CN109320618A - A kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate - Google Patents
A kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109320618A CN109320618A CN201811170705.2A CN201811170705A CN109320618A CN 109320618 A CN109320618 A CN 109320618A CN 201811170705 A CN201811170705 A CN 201811170705A CN 109320618 A CN109320618 A CN 109320618A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/04—Extraction or purification
- C08B30/042—Extraction or purification from cereals or grains
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate, the extracting method includes: that raw material crushes after cleaning, smashed cereal carries out expelling-expansion pretreatment, wherein the temperature of six sections of twin (double) screw extruder is respectively 30-40 DEG C of Ith area, II 35-45 DEG C of area, III 30-50 DEG C of area, IV 40-55 DEG C of area, V 40-60 DEG C of area, VI 45-70 DEG C of area, screw rod revolution is 100-400rpm, cereal materials dipping by lye after extrusion, coarse starch milk is obtained after centrifugation, with originally water washing after coarse starch milk acid elution, obtain pure starch milk, finished product of starch is obtained after drying.The present invention is compared with traditional alkaline process, and concentration of lye used reduces 50%, and soaking time shortens 20h, and starch extraction rate improves 25%, and extraction time greatly shortens, and energy consumption reduces, and the recovery rate of starch is significantly promoted, and production efficiency significantly improves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of food industry, and in particular to a kind of extrusion collaboration alkaline process raising cereals starch isolation
The method of rate.
Background technique
Starch is the main component of green plants fruit, seed, root tuber, stem tuber, and cereal is important agricultural product, they are dry
70% or so of based component is starch, the digestion and absorption and decomposition that cereal kind of starch can be slow by human body, stable, energy
Release slowly, not will cause blood glucose and increase suddenly, beneficial to human health.In addition to this there are also some excellent spies for cereal kind of starch
Property, for example, rice starch granule, between 2-8um, granularity is uniform, the rice starch water suction of gelatinization is fast, and texture is very soft and smooth
Similar cream, has the mouthfeel of fat, can be as the substitute of fat.
Extruding and puffing technology is collection mixing, stirring, broken, heating, boiling, sterilization, extruding and is molded as one, Neng Goushi
A series of modern processing for showing units simultaneously and operating continuously.Extruding and puffing technology is easy to operate, and infusion of financial resources is few, extensively
Applied in modern food processing, the technology is environmentally friendly, is a kind of operating technology of green energy conservation.At extrusion
Material macromolecular after reason will become small molecule, accelerate the dissolution of starch, treated material dipping by lye, albumen and starch
It more easily separates, other opposite processing techniques have unique advantage.
Chinese invention patent (application publication number: 107141358 A of CN, data of publication of application: 2017.09.08) discloses one
Kind buckwheat starch extracting method, water bath sonicator extracts flavones after which is dissolved after grinding buckwheat with ethyl alcohol, uses hydrogen-oxygen later
Change sodium solution dissolution, water bath sonicator extracts albumen, is alternately washed with the sodium hydroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 1.0mol/L and 0.5mol/L later
It washs away decontamination and obtains starch.This method is when extracting starch using lye, treatment process are comparatively laborious twice；Chinese invention is special
Sharp (application publication number: 1974602 A of CN, data of publication of application: 2007.06.06) disclose extracted from oat oat starch,
The production technology of oat egg white powder, step include that oat is rolled to skin to obtain oat kernel, and oat kernel is impregnated, defibrination, centrifuge separation
Obtain oat starch and oat egg white liquor；Purifying drying and crushing obtains oat starch, and the present invention can be mentioned simultaneously using a technique
It obtains to two kinds of products, but used enzyme during fecula purifying, enzyme is at high cost, is not suitable for producing in enormous quantities in industry；In
State's patent of invention (application publication number: 104817644 A of CN, data of publication of application: 2015.08.05) discloses a kind of rice starch
Preparation method, rice by milling, it is enzyme reaction, centrifugation washing, remove supernatant, drying, totally 5 procedures obtain rice shallow lake
Powder, easily operated although the preparation process is simple, the rice meal ground is impregnated using enzyme solution, and temperature is 55 in soaking process
DEG C or so, it also needs plus lye control pH, starch extraction rate is low.
The present invention can effectively solve the height of concentration of lye present in above-mentioned technology, and soaking time is long, large labor intensity, form sediment
The low problem of powder recovery rate, extruding and puffing technology used in the present invention is easy to operate, and infusion of financial resources is few, is widely used, and green is without dirt
Dye, the concentration compared to conventional method lye reduce 50%, and soaking time is greatly shortened, and starch extraction rate significantly improves.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the existing amyloid extraction process of most of cereal, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of extrusions
The method for cooperateing with alkaline process to improve cereals starch extraction rate, reduces the concentration and soaking time of lye, improves the recovery rate of starch.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of extrusion collaboration alkaline process and improves cereals starch extraction rate
Method, technical solution include the following steps:
(1) high-quality full cereal materials are chosen, impurity in raw material is removed, pretreated material is crushed with pulverizer；
(2) smashed material carries out extrusion processing；
(3) treated that material is mixed in a certain ratio with a certain proportion of sodium hydroxide solution for extrusion, impregnates one
The fixed time, supernatant liquid is outwelled, lower layer is centrifuged；
(4) supernatant liquid is outwelled after being centrifuged and leaves and takes lower sediment, obtains coarse starch milk；
(5) coarse starch milk is washed with hydrochloric acid solution, then obtains pure starch milk, evaporation removes to neutrality with originally water washing
Moisture is gone to obtain finished product of starch.
It is preferred that raw material mainly includes rice, buckwheat, quinoa, highland barley, broom corn millet, oat, sorghum in step (1).
Further preferably, step (1) Central Plains feed powder is broken into the powdery that granularity is 50-200 mesh.
Further preferably, it is single screw rod or twin-screw extruder that the extruder that extruding defibrination uses in step (2), which is extruder,
Machine.
Further preferably, step (2) if in material handled with single screw rod extrusion, the temperature in three areas of extruder difference
For 35-45 DEG C of Ith area, 40-55 DEG C of IIth area, 40-70 DEG C of IIIth area, screw rod revolution 100-300rpm, material moisture 15-40%,
The diameter of extruder die material outlet hole is 1-5mm.
Further preferably, step (2) if in material twin-screw extruder expanding treatment, extruder six zone temperatures difference
For 30-40 DEG C of Ith area, 35-45 DEG C of IIth area, 30-50 DEG C of IIIth area, IV 40-55 DEG C of area, V 40-60 DEG C of area, VI 45-70 DEG C of area, screw rod
Revolution is 100-400rpm, and material moisture 15-45%, the diameter of extruder die material outlet hole is 1-5mm.
Further preferably, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.05%-0.1%, sodium hydroxide solution volume in step (3)
It is 1:1-1:5, soaking time 5-20h, centrifugal rotational speed 3000-6000r/min, time 10-20min with solid masses ratio.
Further preferably, step (5) coarse starch milk is washed using 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution.
Compared with prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
This technology significantly improves the amyloid recovery rate of cereal, significantly reduces the concentration and immersion of extraction process lye
Time；
Compared with prior art, the present invention concentration of lye used reduces 50%, soaking time shortens 20h, starch isolation
Rate improves 25%, and extraction time greatly shortens, and energy consumption reduces, and the recovery rate of starch is significantly promoted, and production efficiency significantly improves；
The process equipment less investment, operation are easy, green non-pollution, it will be apparent that reduce labor intensity, production efficiency is substantially
Degree improves.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram that a kind of extruding and puffing technology cooperates with alkaline process raising cereals starch extraction rate；
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of the present invention with two kinds of cereal materials starch extraction rates of traditional soda.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, but specific implementation described herein
Example is only to explanation of the present invention is carried out, and scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
20kg buckwheat is weighed, is crushed after cleaning removal of impurities and removes shell, except the buckwheat after shell is ground into 60 mesh powders with pulverizer,
It being encased in extruder hopper, the temperature in setting six areas of extruder is respectively 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C, 35 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 50 DEG C,
Screw speed is 300rpm, and the diameter of material moisture 45%, extruder die material outlet hole is 3mm, after extrusion
Material is mixed with 0.08% sodium hydroxide solution, solid-liquid ratio 1:4, is stood 8h, is outwelled supernatant, lower layer's mixed liquor is in 4000r/
Min is centrifuged 20min, removes upper liquid after centrifugation and obtains coarse starch milk；Coarse starch milk is added 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid and stirs evenly,
In 5000r/min centrifuge washing, time 10min is washed with water 3 times later, obtains pure starch milk, and then in an oven 50 DEG C
For 24 hours, buckwheat starch finished product, starch extraction rate 88% can be obtained in lower drying.
Embodiment 2
20kg rice is weighed, rice is ground into powder with pulverizer after pretreatment, is encased in extruder hopper, is arranged
The temperature in six areas of extruder is respectively 35 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, and screw speed 400rpm, material contains
Water is 40%, and the diameter of extruder die material outlet hole is 3mm, and the material and 0.06% sodium hydroxide solution after extrusion are mixed
It closes, solid-liquid ratio 1:4, stands 10h, outwell supernatant, lower layer mixed liquor 5000r/min is centrifuged 15min, after centrifugation in removal
Layer liquid obtains coarse starch milk；Coarse starch milk is added 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid and stirs evenly, primary in 4000r/min centrifugation, the time
For 20min, be washed with water later 3 times, obtain pure starch milk, then in an oven at 50 DEG C it is dry for 24 hours, rice shallow lake can be obtained
Powder finished product, starch extraction rate 84%.
Embodiment 3
30kg buckwheat is weighed, is crushed after cleaning removal of impurities and removes shell, except the buckwheat after shell is ground into 80 mesh or more with pulverizer
Powder is encased in extruder hopper, the temperature in setting six areas of extruder is respectively 35 DEG C, 35 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 50 DEG C,
60 DEG C, screw speed 250rpm, the diameter of material moisture 40%, extruder die material outlet hole is 3mm, will be squeezed out
Material afterwards is mixed with 0.1% sodium hydroxide solution, solid-liquid ratio 1:3, is stood 10h, is outwelled supernatant, lower layer's mixed liquor exists
4000r/min is centrifuged 20min, removes upper liquid after centrifugation and obtains coarse starch milk；Coarse starch milk is added 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid and stirs
It mixes uniformly, in 5000r/min centrifuge washing, time 10min is washed with water 3 times later, obtains pure starch milk, then drying
For 24 hours, buckwheat starch finished product can be obtained in drying at 50 DEG C in case.
Embodiment 4
30kg rice is weighed, rice is ground into powder with pulverizer after pretreatment, is encased in extruder hopper, is arranged
The temperature in six areas of extruder is respectively 35 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 65 DEG C, and screw speed 350rpm, material contains
Water is 40%, and the diameter of extruder die material outlet hole is 3mm, and the material and 0.08% sodium hydroxide solution after extrusion are mixed
It closes, solid-liquid ratio 1:4, stands 10h, outwell supernatant, lower layer mixed liquor 5000r/min is centrifuged 15min, after centrifugation in removal
Layer liquid obtains coarse starch milk；Coarse starch milk is added 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid and stirs evenly, primary in 4000r/min centrifugation, the time
For 20min, be washed with water later 3 times, obtain pure starch milk, then in an oven at 50 DEG C it is dry for 24 hours, rice shallow lake can be obtained
Powder finished product.
Embodiment 5
40kg buckwheat is weighed, is crushed after cleaning removal of impurities and removes shell, except the buckwheat after shell is ground into 80 mesh or more with pulverizer
Powder is encased in extruder hopper, the temperature in setting six areas of extruder is respectively 40 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 60 DEG C,
70 DEG C, screw speed 300rpm, the diameter of material moisture 40%, extruder die material outlet hole is 3mm, will be squeezed out
Material afterwards is mixed with 0.1% sodium hydroxide solution, solid-liquid ratio 1:3, is stood 10h, is outwelled supernatant, lower layer's mixed liquor exists
4000r/min is centrifuged 20min, removes upper liquid after centrifugation and obtains coarse starch milk；Coarse starch milk is added 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid and stirs
It mixes uniformly, in 5000r/min centrifuge washing, time 10min is washed with water 3 times later, obtains pure starch milk, then drying
For 24 hours, buckwheat starch finished product can be obtained in drying at 50 DEG C in case.
Embodiment 6
40kg rice is weighed, rice is ground into powder with pulverizer after pretreatment, is encased in extruder hopper, is arranged
The temperature in six areas of extruder is respectively 40 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 65 DEG C, and screw speed 300rpm, material contains
Water is 40%, and the diameter of extruder die material outlet hole is 3mm, and the material and 0.07% sodium hydroxide solution after extrusion are mixed
It closes, solid-liquid ratio 1:4, stands 12h, outwell supernatant, lower layer mixed liquor 5000r/min is centrifuged 15min, after centrifugation in removal
Layer liquid obtains coarse starch milk；Coarse starch milk is added 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid and stirs evenly, primary in 4000r/min centrifugation, the time
For 20min, be washed with water later 3 times, obtain pure starch milk, then in an oven at 50 DEG C it is dry for 24 hours, rice shallow lake can be obtained
Powder finished product.
Embodiment 7
Control group 1
20kg buckwheat is weighed, is crushed after cleaning removal of impurities and removes shell, except the buckwheat after shell is put into dipping tank, with 0.3% hydrogen-oxygen
Change sodium solution to impregnate, solid-liquid ratio 1:2,50 DEG C of dipping temperature, it is during which primary every 6h stirring, after impregnating for 24 hours, removes old liquid and add
Enter new soda-dip 20h, it is primary every 6h stirring, it is slurried later with hammer crusher wet-milling, 0.3% hydrogen-oxygen is added in side when defibrination
Change sodium solution side to grind to obtain starch slurry, farinaceous size pH is adjusted to 7 or so with hydrochloric acid, then washed, uses centrifuge later
Finished product buckwheat starch after dehydration and drying, starch extraction rate 63%.
Embodiment 8
Control group 2
20kg rice is weighed, rice is put into dipping tank after pretreatment, is impregnated with 0.3% sodium hydroxide solution, feed liquid
It is 50 DEG C of dipping temperature, during which primary every 6h stirring than for 1:2, after impregnating for 24 hours, removes old liquid and new soda-dip 36h is added,
Primary every 6h stirring, after impregnation, grain of rice softening can be crumbed rice with finger.Hammer crusher wet-milling is used later
It is slurried, when defibrination grinds when 0.3% sodium hydroxide solution is added.Coarse grain is isolated with 300 mesh screens and obtains starch slurry, uses salt
Farinaceous size pH is adjusted to 7 or so by acid, then is washed, finished product rice starch after being dehydrated later with centrifuge, is formed sediment
Powder recovery rate is 59%.
Embodiment 9
Control group 3
30kg buckwheat is weighed, is crushed after cleaning removal of impurities and removes shell, except the buckwheat after shell is put into dipping tank, with 0.3% hydrogen-oxygen
Change sodium solution to impregnate, solid-liquid ratio 1:2,50 DEG C of dipping temperature, it is during which primary every 6h stirring, after impregnating for 24 hours, removes old liquid and add
Enter new soda-dip 20h, it is primary every 6h stirring, it is slurried later with hammer crusher wet-milling, 0.3% hydrogen-oxygen is added in side when defibrination
Change sodium solution side to grind to obtain starch slurry, farinaceous size pH is adjusted to 7 or so with hydrochloric acid, then washed, uses centrifuge later
Finished product buckwheat starch after dehydration and drying.
Embodiment 10
Control group 4
30kg rice is weighed, rice is put into dipping tank after pretreatment, is impregnated with 0.3% sodium hydroxide solution, feed liquid
It is 50 DEG C of dipping temperature, during which primary every 6h stirring than for 1:2, after impregnating for 24 hours, removes old liquid and new soda-dip 36h is added,
Primary every 6h stirring, after impregnation, grain of rice softening can be crumbed rice with finger.Hammer crusher wet-milling is used later
It is slurried, when defibrination grinds when 0.3% sodium hydroxide solution is added.Coarse grain is isolated with 300 mesh screens and obtains starch slurry, uses salt
Farinaceous size pH is adjusted to 7 or so by acid, then is washed, finished product rice starch after being dehydrated later with centrifuge.
Embodiment 11
Control group 5
40kg buckwheat is weighed, is crushed after cleaning removal of impurities and removes shell, except the buckwheat after shell is put into dipping tank, with 0.3% hydrogen-oxygen
Change sodium solution to impregnate, solid-liquid ratio 1:2,50 DEG C of dipping temperature, it is during which primary every 6h stirring, after impregnating for 24 hours, removes old liquid and add
Enter new soda-dip 20h, it is primary every 6h stirring, it is slurried later with hammer crusher wet-milling, 0.3% hydrogen-oxygen is added in side when defibrination
Change sodium solution side to grind to obtain starch slurry, farinaceous size pH is adjusted to 7 or so with hydrochloric acid, then washed, uses centrifuge later
Finished product buckwheat starch after dehydration and drying.
Embodiment 12
Control group 6
40kg rice is weighed, rice is put into dipping tank after pretreatment, is impregnated with 0.3% sodium hydroxide solution, feed liquid
It is 50 DEG C of dipping temperature, during which primary every 6h stirring than for 1:2, after impregnating for 24 hours, removes old liquid and new soda-dip 36h is added,
Primary every 6h stirring, after impregnation, grain of rice softening can be crumbed rice with finger.Hammer crusher wet-milling is used later
It is slurried, when defibrination grinds when 0.3% sodium hydroxide solution is added.Coarse grain is isolated with 300 mesh screens and obtains starch slurry, uses salt
Farinaceous size pH is adjusted to 7 or so by acid, then is washed, finished product rice starch after being dehydrated later with centrifuge.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate, which comprises the steps of:
(1) high-quality full cereal materials are chosen, the impurity in cereal materials, pretreated material pulverizer powder are removed
It is broken；
(2) extrusion processing is carried out to smashed material；
(3) treated that material is mixed in a certain ratio with sodium hydroxide solution for extrusion, is soaked for a period of time, outwells upper layer
Liquid is left and taken lower sediment and is centrifuged；
(4) supernatant liquid is outwelled after being centrifuged and leaves and takes lower sediment, obtains coarse starch milk；
(5) coarse starch milk is washed with hydrochloric acid solution, then with originally water washing to neutrality, obtains pure starch milk, evaporation removes water
Separately win to obtain finished product of starch.
2. a kind of method that extruding and puffing technology collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, raw material mainly includes rice, buckwheat, quinoa, highland barley, broom corn millet, oat, sorghum in the step (1).
3. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1, feature
It is, step (1) Central Plains feed powder is broken into the powdery that granularity is 50-200 mesh.
4. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1, feature
It is, the extruder that extrusion processing uses in the step (2) is single screw rod or twin (double) screw extruder.
5. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1, feature
Be, the step (2) if in material handled with single screw squeezing expansion machine, the temperature in three areas of extruder is respectively I
35-45 DEG C of area, 40-55 DEG C of IIth area, 40-70 DEG C of IIIth area, screw rod revolution 100-300rpm, moisture content of material 20-45% are squeezed
The diameter of press die head material outlet hole is 1-5mm.
6. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1, feature
Be, the step (2) if in material twin-screw extruder expanding treatment, six zone temperatures of extruder are respectively I area 30-40
DEG C, 35-45 DEG C of IIth area, 30-50 DEG C of IIIth area, IV 40-55 DEG C of area, V 40-60 DEG C of area, VI 45-70 DEG C of area, screw rod revolution be 100-
400rpm, moisture content of material 20-45%, the diameter of extruder die material outlet hole are 1-5mm.
7. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1, feature
It is, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.05%-0.1%, sodium hydroxide solution volume and solid masses in the step (3)
Than for 1:1-1:5, soaking time 5-20h, centrifugal rotational speed 3000-6000r/min, time 10-20min.
8. a kind of method that extrusion collaboration alkaline process improves cereals starch extraction rate according to claim 1, feature
It is, step (5) coarse starch milk is washed using 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution.
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| CN111909280A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method for extracting alpha-starch from cyperus esculentus |
| CN113455616A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院 | Cured and regenerated rice, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111909280A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method for extracting alpha-starch from cyperus esculentus |
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| CN113455616A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院 | Cured and regenerated rice, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190212 |