CN105621737B - 一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,其步骤如下:向白钨矿选矿废水中加入脱稳剂石灰乳,得到脱稳废水后,加入pH调整剂使废水pH保持在9‑10并添加适量的高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖,在该pH下进行首次沉降,然后加入pH调整剂降低pH到4‑5,继续沉降,得到净化水。本发明首先利用石灰乳使选矿废水中的悬浮物脱稳,然后利用高分子药剂壳聚糖对pH变化的应激反应,通过改变pH引起高分子药剂絮凝分散作用的变化,强化了粗颗粒絮凝体与水的分离效果,絮凝效率高,沉降速度快,可以较好地解决选矿废水的净化问题,实现废水的达标排放。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工业废水处理领域,涉及一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,它是利用具有应激反应的絮凝剂絮凝沉淀处理选矿废水,处理后的废水可达标排放或达到回用标准。
背景技术
选矿厂产生的废水简称为选矿废水,我国的选矿废水有如下三个特点:(1)选矿废水排放量大。(2)选矿废水成分复杂,有毒有害成分多,但浓度较低。(3)浮选厂的选矿废水所含的药剂品种多且浓度高。选矿厂采用浮选工艺时,添加的各种捕收剂、抑制剂、起泡剂、调整剂等,除一部分吸附在浮选精矿和尾矿颗粒上外,其余都随选矿废水排出。选矿废水不经处理排放或流失会严重污染环境,危害水产和植物及人体健康。目前,国内外大多数矿山与选矿厂都在积极推行选矿废水的回用,有的已产生了良好的经济效益和显著的社会效益。
目前,常用的选矿废水处理方法有自然降解、混凝沉淀、中和、吸附、氧化分解等。混凝沉淀是在水中投加具有凝聚能力的物质,使微细颗粒形成聚集体,使其粒度增大,从而加速其沉降过程,实现选矿废水处理的方法。该方法具有流程简单、管理方便、运行可靠、费用低、原材料易得等特点,在国内使用较多。然而该工艺存在一个缺点,即沉降初期形成的聚集体中含有一定的水分,无法与固体分离,影响了泥水分离效果。因此,寻找合适的絮凝剂及絮凝沉降工艺,强化选矿废水沉降过程中泥水分离效果,实现选矿废水稳定达标排放,可以消除选矿企业废水排放对周边环境造成的污染,对保护环境具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,就是在选矿废水沉降过程中,添加对pH具有应激反应的高分子絮凝剂,通过调控选矿废水的pH,引起高分子药剂絮凝分散作用的变化,强化泥水分离效果,实现选矿废水稳定达标排放及深度净化回用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向选矿废水中加入脱稳剂,搅拌反应后,得到脱稳废水;所述的脱稳剂为石灰,石灰需配置成5-10wt%的石灰乳后添加,加入量以能使选矿废水pH稳定在9-11;
(2)向脱稳废水中添加pH调整剂将废水pH调整到一定值并加入絮凝剂,在该pH下进行沉降,得到上清液和絮凝体;所述的絮凝剂为壳聚糖,壳聚糖以1wt%浓度的溶液添加,加入量使絮凝剂在废水中浓度达到50-120mg/L;所述的废水pH调整到一定值是指pH调整到9-10,沉降时间为30-60min;
(3)得到上清液和絮凝体后要将废水的pH降低到一定值,继续进行沉降,得到各项指标达标的净化水;所述的废水的pH降低到一定值是指pH降低到3-4继续沉降,得到净化水,沉降时间为10-30min。
本发明首先利用石灰乳使选矿废水中的悬浮物脱稳,然后利用高分子药剂壳聚糖对pH变化的应激反应,通过改变pH引起高分子药剂絮凝分散作用的变化,强化了粗颗粒絮凝体与水的分离效果,絮凝效率高,沉降速度快,可以较好地解决选矿废水的净化问题,实现废水的达标排放,选矿废水的净化效果见表1、表2。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明,但不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
向白钨矿选矿废水(成分如表1所示)中加入质量浓度为10%的石灰乳,将选矿废水pH调整到10,搅拌3min后静置10min进行脱稳;向脱稳废水中添加100mg/L的壳聚糖(1wt%浓度)搅拌3min,稳定废水的pH在9.5并沉降30min;向沉降后的废水中加入盐酸将pH调整到3.5,继续沉降10min,得到的上清液取样测试结果如表1所示;
表1选矿废水及处理后废水检测结果
。
实施例2
向白钨矿选矿废水(成分如表2所示)中加入质量浓度为5%的石灰乳,将选矿废水pH调整到9,搅拌3min后静置10min进行脱稳;向脱稳废水中添加80mg/L的壳聚糖(1wt%浓度)搅拌3min,稳定废水的pH在9并沉降30min;向沉降后的废水中加入盐酸将pH调整到3.2,继续沉降15min,得到的上清液取样测试结果如表2所示。
表2选矿废水及处理后废水检测结果
。
Claims (3)
1.一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,其特征是:包括以下步骤:
(1)向选矿废水中加入脱稳剂,搅拌反应后,得到脱稳废水;
(2)将步骤(1)的脱稳废水pH调整到9-10,然后再加入絮凝剂进行沉降,得到上清液和絮凝体;所述的絮凝剂为壳聚糖,壳聚糖以1wt%浓度的溶液添加,加入量以絮凝剂在脱稳废水中浓度达到50-120mg/L为准,沉降时间为30-60min;
(3)降低步骤(2)得到的上清液和絮凝体的pH,继续沉降,得到各项指标达标的净化水;
步骤(3)中上清液和絮凝体的pH降低到3-4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,其特征是:步骤(1)中的脱稳剂为石灰,石灰需配置成5-10wt%的石灰乳后添加,加入量以选矿废水pH稳定在9-11为准。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法,其特征是:步骤(3)中继续沉降时间为10-30min。
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CN106517469B (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-11-08 | 西部矿业股份有限公司 | 一种强化白钨矿选矿废水絮凝沉降的方法 |
CN110577308A (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-12-17 | 湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司 | 一种消除选矿废水处理过程中废水变色的方法 |
CN113415923A (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-21 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | 一种去除白钨矿选矿废水中可溶性二氧化硅的方法 |
CN114308402A (zh) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-12 | 湖南新田岭钨业有限公司 | 一种浮选钨矿尾砂絮凝沉降工艺 |
CN115925164A (zh) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-04-07 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | 高滑石型钼矿选矿回水的处理方法 |
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CN102730885A (zh) * | 2012-07-23 | 2012-10-17 | 中南大学 | 一种多金属矿选矿废水高效絮凝沉淀净化方法 |
CN104774290A (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-15 | 南京师范大学 | 一种pH、温度双重敏感性壳聚糖絮凝剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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