CN105618958A - Solder used for vacuum active brazing process of W-Cu composite material and stainless steel and method - Google Patents
Solder used for vacuum active brazing process of W-Cu composite material and stainless steel and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105618958A CN105618958A CN201610137801.1A CN201610137801A CN105618958A CN 105618958 A CN105618958 A CN 105618958A CN 201610137801 A CN201610137801 A CN 201610137801A CN 105618958 A CN105618958 A CN 105618958A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
Abstract
The invention discloses solder used for the vacuum active brazing process of a W-Cu composite material and stainless steel and a preparation method. The selected solder comprises, by weight, 25%-33% of Cu, 1.0%-3.5% of Ti, 3.0%-5.0% of Ni, 1.0%-2.2% of Zr, 3.5%-7.0% of Mn and the balance Ag. The solder has good lubricity for the W-Cu composite material and the stainless steel, the melting temperature is low, and melting of the solder is uniform. The vacuum active brazing process by using the solder to connect the W-Cu composite material with the stainless steel is stable and reliable. Under the vacuum condition, a component is in a vacuum state in the heating process, and the whole component is free of deformation, microscopic cracks, pores, mixed impurities and other defects; by means of the high diffusibility and interface reaction ability of the active elements (the Ag, the Cu, the Ti, the Ni and the Zr), distribution of the active elements is uniform, crystal grains are fine, and residual stress is small; the overall strength of the connector is high, and the plastic deformation ability is high; operation is easy, convenient and efficient, and repeated representation can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solder for W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process and method, belong to soldering field.
Background technology
W-Cu matrix material has had many performances of W and Cu concurrently, and it has good electrical and thermal conductivity, high intensity and hardness, low thermal expansivity, the advantageous feature such as good resistance to arc erosion, high temperature oxidation resistance and resistance fusion welding. It is widely used in the fields such as the energy, national defense industry, aerospace and nuclear industry, relates generally to the parts such as big gun rail guided missile head, rocket nozzle larynx lining, nozzle and jet vane, be a kind of high temperature composite having development and advancing. Stainless steel has good corrosion-resistant, thermotolerance and good mechanical property, is suitable for that manufacture requirements is corrosion-resistant, anti-oxidant, high temperature resistant and the component of very low temperature and equipment, and Application Areas is very extensive, and its weldability has singularity. In actual use, W-Cu matrix material often there will be the problems such as high-temperature oxidation resistance difference, low-temperature flexibility is not enough, cannot meet the lasting use in high temperature and corrosive environment, seriously affect work-ing life and the normal operation of structural part. In order to play the high-performance of W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel further, make up its weak tendency defect; W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel connect into composite members, both can give full play to the excellent characteristic of W-Cu matrix material, can represent again the excellent properties of stainless steel, it is to increase the overall performance of transom, have great practical value.
When W-Cu matrix material is connected with stainless steel, its physical and chemical performance differs greatly, and seriously affects both performances. And W-Cu matrix material is relatively big to gaseous impurities susceptibility, and brittle thing phase and micropore easily occur, seriously affect resistance to air loss and the supporting capacity of joint. W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel welded time, W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel double component are produced detrimentally affect by cycling hot load, easily occur that seam district crystal grain is thick, tissue embrittlement, unrelieved stress, gaseous impurities pollute and the phenomenon such as stress is concentrated, joint breaking tendency increases, and weld metal mechanical property reduces. And changes in microstructure and stress such as concentrate to be W-Cu matrix material and the stainless steel welded major issue faced at the problem. Therefore, compel as pressing as a fire singeing one's eyebrows in the way of the interconnection technique of W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel prepares composite members.
For the connection of W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel, particularly vacuum active soldering tech suitability is better in soldering. Adopting a kind of excellent property and the high packing material of cost performance, formulating rational weldprocedure is realize the key that W-Cu matrix material is connected with stainless steel dissimilar material simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of solder for W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process and method, W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel are had good oilness by solder, and temperature of fusion is lower, and brazing filler metal melts is even.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention's is a kind of for the solder of W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process, selected solder elemental composition by weight percentage comprises: Cu25%��33%, Ti1.0%��3.5%, Ni3.0%��5.0%, Zr1.0%��2.2%, Mn3.5%��7.0%, surplus is Ag.
As preferably, described soldering materials are made up of the component of following weight percent: Cu27%��33%, Ti1.0%��3.0%, Ni3.5%��4.5%, Zr1.2%��1.8%, Mn4.0%��6.0%, surplus is Ag.
As preferably, described solder each constituent mass degree is as follows: Cu30%, Ti2.0%, Ni4.0%, Zr1.5%, Mn5.0%, surplus is Ag.
As preferably, described solder is foil shape, thickness is 100��150 ��m.
A vacuum active method for welding for W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparatory stage: W-Cu matrix material to be brazed and stainless steel specimen cross section are cleared up, remove surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide film, W28��W3.5 abrasive paper for metallograph is utilized to carry out grinding smooth and have certain roughness, W-Cu matrix material, stainless steel and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 10��15min, and it is stand-by to carry out drying and processing;
(2) assembling stage: the solder paillon foil after cleaning, drying is placed between stainless steel and W-Cu matrix material welding surface, and be close to and be assemblied in special soldering fixture, guarantee the precision connected, fixture is placed the pressure head of nominal-mass, produces the constant vertical pressure of 0.02��0.04MPa;
(3) the brazing stage: the fixture entirety assembled is placed in the soldering equipment that vacuum tightness is not less than 1.5 �� 10-3Pa, first with ramp to 300��350 DEG C of 15��20 DEG C/min, insulation 10��15min, again with ramp to 600��650 DEG C of 8��12 DEG C/min, soaking time 15��20min, continue with the speed of 4��6 DEG C/min again to be warming up to brazing temperature 810��860 DEG C, soaking time 15��45min, it is cooled to 600��650 DEG C again with the speed of 4��6 DEG C/min, leading to and be quickly cooled to room temperature into argon gas, welded web member is taken out in blow-on.
The brazing filler metal melts temperature of solder of the present invention is lower, and brazing filler metal melts is even; Utilizing diffusibility and surface reaction ability that active element (Ag, Cu, Ti, Ni, Zr) is stronger, active element is evenly distributed, and joint crystal grain is fine and closely woven and unrelieved stress is little, the bulk strength height of joint, and plastic deformation ability is strong; Improve solder and the solid solution metallurgical reaction of W-Cu matrix material stainless steel; Adopting the vacuum active brazing process of the present invention, by the diffusion of vacuum active brazing and active element, weldment is in vacuum state in heat-processed, and weldment, without the phenomenon of distortion and grain coarsening, there will not be the problems such as oxidation, pollution; Utilize vacuum active brazing process reliable and stable; fast simple, convenient; can repetition; vacuum active brazing process need not add brazing flux and sfgd.; being convenient to propagation and employment, joint wetting and spreading is better, and brazed seam fully filled by solder; improve the over-all properties of joint, the brazed joint of availability excellence.
A kind of for the active solder of W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel, add the temperature of fusion reducing solder that a certain amount of Mn element is suitable, facilitate the binding ability at brazed joint solid solution reaction and interface, be conducive to increasing intensity and the toughness in welding street corner, then it is advisable with 4.0%��6.0% adding of Mn, content is too low, and to fall molten effect not obvious, too high, molten solder wettability is reduced, is unfavorable for flowing and the extravagance of solder; Add appropriate Zr element and facilitate the metallurgical reaction with W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel, be conducive to crystal grain thinning and improve the high-temperature behavior of solder; The interpolation of Ni facilitates wettability and the strength of joint of solder, improves oxidation-resistance and solidity to corrosion simultaneously; Appropriate Ti is conducive to crystal grain thinning and solution strengthening, reduces the Young's modulus of joint, alleviates the unrelieved stress of joint, it is to increase the intensity of solder alloy; A large amount of Ag, Cu promotes diffusion and the reaction of solder alloy element, is conducive to the solid solution metallurgical reaction promoted with W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel interface, it is to increase the plasticity of joint and intensity; Active element (Ag, Cu, Ti, Ni, Zr) is utilized as filling solder and to adopt vacuum active brazing process to improve the over-all properties and integrally-built use properties connecting joint.
Useful effect: W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel are had good oilness by the solder of the present invention, and temperature of fusion is lower, and brazing filler metal melts is even; Adopt the vacuum active brazing process of solder of the present invention connection W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel reliable and stable; Under vacuum condition, component is in vacuum state in heat-processed, whole component is without distortion, without micro-crack, pore with the defect such as be mingled with, utilizing active element (Ag, Cu, Ti, Ni, Zr) to have stronger diffusibility and surface reaction ability, active element is evenly distributed, and crystal grain is fine and closely woven and unrelieved stress is little, the bulk strength height of joint, plastic deformation ability is strong; Fast simple, convenient, can repetition, vacuum active brazing process need not add brazing flux and sfgd., is convenient to propagation and employment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vacuum active brazing process curve of embodiment 1��3;
Fig. 2 is the concrete stereoscan photograph implementing the brazed joint that 2 obtain;
Fig. 3 is the concrete bending fracture micro-appearance photo implementing the brazed joint that 2 obtain;
Fig. 4 is the bending fracture micro-appearance photo of the concrete different amplification implementing the brazed joint that 2 obtain.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
W-Cu matrix material (W55Cu45, wt%) and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel opposite joint vacuum active soldering: W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel specimen size are 20mm �� 20mm �� 5mm, and to be brazed is 20mm �� 5mm cross section.
Composition and the mass percent proportioning of solder be: Cu33%, Ti1.0%, Ni5%, Zr1.0%, Mn7.0%, surplus is Ag, and solder foil thickness is 150 ��m.
As shown in Figure 1, concrete steps are soldering processes:
(1) preparatory stage: W-Cu matrix material to be brazed and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel specimen cross section are cleared up, remove surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide film, W28��W3.5 abrasive paper for metallograph is utilized to carry out grinding smooth and have certain roughness, W-Cu matrix material, stainless steel and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 10min, and it is stand-by to carry out drying and processing;
(2) assembling stage: the solder paillon foil after cleaning, drying is placed between stainless steel and W-Cu matrix material welding surface, and be close to and be assemblied in special soldering fixture, guarantee the precision connected, fixture is placed the pressure head of nominal-mass, produce the constant vertical pressure of 0.04MPa;
(3) the brazing stage: the fixture entirety assembled is placed in the soldering equipment that vacuum tightness is not less than 1.5 �� 10-3Pa, first with the ramp to 300 DEG C of 20 DEG C/min, insulation 10min, again with the ramp to 650 DEG C of 12 DEG C/min, soaking time 15min, then continue with the speed of 6 DEG C/min to be warming up to brazing temperature 810 DEG C, soaking time 45min, being cooled to 650 DEG C with the speed of 4 DEG C/min again, lead to and be quickly cooled to room temperature into argon gas, welded web member is taken out in blow-on.
Result: the W-Cu matrix material that soldering obtains and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless joint are formed well, metallographicobservation finds that brazing area forms fine and close interface cohesion, flawless, pore and the defect such as be mingled with and generate, alloying constituent is evenly distributed, room temperature four-point bending intensity is 584MPa, and fracture apperance is ductile fracture feature.
Embodiment 2:
W-Cu matrix material (W55Cu45, wt%) and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel opposite joint vacuum active soldering: W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel specimen size are 20mm �� 20mm �� 5mm, and to be brazed is 20mm �� 5mm cross section.
Composition and the mass percent proportioning of solder be: composition and the mass percent proportioning of solder be: Cu30%, Ti2.0%, Ni4.0%, Zr1.5%, Mn5.0, surplus is Ag, and solder foil thickness is 120 ��m.
Soldering process step is:
(1) preparatory stage: W-Cu matrix material to be brazed and stainless steel specimen cross section are cleared up, remove surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide film, W28��W3.5 abrasive paper for metallograph is utilized to carry out grinding smooth and have certain roughness, W-Cu matrix material, stainless steel and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 15min, and it is stand-by to carry out drying and processing;
(2) assembling stage: the solder paillon foil after cleaning, drying is placed between stainless steel and W-Cu matrix material welding surface, and be close to and be assemblied in special soldering fixture, guarantee the precision connected, fixture is placed the pressure head of nominal-mass, produce the constant vertical pressure of 0.03MPa;
(3) the brazing stage: the fixture entirety assembled is placed in the soldering equipment that vacuum tightness is not less than 1.5 �� 10-3Pa, first with the ramp to 350 DEG C of 18 DEG C/min, insulation 15min, again with the ramp to 600 DEG C of 10 DEG C/min, soaking time 20min, then continue with the speed of 5 DEG C/min to be warming up to brazing temperature 840 DEG C, soaking time 30min, being cooled to 600 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min again, lead to and be quickly cooled to room temperature into argon gas, welded web member is taken out in blow-on.
Result: the W-Cu matrix material that soldering obtains and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless joint are formed well, metallographicobservation finds that brazing area forms fine and close interface cohesion, flawless, pore and the defect such as be mingled with and generate, alloying constituent is evenly distributed, room temperature four-point bending intensity is 615MPa, fracture apperance is ductile fracture feature, and as shown in Figure 2, the bending fracture micro-appearance photo of brazed joint is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 for the stereoscan photograph of brazed joint.
Embodiment 3:
W-Cu matrix material (W55Cu45, wt%) and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel opposite joint vacuum active soldering: W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel specimen size are 20mm �� 20mm �� 5mm, and to be brazed is 20mm �� 5mm cross section.
Composition and the mass percent proportioning of solder be: Cu27%, Ti3.0%, Ni3.5%, Zr1.8%, Mn4.0, surplus is Ag. Solder foil thickness is 100 ��m.
Soldering process step is:
(1) preparatory stage: W-Cu matrix material to be brazed and stainless steel specimen cross section are cleared up, remove surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide film, W28��W3.5 abrasive paper for metallograph is utilized to carry out grinding smooth and have certain roughness, W-Cu matrix material, stainless steel and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 10��15min, and it is stand-by to carry out drying and processing;
(2) assembling stage: the solder paillon foil after cleaning, drying is placed between stainless steel and W-Cu matrix material welding surface, and be close to and be assemblied in special soldering fixture, guarantee the precision connected, fixture is placed the pressure head of nominal-mass, produce the constant vertical pressure of 0.02MPa;
(3) the brazing stage: the fixture entirety assembled is placed in the soldering equipment that vacuum tightness is not less than 1.5 �� 10-3Pa, first with the ramp to 350 DEG C of 15 DEG C/min, insulation 10min, again with the ramp to 600 DEG C of 12 DEG C/min, soaking time 20min, then continue with the speed of 4 DEG C/min to be warming up to brazing temperature 860 DEG C, soaking time 15min, being cooled to 600 DEG C with the speed of 6 DEG C/min again, lead to and be quickly cooled to room temperature into argon gas, welded web member is taken out in blow-on.
Result: the W-Cu matrix material that soldering obtains and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless joint are formed well, metallographicobservation finds that brazing area forms fine and close interface cohesion, flawless, pore and the defect such as be mingled with and generate, alloying constituent is evenly distributed, room temperature four-point bending intensity is 598MPa, and fracture apperance is ductile fracture feature.
Embodiment 4:
W-Cu matrix material (W55Cu45, wt%) and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel opposite joint vacuum active soldering: W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel specimen size are 20mm �� 20mm �� 5mm, and to be brazed is 20mm �� 5mm cross section.
Composition and the mass percent proportioning of solder be: Cu25%, Ti3.5%, Ni3%, Zr2.2%, Mn3.5, surplus is Ag, and solder foil thickness is 100 ��m.
Soldering process step is:
(1) preparatory stage: W-Cu matrix material to be brazed and stainless steel specimen cross section are cleared up, remove surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide film, W28��W3.5 abrasive paper for metallograph is utilized to carry out grinding smooth and have certain roughness, W-Cu matrix material, stainless steel and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 10��15min, and it is stand-by to carry out drying and processing;
(2) assembling stage: the solder paillon foil after cleaning, drying is placed between stainless steel and W-Cu matrix material welding surface, and be close to and be assemblied in special soldering fixture, guarantee the precision connected, fixture is placed the pressure head of nominal-mass, produce the constant vertical pressure of 0.02MPa;
(3) the brazing stage: the fixture entirety assembled is placed in the soldering equipment that vacuum tightness is not less than 1.5 �� 10-3Pa, first with the ramp to 350 DEG C of 15 DEG C/min, insulation 10min, again with the ramp to 600 DEG C of 12 DEG C/min, soaking time 20min, then continue with the speed of 4 DEG C/min to be warming up to brazing temperature 860 DEG C, soaking time 15min, being cooled to 600 DEG C with the speed of 6 DEG C/min again, lead to and be quickly cooled to room temperature into argon gas, welded web member is taken out in blow-on.
Result: the W-Cu matrix material that soldering obtains and 1Cr18Ni9 stainless joint are formed well, metallographicobservation finds that brazing area forms fine and close interface cohesion, flawless, pore and the defect such as be mingled with and generate, alloying constituent is evenly distributed, room temperature four-point bending intensity is 591MPa, and fracture apperance is ductile fracture feature.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it is noted that, for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind for the solder of W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process, it is characterized in that: selected solder elemental composition by weight percentage comprises: Cu25%��33%, Ti1.0%��3.5%, Ni3.0%��5.0%, Zr1.0%��2.2%, Mn3.5%��7.0%, surplus is Ag.
2. according to claim 1 for the solder of W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process, it is characterized in that: described soldering materials are made up of the component of following weight percent: Cu27%��33%, Ti1.0%��3.0%, Ni3.5%��4.5%, Zr1.2%��1.8%, Mn4.0%��6.0%, surplus is Ag.
3. according to claim 2 for the solder of W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process, it is characterised in that: described solder each constituent mass degree is as follows: Cu30%, Ti2.0%, Ni4.0%, Zr1.5%, Mn5.0%, surplus is Ag.
4. according to claim 1 for the solder of W-Cu matrix material and stainless-steel vacuum active brazing process, it is characterised in that: described solder is foil shape, and thickness is 100��150 ��m.
5. the vacuum active method for welding of a W-Cu matrix material and stainless steel, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparatory stage: W-Cu matrix material to be brazed and stainless steel specimen cross section are cleared up, remove surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide film, W28��W3.5 abrasive paper for metallograph is utilized to carry out grinding smooth and have certain roughness, W-Cu matrix material, stainless steel and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 10��15min, and it is stand-by to carry out drying and processing;
(2) assembling stage: the solder paillon foil after cleaning, drying is placed between stainless steel and W-Cu matrix material welding surface, and be close to and be assemblied in special soldering fixture, fixture is placed the pressure head of nominal-mass, produces the constant vertical pressure of 0.02��0.04MPa;
(3) the brazing stage: the fixture entirety assembled is placed in vacuum tightness and is not less than 1.5 �� 10-3In the soldering equipment of Pa, first with ramp to 300��350 DEG C of 15��20 DEG C/min, insulation 10��15min, again with ramp to 600��650 DEG C of 8��12 DEG C/min, soaking time 15��20min, then continue with the speed of 4��6 DEG C/min to be warming up to brazing temperature 810��860 DEG C, soaking time 15��45min, being cooled to 600��650 DEG C with the speed of 4��6 DEG C/min again, lead to and be quickly cooled to room temperature into argon gas, welded web member is taken out in blow-on.
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| CN106736035A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏科技大学 | The solder and method for welding of soldering 3D printing stainless steel and silicon nitride ceramics |
| CN107214437A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-09-29 | 安徽华众焊业有限公司 | It is a kind of without silver-base solder of the indium without cadmium |
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