CN105602057A - 由工程回收橡胶粉末制备的热固性组合物 - Google Patents
由工程回收橡胶粉末制备的热固性组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105602057A CN105602057A CN201610014812.0A CN201610014812A CN105602057A CN 105602057 A CN105602057 A CN 105602057A CN 201610014812 A CN201610014812 A CN 201610014812A CN 105602057 A CN105602057 A CN 105602057A
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Abstract
由工程回收橡胶粉末制备的热固性组合物。一种热固性组合物材料,用于制造包括铁路枕轨的结构组分,包括一定量硫化橡胶颗粒的、基本上均匀的混合物,所述橡胶颗粒包括预定比例的不同颗粒尺寸;以及一种热固性弹性粘结剂,加入到硫化橡胶颗粒中。所述混合物可以包括大约30%至大约90%重量百分比的硫化橡胶颗粒,所述混合物在预定温度和压力下模压一段停留时间,形成所述组合物材料。选择不同颗粒尺寸的橡胶颗粒的比例,以使所述组合物材料具有希望的密度或者在希望的密度范围内。
Description
交叉引用相关申请
本申请要求2010年6月4日申请的临时申请61/351,369的权利,并且在此将其整体引用组合。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备结构组分的组合物材料,以及制备所述组合物材料的方法。尤其是,本发明实施例涉及利用工程回收橡胶粉末制备的热固性组合物材料。
背景技术
已经出现了多种用于粉碎废弃橡胶制品,例如轮胎,的工艺和方法,其中,废弃橡胶制品剪切至能够重新用于制备新橡胶制品的尺寸,这种颗粒形式的橡胶产品也被称为橡胶屑或橡胶粉末。橡胶粉碎工艺和设备必须克服橡胶的高弹性,实际上,橡胶产品在环境温度下磨碎或切碎产生足够的热,所得橡胶颗粒相对是非反应形的,另外,这种工艺生产的橡胶屑包括更大的和不均匀的颗粒尺寸。然而这种工艺制备的橡胶屑,用来制造新的橡胶制品是便宜和经济的,但这种橡胶屑不能用来制成“橡胶基”产品,即,橡胶屑本质上被用作填充材料,因为橡胶聚合物不能与其它聚合物交联。
实际上,橡胶屑在工业组合物和产品中,已被用作第二成分,并未被用作主要基础聚合物,根据其设计复合物,其它添加剂和组分也被添加。一般商业上工业材料中用量在1%~15%范围内。这种例子中,橡胶屑被用作基础聚合物的非技术填料,例如,加入更多橡胶屑将明显降低组合物材料的抗拉强度。
由于它不能够化学键合,一些现有技术组合物设计为引入塑料作为基础聚合物,并利用挤出模压技术以将橡胶屑封装,另外,过去使用的热塑性弹性体(TPE’s)具有差的耐化学和耐热性,以及低的热稳定性,这种TPE’s常常在高温下软化或熔融,聚合链降解。使得组合物材料不能使用。
已经出现了其它粉碎橡胶制品的工艺,据此,某些工艺的步骤被热力学控制。即,橡胶颗粒温度被控制或保持在足够低的温度,因此,橡胶在工艺过程中的温度不会升高至导致弹性性能被破坏的玻璃化转变温度之上。这种工艺能够生产具有较小的颗粒尺寸和更均一的颗粒尺寸分布的橡胶屑粉末。另外,橡胶屑颗粒更具潜在的于其它聚合物的反应性和交联键合能力。然而,目前的工艺、方法或设备还没有发展到利用这一技术来生产被模压或配置用做功能和结构组分的组合物材料。
提供一种组合物材料,其包括作为基础材料的工程回收橡胶颗粒用来制备结构组分如铁路枕轨,是尤其有利的,由于发展中国家在恶劣的气候(极热/冷、潮湿、UV/阳光、昆虫)下建造它们的交通基础设施,更持久技术材料需要被使用以在长时间中和前期融资成本,和降低维护成本,这种组合物材料的应用能够克服在远程位置维护轨道的困难和降低废物处理。
发明内容
本发明一种实施例包括一种热固性组合物材料,其组合了工程回收橡胶颗粒(ERRP)作为基础聚合物和主要组分,其中还加入了补充成分,以增强和改善希望的机械和物理性能。一般重量包括30%重量分数的ERRP,或更多,一般范围在60%~90%;混合有热固性弹性结合剂。这种混合物在预定压力和温度下,被施加模压压力,以形成热固性组合物材料,其可用于例如铁路枕轨的结构组分。
因为所述组合物材料引入ERRP作为技术基础聚合物,所述ERRP代表每磅最终组合物材料的最大花费,由于添加剂可以按照特定方式和预定时间被组合并复合进ERRP’s的工艺中,组合物的性能被增强。热固性组合物材料实施例并不仅仅允许铁路枕轨满足工业要求,也允许使用目前使用的相同设备和更快的装备的安装,以方便的铁路。所述热固性组合物材料被利用材料制备,并被制造以降低碳,相比于其它诸如木材、混凝土、塑料和其它组合物材料。
附图说明
图1为描述制备热固性组合物材料的工艺流程图;
图2为含有所述热固性组合物材料的铁路枕轨顶部视图;
图3为图2的铁路枕轨底部视图。
具体实施方式
本发明热固性组合物材料的一种实施例是利用回收的硫化橡胶屑粉末、优选为工程回收橡胶粉末(“ERRP”),以及热固弹性粘结剂制备的。所述混合物被混合形成各组分均一的混合物,然后在足够的热和压力下模压一定保留时间,形成组合物材料。在一个实施例中,所述热固弹性粘结剂是一种未硫化橡胶(优选地以颗粒形式提供),复合有一种“硫化包”,以利于在受热和压力作用时橡胶的交联。在另一个实施例中,所述混合物可以含有与聚氨酯或聚脲树脂复合的ERRP,在承受热和压力作用时也能够提供热固性组合物材料。在另一个实施例中,模压组合物材料具有作为诸如铁路枕轨的结构组分所希望的性能,如密度、抗拉强度、硬度和抗弯强度。
所述ERRP或硫化橡胶颗粒可以利用已知的工艺,如美国专利US5588600、7093781和7108207描述的粉碎颗粒橡胶的已知方法来生产,其通过引用被组合。这些方法包括在粉碎橡胶前,在低温下冷却或冷冻橡胶颗粒的步骤,这种橡胶屑粉末包括上述引用的ERRP,并可以被称为低温造粒橡胶粉末,这种橡胶屑粉末表现出一致的表面,适用于表面间的粘合和出色的机械性能,在制备组合物材料工艺中。实际上,橡胶粉末的应用能够降低昂贵改性剂的需要。
本发明还拟覆盖任意ERRP或硫化橡胶颗粒,其在热控制,如在粉碎工艺的磨碎步骤或其它步骤中控制温度条件下被制造,因此,术语“热控制造粒橡胶”在此被使用,意味着任意硫化橡胶屑或颗粒形态的橡胶产品,其在热控制、如橡胶温度保持低于对橡胶物理或机械性能有不利影响的预定温度条件下被制造。
所述未硫化橡胶组分可以是被设计用于生成橡胶产品、如轮胎的废橡胶,但是,所述橡胶被由于不能满足工业需要而被废弃。所述废橡胶通常也被称为“再生橡胶”,当使用再生橡胶或未交联橡胶时,硫化剂被加入以带来未硫化橡胶的硫化。因此,“硫化包”可以被加入的混合物中,其中,硫化包可以包括硫,组合有添加剂,如促进剂、活化剂如氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗降解剂和/或抗氧化剂。所述“硫化包”为未硫化橡胶(或者是天然橡胶或者是丁苯橡胶(SBR))提供交联,以稳定所述热固性组合物材料。
另外,一种解聚硫化橡胶,也被称为焦化黑,一般由废弃轮胎解聚制备,也可以被加入到混合物两种实施例的一种中,在可替代的实施例中,或者替代使用焦化黑,炭黑可以被使用,炭黑是一种无定形碳,具有高的表面积/体积比例。
本发明实施例在表I中阐述,但是本发明并不限制为这些实施例,并可以包括不同浓度或不同浓度范围的组合物或混合物的组分。
表I
lbs | %重量 | lbs | %重量 | lbs | %重量 | |
SBR基废弃再生橡胶 | 157.5 | 70% | 112.5 | 50% | 67.5 | 30% |
工程回收橡胶粉末 | 45 | 20% | 90 | 40% | 122.5 | 50% |
焦化黑 | 18 | 8% | 18 | 8% | 18 | 8% |
其它成分 | 4.5 | 2% | 4.5 | 2% | 27 | 12% |
225 | 100% | 225 | 100% | 225 | 100% |
如所显示的,混合物被设计含有大约30%至大约70%重量百分比的未硫化废弃橡胶,大约20%至大约50%重量百分比硫化的工程回收粉末,大约8%重量分数的焦化黑或炭黑,以及大约2%至大约12%重量百分比的其它成分。所述“其它成分”包括上述的“硫化包”,“硫化包”含有硫、促进剂、活化剂等,另外“其它成分”可以包括应用于制备组合物材料的回收橡胶中的已知的粘结剂和/或相容剂。“硫化包”大约占混合物1%至5%重量百分比,其可以含有硫和其它添加剂,依赖于所用再生橡胶与橡胶屑比例。
除了上述组分之外,可以混合物中加入发泡剂,以控制某些终端产品性能,如电性能、硬度、抗拉伸性能、抗压性能、重量等。与上述橡胶材料共同使用的已知的发泡剂可以选择已知的磺酰肼发泡剂的组,与其它发泡剂相比,其在相对更低的温度下分解,磺酰肼可以具有大约105℃或更高的分解温度,相比于分解温度范围为大约165℃至大约210℃的偶氮二甲酰胺。如更详细的描述,发泡剂可以在所述工艺或方法开始硫化/模压阶段前,引入到均匀的混合物中。
硫化橡胶粉末和未硫化橡胶的颗粒尺寸可以根据用所述化合物制备的组合物材料的所希望的机械或物理性能而改变,当提及颗粒尺寸时,术语“目”可以被使用,以表示橡胶颗粒样品一般所具有的单一尺寸或直径、或尺寸范围。例如,样品或一定量的橡胶颗粒,颗粒具有10目的尺寸,将意味着,对于所给样品,一定比例(一般为95%)的颗粒具有的直径为2mm或更低,或者95%的颗粒将能够通过10目筛。当提及样品、或给定量的橡胶颗粒时,具有一定范围的目尺寸,将意味着,对于样品,一定比例(一般为95%)的橡胶颗粒在这特定尺寸内;例如,含有橡胶颗粒在-40目至+60目范围内的样品被提及时,表示其颗粒尺寸中,95%的颗粒能够通过40目筛,而被60目筛保留。在这一例子中,所给样品的颗粒将具有直径为大约0.25mm(250μm)至大约0.4mm(400μm)。
所述热控制造粒硫化橡胶颗粒或ERRP,与其它橡胶屑制品相比,具有更多的化学活性点,使其根据反应性,因此,在橡胶颗粒和其它可能的聚合物之间提供一定水平的交联。基于此,ERRP样品中颗粒的尺寸以及颗粒尺寸的分布直接影响ERRP与其它聚合物、如上述的热固性弹性键合剂的交联能力。
可见:硫化橡胶颗粒尺寸以及颗粒尺寸分布直接影响混合物在所述化合物硫化之前的物理性能,这影响混合和/或交联工艺。例如,较小的颗粒尺寸和颗粒尺寸分布可能增加混合物的粘度,这能增加在混合以生成混匀物质的过程中的混合时间,另外,较大颗粒尺寸分布能够使得混合物——在挤出或模压成型过程中——比较小颗粒更好地收缩或膨胀,这直接影响用于根据特定尺寸和结构进行模压、以及形成结构组分的混合物的量。另外,颗粒尺寸和尺寸分布直接影响最终组合物材料的密度,这反过来影响热固性组合物材料的其它机械性能和物理性能,例如,组合物材料的拉伸强度随着较小颗粒数量的增加而增加,硬度的增加与较小的颗粒尺寸和分布相一致,或者断裂伸长率也会因较小颗粒尺寸而增加。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述的混合物硫化橡胶颗粒的颗粒尺寸可以是从大约10目至大约140目范围内的任意数值,选择量ERRP的所有硫化橡胶颗粒的颗粒尺寸可以单一尺寸,选自从10目(更大)至140目(更小)范围内。或者,选择量ERRP的所有硫化橡胶颗粒的颗粒尺寸可以是多种尺寸,因此,存在不大于10目和不小于140目的颗粒。优选地,颗粒尺寸在大约10目至大约60目之间,更优选为从大约20目至大约40目之间。
在一个实施例中,混合物中使用的选择量ERRP可以具有预定的不同尺寸硫化橡胶颗粒,不同颗粒尺寸的比例可根据热固性组合物材料的一种或多种期望的物理或机械性能进行选择,所述性能可以是依赖于由所述热固性组合物材料制备的结构组分的功能,举例说明,铁路枕轨需要高的刚性、以及好的拉伸性能,可以由所述ERRP以及热固性弹性混合试剂的混合物制备,并且具有密度范围为从45lb/ft3至大约80lb/ft3,优选为密度范围从60lb/ft3至
大约70lb/ft3。包括用于结构组分ERRP的混合物可以含有如下颗粒尺寸比例的ERRP:
大约25%的颗粒具有-20目的尺寸(25%颗粒具有平均直径为707微米或更小);
大约25%的颗粒具有-40目至+60目的尺寸(25%的颗粒具有250微米至400微米的直径);
以及
50%的颗粒具有-80目的尺寸(25%的颗粒具有平均直径为177微米或更小)。
ERRP的这种混合物以及混合试剂,可以生产密度为60lb/ft3的热固性组合物材料。
在另一实施例中,不同尺寸颗粒的比例可以包括更高含量是更大颗粒,以影响所述组合物材料的物理性质,例如,更大颗粒分布的增加将允许额外的震动阻尼,以及所述热固性组合物材料的密度为大约45-50lb/ft3。因此,所述混合物可以包括如下颗粒尺寸比例的ERRP:
大约33%的颗粒具有-20目的尺寸(33%颗粒平均直径为707微米或更小);
大约33%的颗粒具有-40目至+60目的尺寸(33%的颗粒具有250微米至400微米的直径);
以及
33%的颗粒具有-80目的尺寸(33%的颗粒平均直径为177微米或更小)。
在另一实施例中,对于竖直的结构组分、如水上桩,期望量的弹性体是需要的,其中,热固性组合物材料密度可以是40-50lb/ft3,这种混合物包括如下颗粒尺寸比例的ERRP:
大约40%的颗粒具有-20目的尺寸(40%颗粒平均直径为707微米或更小);
大约30%的颗粒具有-40目至+60目的尺寸(30%的颗粒具有250微米至400微米的直径);
以及
大约30%的颗粒具有-80目的尺寸(30%颗粒平均直径为177微米或更小)。
参照图1,显示了一种制备热固性组合物材料的简要流程图,或者,其可以限定为一种由热固性组合物材料制备结构组分的方法。在第一个步骤10中,每一种包括ERRP的组分以及混合物被引入到混合设备中(优选为高剪切混合设备),所述组分以及混合物可能含有与上述提到的“硫化包”复配的未硫化橡胶颗粒。或者,聚氨酯/聚脲混合试剂代替未硫化橡胶与硫化包,与ERRP混合。对于本领域技术人员来讲,已知的是:高剪切混合设备可以含有反向旋转转子,在混合过程中会产生可想到的热,因此,测试可以被实施以维持混合物、或者高速剪切混合物内部的温度低于硫化可能发生的温度,一般高剪切混合的温度可以控制在100°F至175°F。
在一个可供选择的步骤12中,添加剂,如解聚的硫化橡胶、填料、起泡剂、增溶剂等,可以在该步骤被引入。一些填料的例子可能包括回收纤维材料,如回收的电线或地毯、碳酸钙、monomix云母或气相云母、或颗粒状硅胶。应当理解的是,所述颗粒状硅胶至今未被用于橡胶制品。
再一次,参照步骤12中,起泡剂被引入到混合物中,起泡剂加入量,在加入时,可以是混合物/组合物材料的大约0.00%至0.5%,优选为0.025%至大约0.5%。起泡剂是一种已知的可以混合入包括橡胶在内的大量材料中的物质,经过控制降解,其在模压形成组合物基体多孔材料过程的温度和压力下产生惰性气体。在该步骤,根据所使用起泡剂的类型,起泡剂被引入到均匀混合物中;例如,在较低压下分解的起泡剂,如硫化肼,可以在注射到模压/硫化步骤之前被引入到均匀混合物中;较高温度下分解的起泡剂,如偶氮二甲酰胺,可以在更早引入到混合步骤的均匀混合物中;起泡剂引入到高速剪切混合物设备,也可以根据混合温度进行实施。足够量的起泡剂应当被引入,以实现最终产品所期望的物理性能。
在步骤14中,上述期望的混合物在高速剪切设备中被混合,以实现橡胶和混合组分基本上或大体上的均匀混合,在此使用的术语“均匀”一般指的是,所述混合物通过特定样品或多种不同比例的样品具有相同的性质,以得到一致的混合物。根据上述表I中列出的组合物或混合物、以及下面表II-XII中描述的组分的重量,混合步骤14可以进行5-10分钟,或可能更短或更长,依赖于混合物的体积或重量。在包括聚氨酯或聚脲的混合物的实施例中,相似的混合参数可以被使用。
参照步骤16,均匀混合物被引入到一个或多个模压设备的模具中,其中,混合物在预定温度、预定压力下进行模压一定的停留时间段。依赖于被制备的结构组分的类型,大量的模具可以被提供,模具被制成所需尺寸。以形成所期望的结构组分,例如,被制成所需尺寸以形成铁路枕轨的模具可以被提供,其中,铁路枕轨可以被制成7”x9”x102”(或108”)。这种情况下,均匀混合物可以实施从大约1000psi至4500psi的压力,停留时间为大约6分钟至大约10分钟,温度范围为从大约200°F至大约350°F。这些引用的参数作为举例被提供,本领域技术人员应当理解的是,这些参数可以根据结构组分的尺寸,根据其它物理性能如电性能、刚性、硬度、抗压强度等,和/或不同组分的浓度水平进行改变。
再参照图1中的额外的步骤18,其中,均匀混合物在将从高速剪切混合设备输送均匀混合物至模压过程中进行挤出,挤出机能够在一定压力和温度下输送混合物,以维持混合物输送至压膜工艺的所期望的粘度。另外,挤出还能维持混合物的均匀的特征,以及,挤出的量或数量必须考虑所要生产的结构组分的物理尺寸。挤出可以在大约325°F至大约400°F温度、以及从大约750psi至大约1500psi压力下实施。
在步骤20和22中,结构组分从上述方法中得到,混合物从模具中移除进行冷却,组分可以被冷却至环境室温。最后,步骤24中,确保质量的测试被实施于不止一个或多个样品结构组分,以确定组分是否满足一些预订标准、或为预定目的功能而配制的物理性能。
ERRP以及未硫化SBR样品测试
包括ERRP、未硫化橡胶和硫化包的热固组合物样品被施压和加热一定保留时间,然后进行测试,以确定各种机械和物理性能;一种空白样品被制备,其包下表II中所列的如下组分:
表II,空白样品
SBR 1805等外品 | 212.5phr1 |
氧化锌 | 5phr |
硬脂酸 | 1phr |
TMQ2 | 2phr |
IPPD3 | 2phr |
CBTS4 | 1.5phr |
RMS5 | 2phr |
TBBS6 | 1phr |
PEG73350 | 3phr |
1为每一百份橡胶中的份数
2为三甲基二氢喹啉(抗氧剂)
3为异丙基-苯基-苯二胺(抗氧剂)
4为环己基苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺(促进剂)
5为制造橡胶的硫(主要硫化剂)
6为叔丁基苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺(延迟促进剂)
SBR1805为苯乙烯-丁二烯未硫化橡胶,被用来替代再生橡胶或废橡胶,另外,SBR以1/4″x1/4″x4″条的形式被提供;但是SBR可以以颗粒或粉末的形式被加入,颗粒尺寸为大约30-80目。硫化包含有氧化锌、硬脂酸和上述列出的混合物,其一般为具有硫化功能的硫化包。为了进行评估,工程回收橡胶粉末在测试样品中的影响,空白样品中不含有任何ERRP。在对比中,测试样品含有不同浓度和颗粒尺寸的ERRP,ERRP由LibertyTireRecycling提供,其为一家总部位于宾夕法尼亚匹兹堡的公司,并且ERRP包括低温造粒橡胶粉末。
空白样品包括SBR和硫化包,在双辊开炼机中开炼7分钟,最大温度为大约150°F,形成“母料”进行测试,并用于制备含有ERRP的测试样品。空白样品母料置于模具中,在4500psi和350°F实施模压10分钟,空白样品被用于测试,以测试各种物料性能,包括应当(邵氏硬度A)、拉手强度和断裂伸长率以及不同拉伸水平下的拉手模量。空白样品测试结构在下表III中被提供:
表III,空白样品
邵氏硬度A | 65 |
拉伸强度PSI | 405.6 |
断裂伸长率%破裂 | 126.9 |
10%拉伸模量PSI | 74.3 |
25%拉伸模量PSI | 120.7 |
50%拉伸模量PSI | 184.4 |
100%拉伸模量PSI | 330.6 |
密度lbs/cu.ft | 71.9 |
如上所述,ERRP以不同浓度加入到母料部分,具有不同的颗粒或微粒尺寸,颗粒尺寸为10目至18目范围内(表IV)的ERRP,分别以20%重量百分比、40%重量百分比、和50%重量百分比的浓度加入到母料部分,颗粒尺寸为10目至30目范围内(表V)的ERRP,分别以20%重量百分比、40%重量百分比、和50%重量百分比的浓度加入到母料部分;另外,20目颗粒尺寸分布的ERRP(表VI),分别以20%重量百分比、40%重量百分比、和50%重量百分比的浓度加入到母料部分;30目颗粒尺寸分布的ERRP(表VII),分别以20%重量百分比、40%重量百分比、和50%重量百分比的浓度加入到母料部分。
在双辊开炼机的开炼过程中,ERRP被加入到空白样品母料中,所述开炼在150°F实施7分钟,然后测试样品被置于模具中,在4500psi压力和350°F温度下实施模压10分钟。测试样品的上述物理性能,这些测试结果在下面表IV-VII中给出:
表IV,10-18目ERRP
ERRP重量百分比,wt% | 20 | 40 | 50 |
邵氏硬度A | 69 | 75 | 79 |
拉伸强度,PSI | 488.3 | 472.5 | 432.4 |
断裂伸长率,%破裂 | 175.1 | 156.3 | 147.6 |
10%拉伸模量,PSI | 84.1 | 89 | 84.3 |
25%拉伸模量,PSI | 133.1 | 142.9 | 136.6 |
50%拉伸模量,PSI | 197.8 | 209.5 | 201.4 |
100%拉伸模量,PSI | 329.3 | 348 | 331.1 |
密度lbs/cu.ft. | 72.2 | 72.6 | 72.7 |
表V,10-30目ERRP
表VI,20目ERRP
ERRP重量百分比,wt% | 20 | 40 | 50 |
邵氏硬度A | 70 | 72 | 75 |
拉伸强度,PSI | 503.2 | 560.2 | 518.3 |
断裂伸长率,%破裂 | 162.7 | 167.6 | 155.3 |
10%拉伸模量,PSI | 84 | 92.9 | 91.4 |
25%拉伸模量,PSI | 137.8 | 150.3 | 148.7 |
50%拉伸模量,PSI | 205.1 | 223.3 | 220.9 |
100%拉伸模量,PSI | 351.3 | 382.2 | 372.1 |
密度lbs/cu.ft. | 72.2 | 72.6 | 72.9 |
表VII,30目ERRP
ERRP重量百分比,wt% | 20 | 40 | 50 |
邵氏硬度A | 71 | 73 | 74 |
拉伸强度,PSI | 538.2 | 557.7 | 625.3 |
断裂伸长率,%破裂 | 168.9 | 161.6 | 180.2 |
10%拉伸模量,PSI | 87.4 | 86.9 | 92.3 |
25%拉伸模量,PSI | 142.2 | 148.7 | 156.4 |
50%拉伸模量,PSI | 210.8 | 223.4 | 233.3 |
100%拉伸模量,PSI | 361.9 | 381.7 | 399.9 |
密度lbs/cu.ft. | 72.3 | 73 | 74 |
一般来讲,相比于空白样品,ERRP的加入增强了样品的物理性能,测试结构还显示出ERRP优化的浓度为大约40%至大约50%重量百分比。另外,较小的颗粒尺寸带来更好的整体性能,即,包括20目和30目颗粒尺寸分布的样品,对比于更大颗粒尺寸的样品或更大颗粒尺寸范围的样品,带来更好的整体性能。
空白样品母料(包括SBR和硫化包)还被制备以与ERRP以及诸如起泡剂、粘结填料等其它添加剂混合,尤其是,包括monomix云母,以及VCAR140ground二氧化硅(一种颗粒状回收二氧化硅)的填料被加入到不同样品中,并且,起泡剂包括AZO(偶氮二甲酰胺)起泡剂和OBSH(氧代双苯磺酰肼)起泡剂。
关于表VII和IX列出的填料的应用,空白样品包括80%重量百分比的母料和20%重量百分比的各自填料;关于包括ERRP和填料的样品,样品包括40%重量百分比的母料、40%重量百分比的ERRP和20%重量百分比的各自填料。再一次,样品含有四种不同颗粒尺寸ERRP,颗粒尺寸在10-18目和10-30目范围,另外,在测试中,还包括颗粒尺寸分布为20目和30目的样品。
关于包括表X和XI中列出的起泡剂的样品空白样品包括99.5%重量百分比的母料和0.5%重量百分比的起泡剂,含有ERRP的样品包括59.5%重量百分比的母料、40%重量百分比的ERRP和0.5%重量百分比的起泡剂。再一次,这些样品含有上述的ERRP颗粒尺寸。所有样品中,填料和起泡剂被加入,并包括上述低温造粒的ERRP。
样品如上述方法进行制备,包括在双辊开炼机中开炼混合物组分7分钟,然后混合物置于模具中,在4500psi压力和350°F温度下加热10分钟。包括填料的样品的测试结果在下面表VIII和表IX中给出,以及含有起泡剂的样品的测试结果在下面表X和XI中给出:
表VIII
表IX
表X
表XI
ERRP与聚脲样品测试
含有ERRP和聚氨酯的混合物样品也被制备、模压和测试,尤其是,大约95%ERRP和大约5%的聚氨酯(Marchem系列3800尿酯预聚物粘结剂)的混合物,在实验室Hobartribbon混合设备中混合3-5分钟。样品包括颗粒尺寸为10-30目以及10-18目范围的低温造粒ERRP,以及样品包括20目和30目颗粒尺寸分布。每种样品混合物用手制成4″x4″x1/2″,其中,在200°F和1000psi压力下加热6分钟,1000psi是非液压实验室压力机达到的最大压力值。样品的测试结果在下面表XII中列出:
表XII
样品号 | 橡胶尺寸 | 撕裂强度(lbs) | 拉伸强度(psi) | 密度(lb/cu ft) |
A53-39A1 | 10-30目 | 50 | 255 | 53.8 |
A53-39A2 | 10-30目 | 52 | 297 | 56.1 |
A53-39B1 | 10-30目 | 74 | 244 | 54.4 |
A53-39B2 | 10-30目 | 63 | 280 | 53.6 |
A53-39C1 | 20目 | 57 | 256 | 54.4 |
A53-39C2 | 20目 | 55 | 265 | 52.0 |
应当注意的是,30目ERRP颗粒尺寸使用5%重量百分比的聚氨酯进行测试,但是,所述样品在模压后并未保持完整。另一种样品使用10%重量百分比聚氨酯作为粘结剂进行测试。测试的机械性能显示,撕裂强度为74lbs,断裂伸长强度破裂为321psi,密度为60.5g/in3,另外,仅包括3.8%聚氨酯和96.2%重量百分比ERRP的样品,被测试,ERRP为10-30目、10-18目和20目。这些样品显示撕裂强度为40lbs至62lbs范围,拉伸强度为236至305psi范围。20目的样品显示最高的测试结果,包括62lbs撕裂强度和305psi拉伸强度。
鉴于上述测试结果,使用聚氨酯或聚脲作为粘结剂,用量为3-15%重量百分比,在大约1000psi至4500psi、大约250°F模压,保留时间大约10分钟,将为得到符合各种结构组分机械性能的结构组分,结构组分包括但不限于铁路枕轨。聚氨酯或聚脲的量优选为大约5%至10%重量百分比。
如上所述,通过上述热固组合物材料制备的结构组分为铁路枕轨,铁路枕轨可以优选地根据美国铁路工程和保养协会(AREMA)标准制备,基于此,根据AREMA标准制定的典型的铁路枕轨为7”x9”x102”(或108”),另外,如上述制备的热固组合物材料邵氏硬度A至少为80,拉伸强度至少为250psi,密度大约为55lbs/ft3,符合AREMA关于铁路枕轨的标准。
图2和3所示的实施例中,铁路枕轨20结构包括两个垂直侧28A和28B、一个顶部24A、一个底部24B,以及相对端26A和26B;两个垂直侧28A和28B以及每一端26A和26B,可以带有最小深度为3/16”的基本上是直的垂直槽22,从铁路枕轨底部垂直测试,槽在两个垂直侧和两个端将在一个点终止,以提供至少1”厚度和9’x(102or108)”总表面积。这种结构允许枕轨从压模中出坯。
另外,槽可以在铁路枕轨结构的底部被提供,由于模技术(模压)被使用,槽在底部的结构组成为V形图案30,或水平面中的槽。但是,在所述成分的每一侧的下陷、槽或凹口可以是简单或复杂的,这依赖于所用模压技术。模塑槽22和V性图案30提供了一种将铁路枕轨与路基碎石支撑缓冲部之间互锁的结构,以此阻止铁路枕轨和铁路部件的纵向移动。使用液压或气动驱动模具侧壁移动,相间的侧壁互锁结构是可能的,如轮胎花面花纹。
虽然,本发明优选实施例在此被展示和描述,但是应当理解的是,这些实施例仅用来作为范例,本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的情况下可以进行各种改变、变换和替代,基于此,本发明应当仅由附录的权利要求的精神和范围所限制。
Claims (11)
1.一种复合铁路枕木,包括:
一种热固性复合材料,包括一种硫化回收的橡胶颗粒的混合物,一种聚脲粘结剂,和一种填充粉状材料;以及,
其中一种混合物,包括大约30%至大约97%重量百分比的硫化回收的橡胶颗粒,所述混合物受到模压力和加热一定保留时间,形成所述复合铁路枕木。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合铁路枕木,还包括一附加的纤维填充材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合铁路枕木,其特征在于,所述混合物包括大约30%至70%重量百分比的硫化橡胶颗粒。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合铁路枕木,其特征在于,所述混合物含有大约40%至50%重量百分比的硫化橡胶颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合铁路枕木,其特征在于,所述热固性复合材料受到在一个或多个大约200°F至大约350°F温度范围内的模压。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合铁路枕木,其特征在于,所述热固性复合材料包括大约3%至15%重量百分比的聚脲粘结剂。
7.一种复合铁路枕木,包括
大约30%至50%重量百分比的硫化回收的橡胶颗粒;
大约12%至20%重量百分比的聚脲粘结剂,添加到硫化橡胶颗粒中;
大约5%至15%重量百分比的颗粒的二氧化硅材料;
大约10%重量至15%重量的玻璃纤维材料;以及
其中硫化回收的橡胶,聚脲粘结剂和颗粒的二氧化硅,受到在大约300psi至大约1000psi、在一个或多个大约230°F至大约270°F温度范围内的模压力,持续一段保留时间,以形成热固性复合铁路枕木。
8.一种装配铁路枕木的方法,包含:
通过混合一种硫化回收的橡胶颗粒的混合物,一种聚脲粘结剂,和一种颗粒的二氧化硅材料,产生一种热固性复合材料;
导入混合物进入一压模;
使混合物受到模压力和加热一定保留时间;
在保留时间过后,允许混合物冷却和变硬;以及
从模具中移除变硬的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物还包括一玻璃纤维材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物在至少1000psi压力下、至少200°F温度内,受到模压一端保留时间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物在4500psi压力下、350°F温度内,受到模压。
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EP3145970A4 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2018-02-28 | Encell Composites, LLC | A thermoset composite material and structural component and the method of making from engineered recycled rubber powder |
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US20110297751A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
US9644324B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
US9816235B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
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MX2012014114A (es) | 2013-06-28 |
CA2801552A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
BR112012030938A2 (pt) | 2016-11-08 |
US8680165B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
US9181420B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
EP2576675A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
CN105602057B (zh) | 2018-11-13 |
US20140175185A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
US20160024720A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
EP2576675A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
ZA201209672B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
CN103038278A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
US20150361250A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
BR112012030938B1 (pt) | 2020-10-13 |
US20140228503A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
CN103038278B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
WO2011153399A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
RU2012157980A (ru) | 2014-07-20 |
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