces externally and internally is removed, after being rinsed with water, is immersed in ethanol solution
In, then take the following powder of 100 mesh spare through drying, grinding, being sieved after being repeatedly rinsed with water；
(2) preparation of eutectic ionic liquid：By choline chloride, thiocarbamide, 1: 1 mixing is placed in reaction vessel in molar ratio,
In the stirred in water bath that reaction temperature is 90 DEG C until all becoming colourless transparent liquid to get to eutectic ionic liquid；
(3) shrimp shell meal in mass ratio 1: 15 that step (1) obtains is added to the eutectic ionic liquid of step (2) synthesis
In, it is persistently stirred 2 hours when reaction temperature is 90 DEG C；
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, pours into centrifuge tube and centrifuged, rotating speed 4000r/
Min, time 5min take supernatant and distilled water are added to be washed as reverse phase solvent, centrifuge taking precipitate again, so repeatedly
Repeatedly to supernatant close to neutrality, will weigh after final sediment, that is, chitin drying.It is computed, chitin recovery rate is
2.23%.
Embodiment 2
(1) lobster shell processing early period：The foreign matter of lobster shell surfaces externally and internally is removed, after being rinsed with water, is immersed in ethanol solution
In, then take the following powder of 100 mesh spare through drying, grinding, being sieved after being repeatedly rinsed with water；
(2) synthesis of eutectic ionic liquid：By choline chloride, thiocarbamide, 1: 1 mixing is placed in reaction vessel in molar ratio,
In the stirred in water bath that reaction temperature is 90 DEG C until all becoming colourless transparent liquid to get to eutectic ionic liquid；
(3) shrimp shell meal that step (1) obtains is added to the eutectic ionic liquid of step (2) synthesis by liquid ratio 20: 1
In, it is stirred 2 hours when reaction temperature is 110 DEG C；
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, pours into centrifuge tube and centrifuged, rotating speed 4000r/
Min, time 5min take supernatant and distilled water are added to be washed as reverse phase solvent, centrifuge taking precipitate again, so repeatedly
Repeatedly to supernatant close to neutrality, will weigh after final sediment, that is, chitin drying.It is computed, chitin recovery rate is
5.43%.
Embodiment 3
(1) lobster shell processing early period：The foreign matter of lobster shell surfaces externally and internally is removed, after being rinsed with water, is immersed in ethanol solution
In, then take the following powder of 100 mesh spare through drying, crushing, being sieved after being repeatedly rinsed with water；
(2) synthesis of eutectic ionic liquid：By choline chloride, thiocarbamide, 1: 1 mixing is placed in reaction vessel in molar ratio,
In the stirred in water bath that reaction temperature is 90 DEG C until all becoming colourless transparent liquid to get to eutectic ionic liquid；
(3) shrimp shell meal that step (1) obtains is added to the eutectic ionic liquid of step (2) synthesis by liquid ratio 20: 1
In, it is stirred 4 hours when reaction temperature is 110 DEG C；
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, pours into centrifuge tube and centrifuged, rotating speed 4000r/
Min, time 5min take supernatant and distilled water are added to be washed as reverse phase solvent, centrifuge taking precipitate again, so repeatedly
Repeatedly to supernatant close to neutrality, will weigh after final sediment, that is, chitin drying.It is computed, chitin recovery rate is
4.14%.
Claims (3)
1. the method for chitin, mainly includes the following steps that in a kind of eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells：
(1) shrimp and crab shells processing early period：The foreign matter of shrimp and crab shells surfaces externally and internally is removed, after being rinsed repeatedly with water, is immersed in ethanol solution
In, then take the following powder of 100 mesh spare through drying, grinding, being sieved after being repeatedly rinsed with water；
(2) preparation of eutectic ionic liquid：Choline chloride and thiocarbamide in molar ratio 1: (0.5~1.5) is mixed and be placed in reaction
In container, the stirring under conditions of 80 DEG C~100 DEG C of temperature is until all become colourless transparent liquid to get to eutectic ion
Liquid；
(3) by shrimp and crab shells powder in mass ratio 1 that step (1) obtains: (10~40) are added to the eutectic ion of step (2) synthesis
In liquid flux, it is stirred to react at a temperature of 90~130 DEG C 1~6 hour, obtains reactant；
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, supernatant is taken after being centrifuged on supercentrifuge, then with distillation
Water repeatedly to supernatant close to neutrality, obtains chitin, supernatant is through rotation as reverse phase solvent, washing after sediment is dried
After turning evaporation removing moisture, drying to obtain recycling eutectic ionic liquid.
2. the method for chitin in a kind of eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Shrimp and crab shells, which are put into impregnate in ethanol solution, in the step (1) can play the role of decoloration, while shrimp shell is made to become fragile, and be conducive to
Grain size is milled to below 100 mesh.
3. the method for chitin in a kind of eutectic ionic liquid extraction shrimp and crab shells according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The condition of step (4) the high speed centrifugation is rotating speed 4000~8000r/min, each 5~10min of centrifugation time.
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| CN106749763B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A method of high-purity crust being prepared from shrimp shell meal using ionic liquid |
| CN106749764B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method that one step of quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid prepares chitin in shrimp and crab shells |
| CN106866842B (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Chitin, protein and calcium of organic acid method are prepared from shrimp shell using ionic liquid |
| CN108771151A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-09 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of method that medium temperature prepares sterile shrimping beam trawl dry powder |
| CN108623709A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-09 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of extracting method of chitin |
| CN109293795B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-03-30 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Nano chitin material and its preparation method and use |
| CN111662395B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-03-29 | 南京林业大学 | Method for preparing acetylated nano chitin whisker by one-step method |
| CN110183510B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2023-06-23 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Method for separating insect protein, grease and chitin by natural eutectic solvent in one step and application thereof |
| IT201900016973A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-23 | Milano Politecnico | Process for the extraction and purification of chitin with green solvents |
| CN111171181A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-19 | 杭州传一科技有限公司 | method for extracting β -chitin from squid cartilage |
| CN113527535A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-22 | 钱能胜 | Method for preparing chitosan from shrimp heads, shrimp shells and crab shells |
| CN112209360A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-12 | 北京理工大学 | Shrimp shell conversion method based on sulfonic acid type eutectic solvent |
| CN114634633B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-12-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Solvent system for dissolving chitin and application thereof |
| CN114790252A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 中科院过程工程研究所南京绿色制造产业创新研究院 | Eutectic solvent, preparation method thereof and application thereof in preparation of chitin |
| CN114044835A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-02-15 | 南京林业大学 | Method for extracting chitin from crayfish shells by microwave-assisted eutectic solvent |
| CN114181328B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-11-01 | 季华实验室 | Method for extracting beta-chitin from squid cartilage |
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| CN100567183C (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-12-09 | 大连利健甲壳素股份有限公司 | The method that chitin, chitosan are produced treating waste liquid |
| CN103156049B (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2015-01-21 | 上海红马饲料有限公司 | Method for extracting protein and chitin by fermenting shrimp heads and shrimp shells |
| CN102702390A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 天津工业大学 | Method for preparing low molecular weight chitosan through acidic ionic liquid aqueous solution degradation method |
| CN104262506A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-01-07 | 大连泓业海洋生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing chitosan by degrading chitin with ionic liquid |
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Application publication date: 20160601 Assignee: Nanjing Cheng Shan Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: X2019320000341 Denomination of invention: Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid Granted publication date: 20180703 License type: Common License Record date: 20191211 Application publication date: 20160601 Assignee: Nanjing Mai Wen environmental protection equipment Engineering Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: X2019320000342 Denomination of invention: Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid Granted publication date: 20180703 License type: Common License Record date: 20191211 |