CN105622781A - Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid - Google Patents
Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN105622781A CN105622781A CN201610171817.4A CN201610171817A CN105622781A CN 105622781 A CN105622781 A CN 105622781A CN 201610171817 A CN201610171817 A CN 201610171817A CN 105622781 A CN105622781 A CN 105622781A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid. The method comprises the following steps: clearing the shrimp and crab shells, soaking in ethanol, cleaning, drying, crushing and the like to obtain shrimp and crab shell powder; mixing choline chloride and thiourea according to a certain proportion, adding into a reaction container, heating in a water bath, and stirring to obtain the eutectic ionic liquid; adding the shrimp and crab shell powder into the eutectic ionic liquid according to a certain mass ratio, heating, stirring and reacting for a certain period of time, taking water as a reverse-phase solvent, centrifugating, separating and drying to obtain the chitin. The method has the characteristics as follows: by virtue of a synergistic effect of the cheap, non-toxic and easily-prepared eutectic ionic liquid prepared from the choline chloride and the thiourea, the solvent and a catalyst, the chitin in the shrimp and crab shells is separated and extracted at an atmospheric pressure, so that the method has the characteristics of a mild treatment condition, a simple extraction process, and high easiness in controlling the reaction; meanwhile, the eutectic ionic liquid is recyclable, so that environment pollution and energy consumption are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical industry application field, it is specifically related to a kind of method that eutectic ionic liquid extracts chitin in shrimp and crab shells.
Background technology
Chitin is only second to the second largest renewable resources of Mierocrystalline cellulose as reserves in nature, annual production reaches more than 1,000,000,000 tons, the lower algae that is extensively present in nature, mushroom cell, shrimp, crab and insect shell, the cell walls etc. of plant, it is the unique natural alkaline polysaccharide that nature exists in a large number, and the 6th vital principle beyond the protein that continues, sugar, fat, VITAMIN, mineral substance is described as by its derivative chitosan by scientist. Owing to chitin has the advantage of many uniquenesses, as can biological degradation, safety non-toxic, good biocompatibility and chemical property stable etc., be widely used in the fields such as foodstuffs industry, environment protection, medicine, agricultural, light textile, functional materials in recent years.
In general, the raw material containing chitin all can be used for producing chitin, but considers from production cost, at present based on shrimp and crab shells. China can produce the fishery products 50MT such as shrimp, crab every year according to statistics, and consequent shrimp, crab shell resource reach 10MT, can produce chitin and derived product 300KT thereof. But China's chitin annual production only has 30KT at present, and the overwhelming majority is as material outlet, and added value of product is low, and economic benefit is poor. And the ultimate production of the annual chitin kind product in the whole world also only has 150KT. Discarded shrimp, crab shell not only cause the significant wastage of resource, and environmental pollution is serious. At present, the extracting method of chitin mainly contains acid-base method, enzyme method, fermentation method etc. All there is certain problem in these methods, as acid-base method can produce a large amount of acidic and alkaline waste waters, environmental pollution is relatively big, and the production cycle is longer; Enzyme method cleans, and environmental pollution is less, but it is expensive to produce enzyme used, production cost height; The shortcoming of fermentation method is that the production cycle is long. Therefore, search out the extraction process that a kind of production cost is low and environmental pollution is little, it is to increase the exploitation property of chitin, become one of hot issue of scientist's extensive concern in recent years. The salt that ionic liquid is made up of organic cation and inorganic anion, at normal temperatures in liquid. In recent years because it has stable performance, pollution-free, easily reclaim, and present clear superiority and receive much concern in raising speed of reaction, selectivity and katalysis etc., enjoy the reputation of " green solvent ". Dissolving at chitin and also have related application in catalytic pyrolysis, Zhou Yawen etc. adopt conventional glyoxaline ion liquid to dissolve shrimp shell, it has been found that the shrimp shell mainly chitin of the lysate in ionic liquid, and ionic liquid is the direct solvent of chitin. But owing to its biological degradability is poor, there is certain toxicity, and cost is 2��4 times even higher of usual vehicle, therefore, it is difficult to be used widely. And eutectic ionic liquid is as a kind of special ionic liquid, it is at a certain temperature through simple and mechanical mixing by 2 kinds or 3 kinds of components, a kind of congruent melting salt that self-association is formed with interaction of hydrogen bond, both had that steam forces down, solvability and excellent conductivity, electrochemical stability window width plasma liquid character, also possess that cost is low, preparation is simple, nontoxicity, can unique characteristic such as biological degradation, and building-up process atom utilization reaches 100%, it it is a kind of novel green solvent. But it there is no application in the extraction of chitin. Disclosed by the invention is with the method for environmental protection and novel choline chloride 60 with low cost/thiocarbamide eutectic ionic liquid separation and Extraction chitin from shrimp and crab shells.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention: for the problems referred to above existing in existing chitin extracting method, the present invention provides the chitin extracting method that a kind of technique is simple, production cost is low and environmental pollution is little.
Technical solution of the present invention: using fresh shrimp, crab shell as the raw material preparing chitin, choline chloride 60, thiocarbamide two kinds of raw materials is adopted to prepare eutectic ionic liquid, by certain liquid ratio, shrimp and crab shells powder is dissolved, in control temperature of reaction, the reaction times, obtain chitin finally by centrifugal, separation, drying.
Eutectic ionic liquid extracts a method for chitin in shrimp and crab shells, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) shrimp and crab shells process in early stage: the foreign matter removing outside surface in shrimp and crab shells, after repeatedly rinsing with water, is immersed in ethanolic soln, then through drying, grind, sieve after repeatedly rinsing with water, get the 100 following powder of order for subsequent use;
(2) preparation of eutectic ionic liquid: 2 kinds of components are placed in reaction vessel by certain mol proportion mixing, stir until all become colourless transparent liquid when temperature 80 DEG C��100 DEG C, namely obtain eutectic ionic liquid;
(3) shrimp and crab shells powder step (1) obtained in mass ratio 1: (10��40) join in the eutectic ionic liquid solvent that step (2) is synthesized, at the temperature of 90��130 DEG C, stirring reaction 1��6 hour, obtains reactant;
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, after centrifugal on supercentrifuge, gets supernatant liquor, then using distilled water as anti-phase solvent, washing repeatedly to supernatant liquor close to neutral, namely obtains chitin after being dried by throw out. Supernatant liquor removes after moisture through rotary evaporation, is drying to obtain and reclaims eutectic ionic liquid.
In described step (1), shrimp and crab shells puts into the effect that ethanolic soln immersion can play decolouring, makes shrimp shell become crisp simultaneously, is beneficial to and grinds;
2 kinds of components in described step (2) are respectively choline chloride 60 and thiocarbamide; Namely mol ratio refers to the ratio of choline chloride 60 with thiocarbamide, and its scope is 1: (0.5��1.5);
The centrifugal condition of described step (4) high speed is rotating speed 4000��8000r/min, each centrifugation time 5��10min.
The useful effect of the present invention:
(1) solvent that the present invention is used is choline chloride 60/thiocarbamide eutectic ionic liquid, its low in raw material price and nontoxic, and preparation process is easy, and mild condition, temperature is low, and the time is short.
(2) synergy of the solvent of the present invention by eutectic ionic liquid and catalysis, chitin in separation and Extraction shrimp and crab shells under normal pressure, not only there is treatment condition gentleness, extraction process is simple, reaction is easy to the feature of control, the recyclable recycling of eutectic ionic liquid simultaneously, reduces environmental pollution, reduces energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is infrared (FTIR) spectrogram that in chitin standard and embodiment 2, eutectic ionic liquid extracts chitin in shrimp shell, and in figure, the appearance profile line of two curves is extremely close, all there are several charateristic avsorption bands of chitin: 3400cm-1For O-H stretching vibration absorption peak; 3270cm-1For N-H stretching vibration absorption peak; 2960cm-1��2879cm-13 absorption peaks, be C-H stretching vibration absorption peak; 1657cm-1��1557cm-1��1315cm-1The absorption peak at place, is respectively acid amides I, II, III bands of a spectrum; 1030cm-1��1157cm-1Between the absorption peak of 4 C-O stretching vibrations; 897cm-1For ring stretching vibration absorption peak, illustrating that the product obtained by the method for the present invention is chitin, eutectic ionic liquid dissolves the structure that shrimp shell does not destroy chitin, does not also generate derivative.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) lobster shell process in early stage: the foreign matter removing outside surface in lobster shell, after rinsing with water, is immersed in ethanolic soln, then through drying, grind, sieve after repeatedly rinsing with water, gets the 100 following powder of order for subsequent use;
(2) preparation of eutectic ionic liquid: 1: 1 mixing in molar ratio of choline chloride 60, thiocarbamide is placed in reaction vessel, being the stirred in water bath of 90 DEG C in temperature of reaction until all becoming colourless transparent liquid, namely obtaining eutectic ionic liquid;
(3) shrimp shell meal step (1) obtained joins in eutectic ionic liquid that step (2) synthesize in mass ratio at 1: 15, continues when temperature of reaction is 90 DEG C to stir 2 hours;
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, pour into centrifuge tube carries out centrifugal, rotating speed 4000r/min, time 5min, get supernatant liquor and adding distil water washs as anti-phase solvent, recentrifuge taking precipitate, so repeated multiple times to supernatant liquor close to neutral, weigh after final throw out and chitin are dried. Through calculating, chitin extraction yield is 2.23%.
Embodiment 2
(1) lobster shell process in early stage: the foreign matter removing outside surface in lobster shell, after rinsing with water, is immersed in ethanolic soln, then through drying, grind, sieve after repeatedly rinsing with water, gets the 100 following powder of order for subsequent use;
(2) synthesis of eutectic ionic liquid: 1: 1 mixing in molar ratio of choline chloride 60, thiocarbamide is placed in reaction vessel, being the stirred in water bath of 90 DEG C in temperature of reaction until all becoming colourless transparent liquid, namely obtaining eutectic ionic liquid;
(3) shrimp shell meal that step (1) obtains is joined in the eutectic ionic liquid that step (2) is synthesized by liquid ratio 20: 1, stir 2 hours when temperature of reaction is 110 DEG C;
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, pour into centrifuge tube carries out centrifugal, rotating speed 4000r/min, time 5min, get supernatant liquor and adding distil water washs as anti-phase solvent, recentrifuge taking precipitate, so repeated multiple times to supernatant liquor close to neutral, weigh after final throw out and chitin are dried. Through calculating, chitin extraction yield is 5.43%.
Embodiment 3
(1) lobster shell process in early stage: the foreign matter removing outside surface in lobster shell, after rinsing with water, is immersed in ethanolic soln, then through drying, pulverize, sieve after repeatedly rinsing with water, gets the 100 following powder of order for subsequent use;
(2) synthesis of eutectic ionic liquid: 1: 1 mixing in molar ratio of choline chloride 60, thiocarbamide is placed in reaction vessel, being the stirred in water bath of 90 DEG C in temperature of reaction until all becoming colourless transparent liquid, namely obtaining eutectic ionic liquid;
(3) shrimp shell meal that step (1) obtains is joined in the eutectic ionic liquid that step (2) is synthesized by liquid ratio 20: 1, stir 4 hours when temperature of reaction is 110 DEG C;
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, pour into centrifuge tube carries out centrifugal, rotating speed 4000r/min, time 5min, get supernatant liquor and adding distil water washs as anti-phase solvent, recentrifuge taking precipitate, so repeated multiple times to supernatant liquor close to neutral, weigh after final throw out and chitin are dried. Through calculating, chitin extraction yield is 4.14%.
Claims (4)
1. eutectic ionic liquid extracts a method for chitin in shrimp and crab shells, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) shrimp and crab shells process in early stage: the foreign matter removing outside surface in shrimp and crab shells, after repeatedly rinsing with water, is immersed in ethanolic soln, then through drying, grind, sieve after repeatedly rinsing with water, get the 100 following powder of order for subsequent use;
(2) preparation of eutectic ionic liquid: 2 kinds of components are placed in reaction vessel by certain mol proportion mixing, stir until all become colourless transparent liquid when temperature 80 DEG C��100 DEG C, namely obtain eutectic ionic liquid;
(3) shrimp and crab shells powder step (1) obtained in mass ratio 1: (10��40) join in the eutectic ionic liquid solvent that step (2) is synthesized, at the temperature of 90��130 DEG C, stirring reaction 1��6 hour, obtains reactant;
(4) reactant that step (3) obtains is cooled to room temperature, after centrifugal on supercentrifuge, gets supernatant liquor, then using distilled water as anti-phase solvent, washing repeatedly to supernatant liquor close to neutral, namely obtains chitin after being dried by throw out. Supernatant liquor removes after moisture through rotary evaporation, is drying to obtain and reclaims eutectic ionic liquid.
2. a kind of eutectic ionic liquid according to claim 1 extracts the method for chitin in shrimp and crab shells, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), shrimp and crab shells puts into the effect that ethanolic soln immersion can play decolouring, makes shrimp shell become crisp simultaneously, is beneficial to and grinds.
3. a kind of eutectic ionic liquid according to claim 1 extracts the method for chitin in shrimp and crab shells, it is characterised in that, in described step (2), 2 kinds of components are respectively choline chloride 60 and thiocarbamide; Namely mol ratio refers to the ratio of choline chloride 60 with thiocarbamide, and its scope is 1: (0.5��1.5).
4. a kind of eutectic ionic liquid according to claim 1 extracts the method for chitin in shrimp and crab shells, it is characterised in that, the centrifugal condition of described step (4) high speed is rotating speed 4000��8000r/min, each centrifugation time 5��10min.
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Cited By (16)
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| CN106749764A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | The method that a kind of step of quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid one prepares chitin in shrimp and crab shells |
| CN106866842A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Using ionic liquid chitin, protein and calcium of organic acid method are prepared from shrimp shell |
| CN108623709A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-09 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of extracting method of chitin |
| CN108771151A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-09 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of method that medium temperature prepares sterile shrimping beam trawl dry powder |
| CN109293795A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-02-01 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of nano-chitosan material and its preparation method and application |
| CN110183510A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-30 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | The method and its application of natural one step of eutectic solvent separation insect protein, grease and chitin |
| CN111171181A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-19 | 杭州传一科技有限公司 | method for extracting β -chitin from squid cartilage |
| CN111662395A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-15 | 南京林业大学 | Method for preparing acetylated nano chitin whisker by one-step method |
| CN112209360A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-12 | 北京理工大学 | Shrimp shell conversion method based on sulfonic acid type eutectic solvent |
| IT201900016973A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-23 | Milano Politecnico | Process for the extraction and purification of chitin with green solvents |
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| CN114044835A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-02-15 | 南京林业大学 | Method for extracting chitin from crayfish shells by microwave-assisted eutectic solvent |
| CN114181328A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-15 | 季华实验室 | Method for extracting beta-chitin from squid cartilage |
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| CN106866842A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Using ionic liquid chitin, protein and calcium of organic acid method are prepared from shrimp shell |
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| CN108623709A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-09 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of extracting method of chitin |
| CN109293795A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-02-01 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of nano-chitosan material and its preparation method and application |
| CN111662395A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-15 | 南京林业大学 | Method for preparing acetylated nano chitin whisker by one-step method |
| CN111662395B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-03-29 | 南京林业大学 | Method for preparing acetylated nano chitin whisker by one-step method |
| CN110183510A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-30 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | The method and its application of natural one step of eutectic solvent separation insect protein, grease and chitin |
| IT201900016973A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-23 | Milano Politecnico | Process for the extraction and purification of chitin with green solvents |
| CN111171181A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-19 | 杭州传一科技有限公司 | method for extracting β -chitin from squid cartilage |
| CN113527535A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-22 | 钱能胜 | Method for preparing chitosan from shrimp heads, shrimp shells and crab shells |
| CN112209360A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-12 | 北京理工大学 | Shrimp shell conversion method based on sulfonic acid type eutectic solvent |
| CN114634633A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Solvent system for dissolving chitin and application thereof |
| CN114634633B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-12-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Solvent system for dissolving chitin and application thereof |
| CN114790252A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 中科院过程工程研究所南京绿色制造产业创新研究院 | Eutectic solvent, preparation method thereof and application thereof in preparation of chitin |
| CN114044835A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-02-15 | 南京林业大学 | Method for extracting chitin from crayfish shells by microwave-assisted eutectic solvent |
| CN114181328A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-15 | 季华实验室 | Method for extracting beta-chitin from squid cartilage |
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Application publication date: 20160601 Assignee: Nanjing Cheng Shan Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: X2019320000341 Denomination of invention: Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid Granted publication date: 20180703 License type: Common License Record date: 20191211 Application publication date: 20160601 Assignee: Nanjing Mai Wen environmental protection equipment Engineering Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: X2019320000342 Denomination of invention: Method for extracting chitin from shrimp and crab shells by using eutectic ionic liquid Granted publication date: 20180703 License type: Common License Record date: 20191211 |
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