CN105598450B - A kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage - Google Patents
A kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105598450B CN105598450B CN201610072075.XA CN201610072075A CN105598450B CN 105598450 B CN105598450 B CN 105598450B CN 201610072075 A CN201610072075 A CN 201610072075A CN 105598450 B CN105598450 B CN 105598450B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage, comprises the following steps：First, 3-D scanning is carried out to the outward appearance of standard parts and components corresponding to damage parts, establishes normal structure model；2nd, 3-D scanning is carried out to the outward appearance for damaging parts, establishes the practical structures model of damage parts；3rd, normal structure model and practical structures model are compared and ask difference to obtain reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with damage field；4th, laser three-dimensional profiler device is controlled to carry out laser cladding reparation to the damage field for damaging parts according to plot structure model is repaired.The present invention can be under conditions of degree of precision be ensured, precise repairing is carried out to metal or nonmetallic parts, repair size and be more nearly full size, and follow-up machining time can be saved, repairing efficiency is shortened, while repair materials and former damage location are metallurgical binding, adhesion is strong, stability is high, high yield rate, has wide popularizing application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recovery technique field of metal or nonmetallic parts, is damaged more particularly to a kind of parts
Laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure.
Background technology
Reverse profiling, also known as reverse-engineering, it is a kind of parts or product reproducing processes.Pass through infrared ray or laser
The external morphology of origianl component or product is tracked, scanned, recycles specific software to carry out the appearance point scanned
Collection, analysis, by software drawing function, the 3-D view of origianl component or product is gone back, and then form drawing.
The advanced manufacturing technology new as one, laser three-dimensional profile copying technology（That is 3D printing technique）, it is one kind with number
Based on word model file, with powdery metal or plastics etc. can jointing material, come structure by way of successively printing
The technology of body.3D printing is typically to be realized using digital technology file printing machine.Often led in Making mold, industrial design etc.
Domain is used for modeling, after be gradually available for the direct manufactures of some products, had zero formed using the printing of this technology
Part.The technology is in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, building, engineering and construction（AEC）, automobile, Aero-Space, dentistry and medical treatment
Industry, education, GIS-Geographic Information System, civil engineering, gun and other field have all been applied.
The valuable parts such as aircraft structure, engine component, metal die are under arms after a period of time, it may appear that no
Normal use can not be continued with the damage of form, also easily occur damage process by mistake caused by parts manufacturing process in addition
Wound.These parts are generally more expensive heavy, the above situation occur and often carry out scrapping processing, cause great economic loss.Tradition
Solution technique include following two modes：1）The parts of damage carry out scrapping processing, directly give up, and are entered with new parts
Row is replaced；2) after being repaired to the damage locations of parts, re-worked according to processing drawing.But both techniques are all
In the presence of the limitation of its own.For mode 1) for, for failure parts, totality of the injury region volume compared with parts
For product, or it is smaller, if directly scrapping, it can cause largely to waste, especially to raw material and the waste of processing；
For mode 2) for, although the waste to raw material can be solved to a certain extent, recycling for material is realized, after
Continuous manufacturing procedure is complicated, substantially remains all processing technologys of origianl component, and very high to the dependence of drawing accuracy, adds
The work cycle is grown.And above two technique is all only applicable to metal material.Therefore in the prior art, in particular for nonmetallic zero
The reparation of part does not have a kind of good solution.
The content of the invention
The present invention is based on above-mentioned prior art problem, by combining reverse-engineering and laser three-dimensional profiling（3D printing）Two kinds
Technology, the proposition of innovation is a kind of based on 3-D scanning and the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure for asking difference to model, and utilizes 3-D scanning
Software obtains damaging the model data of parts and standard parts and components, and both are compared and asks difference to obtain area to be repaired
Accurate model, then control digital control system according to area to be repaired accurate model by laser melting coating head by repair materials successively
The area to be repaired of damage parts is deposited on, completes the precise repairing of damage parts.The present invention can be more high-precision in guarantee
Under conditions of degree, precise repairing is carried out to metal or nonmetallic parts, due to can be accurately according to the essence of area to be repaired
Quasi-mode type is repaired so that is repaired size and is more nearly full size, the parts after reparation need to only be polished i.e. surface
It can be used, greatly save follow-up machining time, and substantially reduce repairing efficiency, while repair materials and former damage location
For metallurgical binding, adhesion is strong, and stability is high, high yield rate, and greatly reduces to valuable parts, precision parts
Rehabilitation cost, and the method for the invention not only goes for metallic material parts, can more apply in non-metallic material
Expect on part, there is wide popularizing application prospect.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem is taken：
A kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage, comprises the following steps：
Step（1）, to damage parts corresponding to standard parts and components outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, establish parts and do not send out
Normal structure model before raw damage；
Step（2）, to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, obtain damage parts practical structures model；
Step（3）, to step（1）Obtained normal structure model and step（2）The practical structures model of acquisition is compared
To asking poor processing, reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with the damage field for damaging parts is obtained；
Step（4）, according to step（3）The obtained type of impairment repaired plot structure model and judge to damage on parts is right
In damage location step is performed relative to the outwardly male type damage of parts normal surface（5）, for damage location phase
Step is performed for the inner concave shape damage that parts normal surface caves inward（6）；
Step（5）, by damage parts male type damage working process into inner concave shape damage, then repeat step
（2）To step（4）；
Step（6）, control laser three-dimensional profiler device according to step（3）The reparation plot structure model of determination is to damage zero
The damage field of part carries out laser cladding reparation；
Step（7）, to step（6）Damage parts after reparation are tested.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step（1）In to standard zero portion
A part of outward appearance of part is scanned, and establishes normal structure model, and the partial appearance of standard parts and components corresponds to damage zero
The outward appearance position that part damages；Wherein step（2）In to damage parts damage outward appearance position progress three-dimensional sweep
Retouch, obtain practical structures model, and the practical structures model corresponds to the same of parts entirety with the normal structure model
One structure position.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein the step（4）In, by
Canonical reference coordinate system is established on normal structure model, then judges to damage according to the coordinate residing for repairing plot structure model is positive and negative
Hinder the type of impairment of parts.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein the step（5）In, to evagination
Type damage location is cut, polished or excavated working process together with the fatigue damage layer on its periphery, and makes it relative to zero
Part normal surface is caved inward, and male type damage is converted into inner concave shape damage.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step（6）Specifically include following
Step：
Step（6-1）：Shape and structure feature according to plot structure model is repaired determines to repair starting point；
Step（6-2）：In laser three-dimensional profiler device load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding,
And the laser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiler device is moved in damage parts damage field and the reparation starting point
Corresponding position；
Step（6-3）：According to step in laser three-dimensional profiler device（3）The reparation plot structure model specification laser of determination
The mobile route of cladding head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position to start what is determined according to reparation plot structure model
Repair materials spraying is deposited over the damage field of damage parts by mobile route, completes the laser three-dimensional profiling of damage parts
Repair.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein the starting point selection of repairing is
The depression minimum point or concave edges point of damage field corresponding to plot structure model are repaired, the laser melting coating head selfreparing rises
Initial point starts progressively to be filled formula reparation or lateral from the one of damage field to component surface from the inside of damage field
Opposite side carries out layer by layer deposition reparation.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step（6）Specifically include following
Step：
Step（6-1）：By step（3）The reparation plot structure model of determination is converted to a series of by slicing delamination technology
Two-dimensional silhouette structural model；
Step（6-2）：Determined to repair starting point according to the shape and structure feature of two-dimensional silhouette structural model；
Step（6-3）：In laser three-dimensional profiler device load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding,
And the laser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiler device is moved in damage field position corresponding with the reparation starting point；
Step（6-4）：According to step in laser three-dimensional profiler device（6-1）The two-dimensional silhouette structural model setting of determination
The mobile route of laser melting coating head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position to start according to two-dimensional silhouette structural model
The mobile route of determination by repair materials successively deposition be deposited on damage parts damage field, complete damage parts swash
Light solid profiling reparation.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step（6-1）In, pass through section
Delamination software carries out Slice by slice cutting by plot structure model is repaired according to certain thickness, so that the reparation plot structure model by three-dimensional
Be converted to a series of two-dimensional silhouette structural model；Wherein step（6-4）Individual layer deposition of the middle laser melting coating head to repair materials
Deposit thickness is equal to step（6-1）In Slice by slice cutting thickness.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein step（7）Specifically include following
Step：
Step（7-1）：To step（6）The outward appearance of damage parts after reparation carries out 3-D scanning, establishes damage zero
Practical structures model after part reparation；
Step（7-2）：By step（7-1）Obtained practical structures model and step（1）The normal structure model of determination enters
Row compares, and completes to damage the inspection of parts after repairing.
Further according to laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention, wherein using the laser three-dimensional profiling
Damage parts after restorative procedure reparation reach more than 98% relative to the dimensional recovery degree of standard parts and components, repair materials with
The bond strength of base material reaches more than the 95% of base material itself intensity, and the heat affected area of injury repair is not more than 0.2mm.
Technical scheme has following original creation technical characteristic and innovative technology effect：
1）, the present invention it is pioneering based on 3-D scanning and ask difference modeling to realize that the laser three-dimensional profiling of damage parts is repaiied
It is multiple, obtain damaging the model data of parts and standard parts and components by using 3-D scanning software, and both are compared
Ask difference to obtain the accurate model of area to be repaired, then control digital control system to pass through laser according to the accurate model of area to be repaired
Powdered or strip repair materials layer by layer deposition is damaged parts by cladding head in the area to be repaired of damage parts, completion
Precise repairing, due to can be repaired according to the accurate moulded dimension of area to be repaired to it, so that repairing size more
The nearly full size of adjunction, parts are damaged after reparation can reach more than 98% relative to the size restoration degree of standard parts and components, repair
Precision has surmounted existing all recovery techniques, has in the recovery technique field of valuable parts, precision parts wide
Application prospect.
2）, repaired by the method for the invention after parts surface need to only be polished i.e. can be used, save significantly
Follow-up machining time is saved.
3）, the method for the invention in theory can be to any parts any damage field, any lesion shape
Repaired, market application foreground is wide.
4）, the method for the invention repair process parts damage location is repaired using 3D printing technique, its
Repair materials utilization rate can reach more than 95%, far above traditional renovation technique, greatly reduce the loss late of material and repair into
This；
5）, the method for the invention repair process in the knot of repair materials and matrix material is realized based on laser cladding
Close, it is this to be combined into metallurgical binding so that repairing between area and base material has very high bond strength, be not likely to produce peel off or
Cracking phenomena, its bond strength can reach more than the 95% of substrate intensity, and by selecting to repair matching materials or even can exceed that base
Material intensity；
6）, the method for the invention use 3D laser printing technologies during reparation, repair area and heat affected area be smaller,
The micro- molten depth as shallow in top layer, about 0.05-0.1mm, heat affected area are not more than 0.2mm, substantially increase repair after parts it is whole
Body performance；
7）, scheme of the present invention cladding layer and interface damage rate during reparation it is low, dense structure, and repair process
Middle parts are in relatively low temperature environment, and workpiece will not be deformed phenomenon substantially, while whole process is not required to
Preheating, substantially reduces the whole process-cycle.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 be laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention in as example standard parts and components normal structure
Model schematic；
Accompanying drawing 2 is the practical structures for damaging parts as example in laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention
Model schematic；
Accompanying drawing 3 is the normal structure model and actual knot in laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention as example
Structure model, which is compared, asks difference to obtain the schematic diagram for repairing plot structure model；
Accompanying drawing 4 is that the consistent reparation plot structure corresponding with damage parts damage location for asking difference to obtain is compared through accompanying drawing 3
Model schematic；
Accompanying drawing 5 is the new product leaf of the first embodiment preferably applicable as laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention
Piece appearance assumption diagram；
Accompanying drawing 6 is that the first embodiment preferably applicable as laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention is damaged
The actual leaf appearance structure chart of wound；
Accompanying drawing 7 is the new product leaf of the first embodiment preferably applicable as laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of the present invention
The schematic diagram for seeking difference is compared in the surface structure model of piece and actual blade；
Accompanying drawing 8 is that the reparation plot structure mould corresponding with actual blade injury position for asking difference processing to obtain is compared through accompanying drawing 7
Type figure；
In figure：A- represents the damage location of damage parts；B- represents that damage location is comparing the correspondence during seeking difference
Position.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in detail below, so that those skilled in the art can be more clear
Understand the present invention, but therefore do not limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention relates to the recovery technique of metal or nonmetallic parts, is stood more particularly, to the laser of parts damage
Body profiling restorative procedure, the restorative procedure of the detailed description below present invention.
A kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage, comprises the following steps：
（1）, to damage parts corresponding to standard parts and components（New product）Outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, by gathering standard
The apparent size data of parts, and by Software tool, the normal structure model established before parts do not damage, preferably
Example as shown in Figure 1 standard appearance assumption diagram., can be only to mark if damage element size is larger in this step
The position that quasi- parts correspond to damage field to be repaired is scanned and establishes the normal structure model of area to be repaired.Outward appearance
3-D scanning preferably carried out using existing ripe photo taking type optical three-dimensional scanning instrument, its structural principle is mainly thrown by grating
The CCD Camera of shadow equipment and two technical grades are formed, and by optical grating projection on object to be scanned, and are subject to thickness change
And displacement, coordinate CCD Camera that the digitized video captured is passed through into computer software calculation process, you can to learn to be scanned
The actual 3D external forms of object.This photo taking type spatial digitizer is a kind of three-dimensional scanning measurement equipment of high-speed, high precision, is used
Be integrated structure light technology, phase measurement, the complex three-dimensional non-contact measurement scanning technique of computer vision technique,
There are high efficiency, high accuracy, high life, high-res, especially suitable for complex free curved surface reverse modeling, mainly should
Designed for research and development of products（RD, such as rapid shaping, three-dimensional digital, three dimensional design, 3 D stereo scanning etc.）, reverse-engineering
（RE, such as reverse scanning, reverse-engineer）And three-dimensional values CAV.
（2）, to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, by gather damage parts apparent size data,
And by Software tool, the practical structures model of damage parts is established, the preferable actual look knot of example as shown in Figure 2
Composition, wherein damage location correspond to the position pointed by A.Parts are damaged due to odjective cause, in the abrasion of different zones
Degree is often inconsistent, must be obtained if all carrying out accurate profiling reparation to multiple different damage fields including being damaged
Hinder the Whole structure model in region.If damage element size is larger and only wherein some portion of damage is repaired, also
Only the region including the damage location can be scanned and establish the structural model of area to be repaired, it is corresponding under the premise of such a
Normal structure model also modeling only should be scanned to the standard parts and components position including area to be repaired, and to ensure both
Corresponding to the integrally-built same position of parts and same reference point.
（3）, using 3-D scanning software to step（1）Obtained normal structure model and step（2）Obtained actual knot
Structure model, which is compared, asks poor processing, preferably as shown in Figure 3, in poor processing procedure is sought in contrast by with damage location phase
Corresponding position B's asks difference processing i.e. available and the complete corresponding reparation plot structure model of parts damage field, such as the institute of accompanying drawing 4
Show.During difference is sought in comparison, suitable contrast reference point or reference should be established on normal structure model and practical structures model
Characteristic portion.With its end face and cylinder axis fixed reference feature position as a comparison if the cylinder parts in accompanying drawing 3, so as to protect
Damage field real structure to be repaired can be represented by demonstrate,proving the structural model for asking difference operation to handle to obtain.
（4）, according to step（3）The reparation plot structure model of determination further judges that the damage field on damage parts is
Damage field or dented damage region are protruded, wherein protrusion damage field refers to that damage location protrudes from standard surface, is recessed
Damage field refers to that damage location indent is damaged in standard surface, the injury repair region that parts are damaged in the case of described for depression
Hinder region, but parts being squeezed are damages that local compression protrusion may also occur sometimes, by normal structure
Canonical reference coordinate is established on model, asks the coordinate of the reparation plot structure model obtained in difference operation is positive and negative can sentence according to comparing
It is protrusion damage field or dented damage region to determine damage field, and step is performed for protrusion damage field（5）, for depression
Damage field performs step（6）；
（5）, by damage parts protrusion damage field be processed into dented damage region, specifically add processing to cut by machine
Protruding parts and its peripheral fatigue damaging layer (1-3mm) of protrusion damage field are removed, polished or excavated, protrusion damage field is turned
Dented damage region is changed to, then repeats step（2）；
（6）, control laser three-dimensional profiler device（Also it is laser solid forming equipment）In the to be repaired of damage parts
Damage location, according to step（3）Powdered or strip repair materials are deposited over damage location by the reparation plot structure model of determination,
Complete to repair.The actual damage structure of damage parts can be accurately represented due to repairing plot structure model, therefore is based on repairing
The deposition reparation of multiple plot structure model cootrol laser three-dimensional profiler device, the damage location for damaging parts can be carried out accurate
Repair.It is specific that starting point, the preferable reparation starting point are first repaired according to the shape facility selection for repairing plot structure model
Elect the depression minimum point or concave edges point for repairing damage location corresponding to plot structure model as, be chosen to repair starting
Point is for the ease of being progressively filled formula reparation or from dented damage area to component surface from the inside in dented damage region
The side in domain is progressively successively repaired to opposite side, and the laser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiler device then is moved into damage
Hinder the reparation initial point position in region, be then based on reparation plot structure model cootrol laser melting coating head selfreparing starting point and start
Powdered or strip repair materials are deposited over dented damage position by the mobile route according to the determination of plot structure model is repaired, preferably
Progressively repaired from inside sunk area to outside piece surface, until complete dented damage region is repaired in filling.Enter one
The step of step（6）In, the laser three-dimensional profiler device is preferably in such a way based on reparation plot structure model to damage
The damage location for hindering parts is repaired：
（6-1）：By step（3）The three-dimensional reparation plot structure model of acquisition is converted to a series of by slicing delamination technology
Two-dimensional silhouette structural model, it is specific using slicing delamination software by the reparation plot structure model of three-dimensional according to certain thickness
Slicing delamination, lift height are approximately equal to the thickness in monolayer of laser spraying deposition, so as to which three-dimensional information is converted into a series of two dimensions
Profile information；
（6-2）：Control laser three-dimensional profiler device according to the two-dimensional silhouette structural model by powdered or strip reparation
Successively deposition deposits material（Coating combination is metallurgical binding）In the damage location that damage parts are to be repaired, damage zero is completed
The reparation of part.It is specific first to be determined to repair initial point position according to the shape facility of two-dimensional silhouette structural model, generally repair recessed
The obvious point of feature at edge or bottom is fallen into, then laser three-dimensional profiler device is loaded onto and can firmly be tied with damage parts base material
The powdered or strip repair materials closed, and its laser melting coating head is moved to and repairs starting point correspondence position, then according to step
Suddenly（6-1）A series of two-dimensional silhouette structural models determined set the mobile road of laser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiler device
Footpath, and startup optimization program, control laser melting coating head selfreparing starting point start the two-dimensional silhouette knot determined according to slicing delamination
By powdered or strip repair materials, deposition is deposited on damage parts damage location to be repaired to structure model layer by layer successively, complete
The laser three-dimensional profiling reparation of damage parts in pairs.It can be repaired during reparation according to actual use operating mode selection is suitable
Material, surface modification can be also carried out to it to improve product actual life, renovation technique parameter is selected and matching materials selects
This is scheduled on not describe in detail, can be depending on actual conditions.Because restorative procedure of the present invention can be applied to gold simultaneously
Belong to the reparation field of parts and nonmetallic parts, so material can be repaired according to the material selection of actual parts to be repaired
Material, as long as repair materials can be with base material strong bonded under lf.
（7）, the reparation area for damaging parts is tested and simple grinding process.Can use following two ways it
One carries out damaging the last inspection after parts are repaired：（One）, contrast with reference to drawing to after reparation parts progress Rough Inspection test；
（Two）, when needing accurate examine or when without reference to drawing, after above-mentioned 3-D scanning software can be reused to reparation
Parts carry out reverse scanning modeling, obtain parts it is repaired after practical structures model, then by its again with it is above-mentioned
Step（2）Obtained normal structure model is accurately contrasted, you can is completed to repairing the accurate inspection of parts, and is obtained zero
Shape recovery degree after part reparation compared with standard original paper.If the reparation recovery degree of the parts after examining and repairing is discontented with
Sufficient actual operation requirements, repeat and perform above-mentioned steps（2）Extremely（7）, until meeting to require.
The present invention is based on 3-D scanning and asks difference modeling to build the accurate model of damage parts area to be repaired, and base
In the repair path of accurate model control laser melting coating head so that repair size and be more nearly full size, zero is damaged after reparation
Part can reach more than 98% relative to the size restoration degree of standard parts and components, repair precision and surmounted existing all reparation skills
Art；The combination of repair materials and matrix material is realized in the repair process of the method for the invention based on laser cladding, so may be used
Most suitable repair materials are chosen according to the performance of matrix material to be repaired, and are particularly suitable for use under wear resistant corrosion resistant environmental work
The reparation of parts, realizes the direct metallurgical binding between repair materials and base material, and its bond strength can reach the 95% of substrate intensity
More than, peeling or cracking phenomena are not likely to produce, and by selecting to repair matching materials or even can exceed that substrate intensity；Relative to biography
System renovation technique, the present invention before reparation due to there is clear and definite model to repair size, for the machining of large area after reparation
It can be essentially omitted, only to repairing the surface simple grinding process of progress parts need to can be met to surface after the completion of reparation
The requirement of finish and roughness；The repair process of the method for the invention is entered using 3D printing technique to parts damage location
Row is repaired, and its repair materials utilization rate can reach more than 95%, far above traditional renovation technique, greatly reduce the loss of material
Rate and rehabilitation cost；The method of the invention uses 3D laser printing technologies during reparation, and whole technical process is relatively low
At a temperature of carry out, avoid influence and deformation to substrate work-piece material mechanical performance under high temperature and high pressure environment, repair Qu Yure
The zone of influence is smaller, and the micro- molten depth as shallow in top layer, about 0.05-0.1mm, heat affected area is not more than 0.2mm, substantially increases reparation
The overall performance of parts afterwards；The method of the invention in theory can be to any damage field of any parts, any
Lesion shape is repaired, and market application foreground is wide, especially the recovery technique field to valuable parts, precision parts
Technical advantage with uniqueness.Table 1 gives a large amount of damage parts are repaired using the method for the invention after, its is comprehensive
Close performance and the comparative illustration of two kinds of traditional renovation techniques.
The kinds of processes repairing performance comparative illustration of table 1
| Process program | Cost | Repairing efficiency | Bond strength | Size restoration degree |
| Restorative procedure of the present invention | 30% or so | It is short | ≥95% | ≥98% |
| New part direct replacing method | 100% | — | — | 100% |
| Restorative procedure is processed based on drawing | 60% or so | It is long | 85%~95% | 80% (typically needing following process) |
Exemplified by the reparation of following metal turbine set blade and nonmetallic reduction box casing, institute of the present invention is illustrated
State application of the method in parts injury repair field.
Embodiment 1
To the injury repair and reproducing method of the turbine set blade of metal material (stainless steel), following step is specifically included
Suddenly：
（1）, treat corresponding to reblading new product leaf appearance and carry out 3-D scanning, gather new part apparent size data,
Form new product blade standard surface structure model as shown in Figure 5；
（2）, the damage location for the treatment of reblading carry out 3-D scanning, collection defaces sized data, is formed as attached
Damaged blade actual look structural model shown in Fig. 6；
（3）, using 3-D scanning software Geomagic Studio to the standard surface structure model shown in accompanying drawing 5 and attached
Actual look structural model data shown in Fig. 6, which are compared, asks poor, and comparison seeks poor process as shown in Figure 7, depth therein
Color dash area is the injury repair area corresponding to blade, is sought difference and output obtains the reparation plot structure mould shown in accompanying drawing 8
Type.
（4）, reverse with slicing delamination software model is pressed into certain thickness slicing delamination after repairing plot structure model so that
Three-dimensional section model of repairing corresponding to blade injury position is converted into a series of two-dimensional silhouette information；
（5）, then under the control of digital control system, with laser three-dimensional profiler device LSF4000 by PH17-4 powder material according to
Two-dimensional silhouette information layer by layer deposition completes the reparation of damaged blade in the damage location of blade；
（6）, area repaired to blade profiling test, the blade after reparation is carried out using 3-D scanning software reverse
Scanning modeling, and carry out accurate comparison test with the new product blade shown in accompanying drawing 5.
Embodiment 2
The reducer shell of non-metallic material is repaired and remanufactured, specifically includes following steps：
（1）, to corresponding to reducer shell to be repaired new product reducer shell outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, gather outside new part
Sized data is seen, forms new product reducer shell normal structure model；
（2）, carry out 3-D scanning to the damage location of reducer shell to be repaired, collection defaces sized data, shape
Into damage reducer shell practical structures model；
（3）, new product normal structure model and damage using 3-D scanning software Geomagic Studio to reducer shell
Hinder structural model and be compared and ask poor, obtain the reparation plot structure model of reducer shell damage location.
（4）, reverse with slicing delamination software model is pressed into certain thickness slicing delamination after repairing plot structure model so that
Three-dimensional section model of repairing corresponding to reducer shell damage location is converted into a series of two-dimensional silhouette information；
（5）, then under the control of digital control system, with laser three-dimensional profiler device Cube X3D by ABS silk materials according to two
Damage location of the profile information layer by layer deposition in reducer shell is tieed up, completes the reparation of damage reducer shell；
（6）, to reducer shell profiling repair area test, using 3-D scanning software to the reductor after reparation
Housing carries out reverse scanning modeling, and carries out accurate comparison test with the master pattern of new product reducer shell.
As a comparison, the present invention damaged blade being repaired according to traditional machining processes technique specially, and
Renovation technique Comprehensive Correlation with implementing one and implementation two, as shown in table 2, therefrom visible laser three-dimensional profiling of the present invention is repaiied
The combination property of compound method is much better than traditional renovation technique.
Table 2 contrasts to the reparation assay of damaged blade and damage the decelerator body
。
It can be seen that by the parts of the method for the invention reparation, have higher bond strength and more complete size extensive
Multiplicity, and repair materials can be selected according to demand, to reach the purpose of lifting component surface overall performance.Due to the present invention
The pattern of poor accurate calculation parts restoring area is sought using reverse profile copying technology, and by comparing, after greatly reducing reparation
The machining time of parts, while greatly reduce the repairing efficiency of parts.And renovation technique of the present invention
Heat input is small, and in whole repair process, parts increasing extent of temperature is small, effectively improves thermal deformation of the parts during reparation
Situation, recovery technique of the present invention can be widely used in the injury repair of each type component.
It the above is only and the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, technical scheme is not limited to
This, any known deformation that those skilled in the art are made on the basis of the major technique design of the present invention belongs to the present invention
Claimed technology category, the specific protection domain of the present invention are defined by the record of claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step（1）, to damage parts corresponding to standard parts and components outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, establish parts and do not damage
Normal structure model before wound；
Step（2）, to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, obtain damage parts practical structures model；
Step（3）, to step（1）Obtained normal structure model and step（2）The practical structures model of acquisition, which is compared, to be asked
Difference processing, obtain reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with the damage field for damaging parts；
Step（4）, according to step（3）The obtained type of impairment repaired plot structure model and judge to damage on parts, for damage
Traumatic part position performs step relative to the outwardly male type damage of parts normal surface（5）, for damage location relative to
The inner concave shape damage that parts normal surface caves inward performs step（6）；
Step（5）, by damage parts male type damage working process into inner concave shape damage, then repeat step（2）
To step（4）；
Step（6）, control laser three-dimensional profiler device according to step（3）Determination repairs plot structure model to damage parts
Damage field carries out laser cladding reparation, specifically includes：
（6-1）：Shape and structure feature according to plot structure model is repaired determines to repair starting point；
（6-2）：Loaded in laser three-dimensional profiler device can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding, and by laser
Laser melting coating head in three-dimensional profiler device is moved in damage parts damage field position corresponding with the reparation starting point
Put；
（6-3）：According to step in laser three-dimensional profiler device（3）The reparation plot structure model specification laser melting coating head of determination
Mobile route, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position to start the mobile route determined according to plot structure model is repaired
Repair materials spraying is deposited over to the damage field of damage parts, completes the laser three-dimensional profiling reparation of damage parts；
Step（7）, to step（6）Damage parts after reparation are tested.
2. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein step（1）In to standard
A part of outward appearance of parts is scanned, and establishes normal structure model, and the partial appearance of standard parts and components corresponds to damage
Hinder the outward appearance position that parts damage；Wherein step（2）In to damage parts damage outward appearance position progress three
Dimension scanning, practical structures model is obtained, and the practical structures model and the normal structure model are overall corresponding to parts
Same structure position.
3. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein described step（4）In, lead to
Cross on normal structure model and establish canonical reference coordinate system, then sentence according to the coordinate residing for repairing plot structure model is positive and negative
The type of impairment of parts is hindered in setting loss.
4. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein described step（5）In, it is right
Male type damage location is cut, polished or excavated working process together with the fatigue damage layer on its periphery, and make its relative to
Parts normal surface is caved inward, and male type damage is converted into inner concave shape damage.
5. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reparation originates point selection and is
The depression minimum point or concave edges point of damage field corresponding to plot structure model are repaired, the laser melting coating head selfreparing rises
Initial point starts progressively to be filled formula reparation or lateral from the one of damage field to component surface from the inside of damage field
Opposite side carries out layer by layer deposition reparation.
6. the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that wherein step（7）
Specifically include following steps：
Step（7-1）：To step（6）The outward appearance of damage parts after reparation carries out 3-D scanning, establishes damage parts and repaiies
Practical structures model after multiple；
Step（7-2）：By step（7-1）Obtained practical structures model and step（1）The normal structure model of determination is compared
It is right, complete to damage the inspection of parts after repairing.
7. the laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that use the laser
Damage parts after three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure reparation reach more than 98% relative to the dimensional recovery degree of standard parts and components, repair
The bond strength of multiple material and base material reaches more than the 95% of base material intensity itself, and the heat affected area of injury repair is not more than
0.2mm。
8. a kind of laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure of parts damage, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step（1）, to damage parts corresponding to standard parts and components outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, establish parts and do not damage
Normal structure model before wound；
Step（2）, to damage parts outward appearance carry out 3-D scanning, obtain damage parts practical structures model；
Step（3）, to step（1）Obtained normal structure model and step（2）The practical structures model of acquisition, which is compared, to be asked
Difference processing, obtain reparation plot structure model completely corresponding with the damage field for damaging parts；
Step（4）, according to step（3）The obtained type of impairment repaired plot structure model and judge to damage on parts, for damage
Traumatic part position performs step relative to the outwardly male type damage of parts normal surface（5）, for damage location relative to
The inner concave shape damage that parts normal surface caves inward performs step（6）；
Step（5）, by damage parts male type damage working process into inner concave shape damage, then repeat step（2）
To step（4）；
Step（6）, control laser three-dimensional profiler device according to step（3）Determination repairs plot structure model to damage parts
Damage field carries out laser cladding reparation, specifically includes：
Step（6-1）：By step（3）The reparation plot structure model of determination is converted to a series of two dimension by slicing delamination technology
Contour structure model；
Step（6-2）：Determined to repair starting point according to the shape and structure feature of two-dimensional silhouette structural model；
Step（6-3）：In laser three-dimensional profiler device load can with the repair materials of parts base material metallurgical binding, and will
Laser melting coating head in laser three-dimensional profiler device is moved in damage field position corresponding with the reparation starting point；
Step（6-4）：According to step in laser three-dimensional profiler device（6-1）The two-dimensional silhouette structural model setting laser of determination
The mobile route of cladding head, and control laser melting coating head selfreparing initial point position to start to determine according to two-dimensional silhouette structural model
Mobile route by repair materials successively deposition be deposited on damage parts damage field, complete damage parts laser stand
Body profiling reparation；
Step（7）, to step（6）Damage parts after reparation are tested.
9. laser three-dimensional profiling restorative procedure according to claim 8, it is characterised in that wherein step（6-1）In, pass through
Slicing delamination software carries out Slice by slice cutting by plot structure model is repaired according to certain thickness, so that the reparation plot structure by three-dimensional
Model conversion is a series of two-dimensional silhouette structural model；Wherein step（6-4）Individual layer of the middle laser melting coating head to repair materials
Deposition deposit thickness is equal to step（6-1）In Slice by slice cutting thickness.
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