CN105612817A - 电路板组件 - Google Patents

电路板组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105612817A
CN105612817A CN201480051555.7A CN201480051555A CN105612817A CN 105612817 A CN105612817 A CN 105612817A CN 201480051555 A CN201480051555 A CN 201480051555A CN 105612817 A CN105612817 A CN 105612817A
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circuit board
board assemblies
contact pad
aforementioned
interconnection layer
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凯特·斯通
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Novalia Ltd
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Novalia Ltd
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    • H01L23/48Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
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    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/11Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
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    • H01L24/26Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/28Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
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Abstract

描述了一种电路板组件。电路板组件包括电路板(2)和器件(3),该电路板包括支撑多个接触焊盘(9;图2)的基板,该器件(比如裸芯片或印刷电路板)包括多个接触垫(12;图3),接触垫被安装在电路板上以使接触垫与接触焊盘对准。电路板组件包括具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS的互连层(15),该互连层布置在器件和电路板之间并被设置成在接触焊盘和相应的接触垫之间提供电连接。

Description

电路板组件
技术领域
本发明涉及电路板组件。
背景技术
电子元件越来越多地被并入到印刷物品中,比如书籍、海报和贺卡,以允许印刷物品变的更加互动。互动印刷物品的实例在GB2464537A、WO2004077286A、WO2007035115A和DE19934312672A中均有描述。
常规电路板、分立器件和/或封装器件之间的互连可以使用回流焊膏结合阻焊剂层制成。这种布置的实例在US2005/0046023A1中有描述。然而,焊接回流处理不适于将电子元件集成到印刷物品中。
互连常规电路板、分立器件和/或封装器件的另一方法是使用包括嵌入在非导电介质中的导电粒子的各向异性导电膜/层。这种布置的实例在US5629838A、WO2008/065997A1、EP1702968A1和EP0260141A2中有描述。
已经描述了互连常规电路板、分立器件和/或封装器件的其他方法。例如,在DE2902002A1中描述了使用导电胶层单片集成硅晶片堆叠。在WO99/41784A1中描述了使用半导电材料层互连常规电路板、分立器件和/或封装器件。描述了半导电的液体/糊状物/金属箔层,其包括嵌入在高电阻基材中导电填料颗粒的混合物。
一般,分立器件(比如电容)和封装器件(比如微控制器)被安装到印刷布线板并且印刷布线板被安装到或插入到印刷物品中,比如海报或贺卡。然而,器件可以使用导电胶或导电带直接连接到导电轨。这种布置的实例在GB2490384A和GB2494223A中有描述。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面提供一种电路板组件,该电路板组件包括电路板和器件,其中该电路板包括支撑多个接触焊盘的基板,并且该器件包括多个接触垫并被安装在电路板上以使接触垫与接触焊盘对准。电路板组件包括互连层,该互连层具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS并且被布置在器件和电路板之间,且被设置成在接触焊盘和对应的接触垫之间提供电连接。
因此,单个互连层可以被用来并行连接成对的接触垫和接触焊盘,由此使得该组件更易于制造。
互连层可以具有至少1MΩ/sq、至少2MΩ/sq或至少3MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS,互连层可以具有不超过1GΩ/sq、不超过100MΩ/sq、不超过10MΩ/sq或不超过10MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS。相邻接触垫或接触焊盘之间的间隔可以大于或等于每个接触垫或接触焊盘的宽度。因此,相邻接触垫(或焊盘)之间的电阻等同于或大于薄层电阻Rs。
互连层可以包括均匀导电材料。这可以简化生产,因为在互连层的存储和/或应用期间,不需要控制在互连层材料/前体中的导电粒子的分布。
在接触垫和对应的接触焊盘之间的薄层电阻RS和接触电阻RC的比率可以是至少2500:1、至少10000:1或至少30000:1。高电阻率针对在相邻对的接触垫和接触焊盘之间的信号串扰提供鲁棒性。因此,高电阻率使通过互连层连接灵敏的模拟元件成为可能。
互连层可以具有至少100nm、至少200nm或至少500nm的厚度t。互连层可以具有不超过100μm、不超过50μm或不超过20μm的厚度t。
互连层可以具有0.1tr和10tr之间的厚度t,其中:
tr=sqrt(RC.A/RS)
其中RC是接触电阻并且A是接触焊盘和/或接触垫的面积。
互连材料可以包括导电聚合物。
电路板组件包括多于一个的单独共面垫形式的互连层。
器件可以包括分立元件。器件可以包括半导体芯片(semiconductordie)。器件可以被封装,换句话说,器件可以是封装。器件可以包括扁平封装。器件可以包括扁平无引脚封装。器件可以是四面扁平封装。器件可以包括微控制器。器件可以包括印刷电路板。
器件可以是半导体芯片并且基板可以是用于半导体芯片的封装。
基板可以是柔性的,例如,能够被弯曲超过10°。基板可以包括纤维基材料层,比如纸、卡片或纸板。该层可以主要由纤维基材料构成。纤维基材料可以包括可回收材料。
基板可以包括塑料材料层。例如,基板可以包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)。
基板可以包括至少两层的层压体。例如,基板可以包括覆盖有塑料层或夹在两层塑料之间的纤维基材料层。
焊盘可以包括导电油墨,比如银或碳。焊盘可以包括金属箔。焊盘可以具有不超过1KΩ/sq、不超过100Ω/sq、不超过10Ω/sq或不超过1Ω/sq的薄层电阻。焊盘可以包括导电轨的端部。
基板可以支撑至少一个电容式触摸开关和/或触摸电极阵列。
电路板组件可以包括支撑印刷标志的印刷物品或印刷物品的一部分,印刷标志比如文本和/或图像。
电路板组件可以包括印刷物品或印刷物品的一部分(比如封面)。印刷物品可以是贺卡、海报、书、产品包装、销售点展示、地图或小册子。
根据本发明的第二方面提供一种制造电路板组件的方法。该方法包括将互连层应用到包括多个接触垫的器件和/或应用到包括支撑多个接触焊盘的基板的电路板,其中互连层具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS。该方法包括将器件安装到电路板上,以使接触垫与接触焊盘对准并且互连层在接触焊盘和对应的接触垫之间提供电连接。
应用互连层可以包括印刷互连材料。
根据本发明的第三方面提供了一种互连层的使用,该互连层具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS以在电路板上的接触焊盘与器件上的对应接触垫之间提供电连接。
根据本发明的第四方面提供一种组件,该组件包括支撑件和器件,该支撑件包括支撑多个接触焊盘的基板,并且该器件包括多个接触垫并被安装到支撑件上以使接触垫与接触焊盘对准。该组件包括互连层,该互连层具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS,并被布置在器件和支撑件之间,并且被设置成在接触焊盘和对应的接触垫之间提供电连接。
支撑件可以是电路板。
附图说明
现在将通过实例、参考附图对本发明的某些实施例进行描述,其中:
图1是包括基板的物品、使用互连层安装在电路板上的器件的立体视图;
图2是电路板的平面图;
图3a是器件的仰视图;
图3b是器件的侧视图;
图4a、图4b和图4c显示互连层的第一、第二和第三图案;以及
图5示意性地显示相邻接触焊盘和接触垫的布置。
具体实施方式
参考图1,显示了印刷物品1,该印刷物品1包含电路板2和安装在电路板2上的器件3。
图1中,为了清楚起见只显示了器件3。然而,典型地若干器件被安装到电路板2以提供电子系统,该电子系统可例如通过一个或多个电容式触摸开关和/或通过无线网络接口接收用户输入,并且例如以光和/或声音信号形式和/或通过使用无线网络接口的用户设备(比如智能手机)提供输出。
电路板2包括基板4,例如,该基板4由纸板形成并且具有第一面5和第二面6。基板4的第一面5支撑印刷标志7。基板4的第二面6支撑导电轨8。
该轨8包括导电银墨并且使用印刷工艺通过印刷形成,印刷工艺比如平版印刷。然而,该轨8可以包括通过印刷形成的导电碳墨,或者包括可以通过印花或图案化以及蚀刻金属箔膜形成的金属箔。
同时参考图2、图3a和图3b,每一个轨8包含第一面9和第二面10。该轨8的第一端部9的至少一些提供(或设有)接触焊盘11(图2中以阴影示出),用于连接到在器件3的下侧表面13上的对应接触垫12。该轨8的第二端部10的至少一个具有放大区域14(例如具有1cm2至100cm2的面积),该放大区域14提供电容式触摸开关。
电路板2不必是传统的印刷电路板(PCB)。电路板2可以具有(并且通常具有)传统印刷物品的外观,比如海报、地图、销售点展示、书或杂志。
同时参考图3,器件3是扁平无引脚封装形式的微控制器。然而,器件3可以是未封装的器件,例如,裸芯片(比如LED)、分立元件(比如电阻器)或支持一个或多个器件的PCB。器件可以包括传感器(比如麦克风)、执行器(比如压电型扬声器)、纽扣电池架或无线网络接口模块(比如蓝牙(RTM))。
仍然参考图1,器件3使用薄的互连层15(也可以被称为“垫”或“条”)被安装到电路板2,该互连层15包括导电但导电性能不高的材料,比如轻掺杂导电聚合物,具有大约3MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS。互连层15与电路板焊盘9和器件垫12直接接触。互连层15优先用作粘合剂。
正如随后被解释的那样,选择互连层15的厚度以充分地最小化相邻垫12之间的漏电,但是在焊盘11和对应垫12之间提供足够的电流。
参考图4a、图4b和图4c,显示了不同的互连层图案。图4a、图4b和图4c显示了器件3和一连串的垫12的轮廓,以便说明互连层15相对于器件3的位置。
如图4a中所示,互连层15可采取实心块材料的形式,并与器件3近似共同延伸。如图4b中所示,互连层15可采取环的形式。如图4b中所示,例如,可使用多于一个的互连层15以隔离保持在高电压下的垫12。
参考图5和图6,现在将给出操作的基本原理的非限制性说明。
互连层15包括一种导电材料,但该材料与大多数金属相比通常导电性差,大多数金属倾向于具有大约10-8Ωm体积电阻率ρ。例如,互连层15可以包括具有体积电阻率ρ的材料,该体积电阻率ρ具有在0.01Ωm至100Ωm范围内的数量级。
互连层材料优选地均匀导电,即优选地不包括嵌入在相对低电导率基体中的相对高电导率的颗粒。
选择互连层15的厚度t以使其具有小的薄层电阻。例如,互连层15可以具有薄层电阻RS,该薄层电阻RS具有0.1MΩ/sq、1MΩ/sq或10MΩ/sq的数量级。
本发明是基于这样的认识:在导电膜两点之间的电阻R与薄层电阻RS大致相同,倘若这些点不太靠近边缘,或这些点在材料中有效地绘制出方形,即在宽度与长度相等的材料块或条带的拐角找到这些点。
因此,通过使互连层15厚度t足够小,以便使待被连接的端子之间的材料块的纵横比小,电阻(此处被称为“切通电阻”RT)相对小,即低于薄层电阻RS若干数量级。然而,对于不打算连接的相邻端子而言,电阻相对大,即约等于薄层电阻RS
相邻垫9(或焊盘12)之间的距离可以等于或大于每个垫9(或焊盘12)的宽度。因此,相邻垫9(或焊盘12)之间的电阻等于或大于薄层电阻RS
可按照以下方法选择材料和厚度:
首先,选择薄层电阻RS
通过考虑两个端子之间所需的最小电阻选择薄层电阻RS。例如,可以使用维持电流,其介于大约1μA和大约10μA之间的范围内。如果这些电流由大约3V的电压驱动,那么电源引脚之间的电阻应为3MΩ或更小。因此,选择3MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS
其次,选择切通电阻RT
例如,微控制器通常可以提供约25mA至30mA的电流。针对3V操作,这给出了100Ω的切通电阻RT
在这个实例中,薄层电阻RS与切通电阻RT的比率为30000:1。对于使用在1μA到10μA范围内的维持电流以及在25mA到30mA范围内的供应电流的控制器的3V操作,薄层电阻RS与切通电阻RT的最小比率为2500:1。可使用大于30000:1的比率,倘若切通电阻RT数值可保持在期望范围内。
对作为切通电阻RT函数的互连层15厚度t的估算可使用下面的方程式1,即:
t=sqrt(RT.A/RS)(1)
其中A是垫12的面积。
因此,厚度t取决于垫12的面积。特别地,如果垫12比较小,那么互连层15应该更薄。
例如,如果裸芯片具有100μm的垫长l和垫宽w,那么垫的面积A为0.01mm2。如果薄层电阻RS=3MΩ/sq且切通电阻RT=100Ω,那么互连层的厚度t应不超过0.58μm。
在另一个实例中,如果印刷电路板具有3mm的垫长度l和垫宽w,那么垫面积A是9mm2。如果薄层电阻RS=3MΩ/sq且切通电阻RT=100Ω,那么互连层的厚度t应不超过17μm。
已经找到互连层15的厚度t,然后使用下面的方程式2可以找到材料的电阻率ρ,即:
ρ=RS.t(1)
其中RS是互连层15的薄层电阻并且t是互连层的厚度。
然后,可找到具有期望电阻率的合适材料。例如,可找到具有近似期望电阻率的导电聚合物,并且该导电聚合物可被掺杂以获得更精确的电阻率值。
例如,在裸芯片的情况中,所期望的电阻率ρ为1.7Ωm,并且在PCB的情况中,所期望的电阻率ρ为51Ωm。例如,掺杂有DMSO和异丙醇的PEDOT:PSS具有所期望的电阻率。
互连层15可使用印刷工艺被印刷,比如喷墨印刷或平版印刷。
可使用两个或四个探针电阻测量来制造和测量测试样本从而找到用于互连层15的合适厚度和材料。
当灵敏的模拟器件(比如电阻式或电容式触摸开关)经由互连层15连接时,薄层电阻RS与切通电阻RT的比率可以至少为2500:1,且优选是尽可能大。数字电子元件可承受较低的电阻比率,因为数字电子元件识别在一定电压范围内的高/低输入。相比之下,绝对电压值被用于模拟元件。例如,在若干电阻式或电容式触摸开关经由互连层15连接的情况中,电阻比率应优选制造成尽可能大。当电阻比率足够大时,减少了由相邻的接触焊盘或接触垫之间的信号串扰而引起的不正确的触摸开关致动的可能性。使用高电阻比率也可允许用于用户输入触摸开关致动的触发阈值被保持在较低水平,使得用户可以容易地致动触摸开关。
应该理解可以对上文中描述的实施例进行多种修改。
可选择润湿垫和/或焊盘但是不润湿基板或器件的其余部分的互连层材料。
该器件可用于封装部件,例如在封装中的半导体芯片。

Claims (27)

1.一种电路板组件,包括:
包括支撑多个接触焊盘的基板的电路板;
包括多个接触垫的器件,所述器件被安装在所述电路板上以使接触垫与接触焊盘对准;以及
互连层,具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS并被布置在所述器件和所述电路板之间且被设置成在接触焊盘和对应的接触垫之间提供电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路板组件,其中相邻接触垫或接触焊盘之间的间隔大于等于每个接触垫或接触焊盘的宽度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连层包括均匀导电材料。
4.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中接触垫和对应的接触焊盘之间的薄层电阻RS与接触电阻RC的比率至少为2500:1、至少为10000:1或至少为30000:1。
5.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连层具有至少1MΩ/sq、至少2MΩ/sq或至少3MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS
5.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连层具有不超过1GΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS
6.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连层具有至少为100nm的厚度t。
7.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连层具有不超过100μm的厚度t。
8.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中厚度t介于0.1tr与10tr之间,其中:
tr=sqrt(RC.A/RS),
其中RC是接触电阻并且A是接触焊盘和/或接触垫的面积。
9.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连材料包括导电聚合物。
10.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述互连层被图案化成至少两个单独的共面垫。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电路板组件,其中所述器件包括扁平封装,例如扁平无引脚封装。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电路板组件,其中所述器件包括微控制器。
13.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电路板组件,其中所述器件包括印刷电路板。
14.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电路板组件,其中所述电路板是用于半导体芯片的封装。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电路板组件,其中所述器件是半导体芯片。
16.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述基板是柔性的。
17.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述基板包括纤维基材料的层。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电路板组件,其中所述纤维基材料是纸、卡片或纸板。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的电路板组件,其中所述层主要由所述纤维基材料构成。
20.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述基板包括塑料材料的层。
21.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述基板包括至少两个层的层压体。
22.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述基板支撑至少一个电容式触摸开关和/或触摸电极阵列。
23.根据任何前述权利要求所述的电路板组件,其中所述电路板组件包括支撑印刷标志的印刷物品或印刷物品的一部分。
24.一种制造电路板组件的方法,所述方法包括:
将互连层应用到包括多个接触垫的器件和/或应用到包括支撑多个接触焊盘的基板的电路板;以及
将所述器件安装到电路板上,以使接触垫与接触焊盘对准并且所述互连层在接触焊盘和对应的接触垫之间提供电连接。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中应用所述互连层包括印刷材料。
26.一种互连层的使用,所述互连层具有至少0.5MΩ/sq的薄层电阻RS以在电路板上的接触焊盘与在器件上的对应接触垫之间提供电连接。
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