CN105596898A

CN105596898A - Drug for treating gastric cancer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN105596898A
Application number: CN201510987105.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛学明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-12-27
Filing date: 2015-12-27
Publication date: 2016-05-25

Abstract

Gastric cancer heads the list in various malignant tumors in China, most of early gastric cancer patients have no obvious symptom, and a small number of patients suffer nausea or upper digestive tract symptoms similar to elcosis. Ache and loss of body weight are the most common clinical symptoms at the progressive stage of gastric cancer. Patients often have obviously upper digestive tract symptoms, upper abdominal pain is exacerbated with the development of the state of illness, and loss of appetite and hypodynamia can occur. The drug is prepared by combining fruit of hawthorn, climbing nightshade, medicated leaven, rabdosia, amlt, patent drier, millet sprout, semen raphani, Chinese trumpetcreeper, chicken's gizzard-skin, gadfly, tangerine peel, dried leech, hyacinth bean, rose, Chinese date, kychee pit, cerealose, cyperirhizome, honey, lindera root, broomrape, hindu lotus seed, curculigo rhizome, green bean, cuscuta chinensis, jack bean, ass-hide glue, arillus longan, mulberry, lily and Chinese wolfberry, and the drugs are combined to ensure that efficacies of all the drugs generate a synergistic action, so that gastric cancer can be effectively treated.

Description

A kind of medicine for the treatment of cancer of the stomach and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of medicine for the treatment of cancer of the stomach and preparation method thereof, belong to the field of Chinese medicines.

Technical background

Cancer of the stomach ranks first in the various malignant tumours of China, and incidence gastric cancer has obvious region difference, is evident as height in northwest and the coastal region in east China incidence gastric cancer rate of China than southern area. The many non-evident symptons of early carcinoma of stomach patient, a few peoples have the digestive symptoms of nauseating or similar canker. Pain is the modal clinical symptoms of advanced gastric carcinoma with losing weight. The digestive symptoms that patient Chang You is comparatively clear and definite, along with disease progression Upper abdominal pain increases the weight of, appetite decline, weak. Because current Western medicine cannot be treated cancer of the stomach fast and effectively, there is great demand to the Chinese medicine of rapid, effective treatment cancer of the stomach in people therefore, up to now, also do not find about relevant report of the present invention.

Summary of the invention

The inventor, according to the research of theory of traditional Chinese medical science and the checking repeatedly of clinical testing, has finally found the medicine of effective treatment cancer of the stomach, thereby has completed the present invention.

Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of Chinese medicine composition of effective treatment cancer of the stomach.

Another object of the present invention has just been to provide the preparation method of this Chinese medicine composition.

Medicine of the present invention is to select hawthorn, bittersweet, Divine Comedy, Rabdosia rubescens, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, dried lacquer, rice sprout, radish seed, Chinese trumpet creeper, the membrane of a chicken's gizzard, gadfly, orange peel, leech, French beans, rose, date, semen litchi, maltose, rhizoma cyperi, honey, the root of three-nerved spicebush, saline cistanche, lotus seeds, thizoma curculiginis, mung bean, the seed of Chinese dodder, sword bean, donkey-hide gelatin, arillus longan, mulberries, lily, fruit of Chinese wolfberry medicine to combine preparation, make each efficacy of drugs produce synergy these drug regimens, thereby can effectively treat cancer of the stomach. Wherein selecting hawthorn is because of its taste acid, sweet, tepor. Return spleen, stomach, Liver Channel. Function food digesting stomach fortifying, the promoting the circulation of qi stasis of blood of faling apart. For carnivorous stagnant, gastral cavilty turgor, rushes down dysentery stomachache, and hemostasis is through closing, postpartum stasis blocking, trusted subordinate's shouting pain, hernia pain; Hyperlipidemia. Charred FRUCTUS CRATAEGI promoting digestion effect strengthens. For carnivorous stagnant, rush down dysentery not well.

Select bittersweet to be because its bitter is slightly cold. Slightly poisonous. Enter liver, stomach warp. Function is clearing heat and detoxicating, inducing diuresis and reducing edema, anticancer. Herb: for cold, fever, acute mastitis, evil sore, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, ascites, leukorrhea, nephritic dropsy; Carbuncle furuncle poison is controlled in external application. Root: arthralgia due to wind-dampness. Select Divine Comedy to be because its taste sweet, acrid, warm. Enter spleen, stomach warp. Function strengthening the spleen and stomach, helps digestion in tune. Control retention of food and drink, feeling of stuffiness in chest abdominal distension, vomiting dysentery, postpartum blood stasis stomachache, the large heavily fortified point of children's's abdomen is long-pending. Selecting Rabdosia rubescens is that to esophagocardial carcinoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, the carcinoma of the rectum have certain mitigation because of its function this product complete stool crude preparation by using clinical observation on the therapeutic effect.

Select Fructus Hordei Germinatus to be because its taste is sweet, flat. Return spleen, stomach warp. Function promote qi circulation digestion promoting, spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, moves back newborn dissipate-swelling. Do not disappear for dyspepsia, abdominal distention, insufficiency of the spleen food is few, and milk smoulders, swollen breasts, women's ablactation. Select dried lacquer to be because its taste is pungent, temperature; Poisonous. Return liver, the spleen channel. Function is broken hemostasis, disappears long-pending, and desinsection. For women's amenorrhoea, hemostasis abdominal mass, abdominal pain due to enterositosis. Select rice sprout to be because its taste is sweet, temperature. Return spleen, stomach warp. Function help digestion and in, spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite. Do not disappear for dyspepsia, abdominal distension halitosis, weakness of the spleen and the stomach, not hungry food is few. Fry rice sprout and relatively help digestion, few for not hungry food. The kind eliminate indigestion of burnt rice sprout is stagnant, does not disappear for stagnant. Select radish seed to be because its taste is pungent, sweet, flat. Return lung, spleen, stomach warp. The function de-swelling that helps digestion, lowering the adverse-rising QI to resolve phlegm. For retention of food and drink, abdominal distention, constipation, the stagnant dysentery of rushing down, phlegm heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots is breathed with cough. Select Chinese trumpet creeper to be because its taste is sweet, sour, cold. Return liver, pericardium channel. The cool blood of function, stagnation resolvation, dispels the wind. For irregular menstruation, Jing Bi wei lump in the abdomen, postpartum, breast was swollen, and rubella is rubescent, pruitus, acne. Select the membrane of a chicken's gizzard to be because its taste is sweet, flat. Return spleen, stomach, small intestine, urinary bladder channel. Function stomach strengthening and digestion promoting, arresting seminal emission. Do not disappear for dyspepsia, vomiting dysentery, infantile malnutrition, the enuresis, seminal emission. Select gadfly to be because its bitter is slightly cold. Poisonous. Function drastically removing blood stasis and resolving static blood, dysmenorrhoea induced abortion. Be used for blood stasis through closing, traumatic injury. Select orange peel to be because its taste is arduous, temperature. Enter spleen, lung channel. Function is regulated the flow of vital energy, and in tune, eliminating dampness, reduces phlegm. Control fullness and oppression of chest and abdomen, do not feel like eating, vomiting hiccup, coughing with a lot of sputum. Also separate fish, crab poison. Select leech to be because its taste is salty, bitter, flat; Slightly poisonous. Return Liver Channel. Function is broken blood, by the stasis of blood, stimulates the menstrual flow. For abdominal mass lump in the abdomen, blood stasis is through closing, injury from falling down. Select French beans to be because its taste is sweet, flat. Enter spleen, stomach warp. Function invigorating the spleen and in, the dampness elimination of relieving summer heat. Control summer-heat and damp and vomit and diarrhoea, insufficiency of the spleenly vomit contraryly, food is few to be let out for a long time, and water stops quenching one's thirst, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, infantile malnutrition. Selecting rose is because of sweet, the micro-hardship of its taste, temperature. Return liver, the spleen channel. Function promoting qi circulation and removing obstruction in the collateral, and blood, pain relieving. For stomachache due to emotional depression and the hyperactive liver-qi attacking the stomach, eat the evil of vomitting less, irregular menstruation, falls and flutters the pain of injury. Select date to be because its taste is sweet, temperature. Return spleen, stomach warp. Function tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, nourishing blood and tranquilization. Few for insufficiency of the spleen food, weak loose stool, hysteria of womam. Selecting semen litchi is because of sweet, the micro-hardship of its taste, temperature. Return liver, kidney channel. Function promoting QI to circulate and dispersing the agglomeration of the pathogens, cold-dispelling pain-relieving. For cold hernia stomachache, testiclar gall. Selecting maltose is that strengthening the spleen and stomach, moistens the lung and relieve the cough because of its function tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi. Cure mainly weakness of the spleen and the stomach, dry cough, xeropulmonary cough. Select rhizoma cyperi to be because pungent, the micro-hardship of its taste, micro-sweet is flat. Return liver, spleen, tri-jiao channel. Function promoting qi circulation and removing obstruction in the collateral, menstruction regulating and pain relieving. For stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver, chest, the side of body, abdominal distention, indigestion, chest gastral cavity ruffian is vexed, cold hernia stomachache, swollen breasts, irregular menstruation, through closing dysmenorrhoea. Select honey to be because its taste is sweet, flat. Return lung, spleen, large intestine channel. Function bowl spares, moisturizes, pain relieving, removing toxic substances. For the empty pain of gastral cavity abdomen, dryness of the lung dry cough, the dry constipation of intestines; Control sore outward and do not hold back, scald. Select the root of three-nerved spicebush to be because its taste is pungent, temperature. Return lung, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder channel. The pleasant pain relieving of function, warming kidney for dispelling cold. For chest and abdomen swelling and pain, the circulation of vital energy in the wrong direction is breathed heavily urgency, deficiency-cold in the urinary bladder, enuresis frequent micturition, hernia, dysmenorrhoea. Select saline cistanche to be because its taste is sweet, salty, temperature. Return kidney, large intestine channel. Function kidney-replenishing, benefiting essence-blood, relaxes bowel. For impotence, infertile, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, muscles and bones is unable, the dry constipation of intestines. Select lotus seeds to be because its taste is sweet, puckery, flat. Return spleen, kidney, the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin. Function tonifying spleen antidiarrheal, the puckery essence of kidney-nourishing, mental-tranquilization. Rush down for a long time for insufficiency of the spleen, under seminal emission band, palpitation and insomnia.

Select thizoma curculiginis to be because its taste is pungent, heat; Poisonous. Return kidney,liver,spleen warp. Function kidney-replenishing, strengthening the bones and muscles, dispellieg cold and dampness. For impotence cold sperm, muscles and bones impotence is soft, the cold numbness of waist knee, and the deficiency of yang is cold rushes down. Select mung bean to be because its taste is sweet, cold. Enter the heart, stomach warp. Function is clearing heat and detoxicating, relieves summer heat. For hot summer weather polydipsia, sore carbuncle swells and waits disease. Can separate monkshood, crotons poison. Select the seed of Chinese dodder to be because its taste is sweet, temperature. Return liver,kidney,spleen warp. Function tonification liver kidney, controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs contracting urine, antiabortive, improving eyesight, antidiarrheal. For impotence and seminal emission, dripping urination, enuresis frequent micturition, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, blurred vision tinnitus, vaginal bleeding due to deficiency of the kidney during pregnancy, fetal irritability, spleen is suffered from a deficiency of the kidney and is rushed down; Externally treating leucoderma. Select sword bean to be because its taste is sweet, temperature. Return stomach, kidney channel. In function temperature, lower gas, only oh. For cold of insufficiency type hiccup, vomiting. Select donkey-hide gelatin to be because its taste is sweet, flat. Return lung, liver, kidney channel. The function enriching yin of enriching blood, moisturizes, hemostasis. Sallow for the deficiency of blood, dizzy palpitaition, flesh impotence is unable, dysphoria and insomnia, endogenous deficient wind, xeropulmonary cough, the labor spitting of blood of coughing, haematemesis hematuria, the uterine bleeding of having blood in stool, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Select arillus longan to be because its taste is sweet, temperature. The thoughts of returning home, the spleen channel. Function tonifying heart and spleen, nourishing blood and tranquilization. For insufficiency of vital energy and blood, palpitation and severe palpitation, forgetful insomnia, the deficiency of blood is sallow. Select mulberries to be because its taste is sweet, sour, cold. The thoughts of returning home, liver, kidney channel. The function enriching yin of enriching blood, promotes the production of body fluid and moisturizes. For dizzy tinnitus, palpitation and insomnia, poliosis, Tianjin wound is thirsty, and interior heat is quenched one's thirst, blood deficiency and constipation. Select lily to be because its taste is sweet, cold. The thoughts of returning home, lung channel. Function Yin nourishing and lung moistening, clearing away the heart fire and tranquillizing. For deficiency of Yin chronic cough, blood-stained sputum, dysphoria palpitation with fear, insomnia and dreamful sleep, absent-minded. Select the fruit of Chinese wolfberry to be because its taste is sweet, flat. Return liver, kidney channel. Function tonification liver kidney, benefiting shrewd head. Lose for consumptive disease essence, soreness of waist and knee joint, dizzy tinnitus, interior heat is quenched one's thirst, and the deficiency of blood is sallow, and blurred vision is not clear.

Detailed description of the invention

The drug dose of component of the present invention is also that inventor draws through groping in a large number to sum up, and the consumption of each component all has good curative effect within the scope of following weight:

Hawthorn	9-1515 grams	Bittersweet	25-5030 grams	Divine Comedy	5.5-1414 grams
						Rabdosia rubescens	50-8055 grams	Fructus Hordei Germinatus	9-1515 grams	Dried lacquer	2.4-6.56.5 gram
Rice sprout	9-1515 grams	Radish seed	4.5-1413 grams	Chinese trumpet creeper	5-1313 grams
						The membrane of a chicken's gizzard	3-1313 grams	Gadfly	1.5-55 grams	Orange peel	3-1413 grams
Leech	1.5-55 grams	French beans	9-1716 grams	Rose	1.5-99 grams
						Date	6-1515 grams	Semen litchi	4.5-1513 grams	Maltose	50-8055 grams
Rhizoma cyperi	6-1513 grams	Honey	15-3025 grams	The root of three-nerved spicebush	3-1413 grams
						Saline cistanche	6-1514 grams	Lotus seeds	6-1514 grams	Thizoma curculiginis	3-1313 grams
Mung bean	25-5033 grams	The seed of Chinese dodder	6-1515 grams	Sword bean	4.5-1513 grams
						Donkey-hide gelatin	3-1313 grams	Arillus longan	9-1515 grams	Mulberries	9-1515 grams
Lily	6-1614 grams	The fruit of Chinese wolfberry	6-1614 grams.

Be preferably:

The preparation method of medicine of the present invention is as follows

One, get the raw materials ready

1, hawthorn: gather when fruit maturation autumn, section, dry,

2, bittersweet: this product is Solanaceae activity of Solanum Lyratum Thunb, is used as medicine with herb or root, and Xia Qiu gathers, cleans, dries or using fresh herb,

3, Divine Comedy: for after the medicines such as polygonum flaccidum, sweet wormwood, almond add flour or wheat bran mixed, the herbal leaven forming through fermentation,

4, Rabdosia rubescens: the Labiatae Rabdosia plant fork of cracking rice, be used as medicine with complete stool,

5, Fructus Hordei Germinatus: this product is that the ripening fruits of grass barley is dried and obtains through germinateing, and after wheat is soaked in water, keeps suitable temperature, humidity, in the time that young shoot grows to approximately 0.5 centimetre, dries or low temperature drying,

6, dried lacquer: this product is the resin of the Anacardiaceae Rhus plant lacquer tree dry product after processing, and general collection contained the paint slag staying at the bottom of lacquerware tool, dry,

7, rice sprout: this product is that the ripening fruits of grass grain is dried and obtains through germinateing, and after grain paddy is soaked in water, keeps suitable temperature, humidity, in the time that fibrous root grows to approximately 6 millimeters, dries or low temperature drying,

8, radish seed: this product is the dry mature seed of crucifer radish, tap plant when fruit maturation summer, dries, and rubs seed, and remove impurity, then dry,

9, Chinese trumpet creeper: summer, Qiu Erji spend while blooming and gather, dry, root is adopted spring and autumn, cleans, and section is dried,

10, the membrane of a chicken's gizzard: this product is the dry inner wall of sandbag of Phasianidae animal man chicken, kills after chicken, takes out chicken gizzard, peels immediately while hot inwall (first do not wash with water, otherwise difficulty being peeled off and easily fragmentation), cleaning, drying,

11, gadfly: Xia Qiu catches female worm, pinches its head lethal, and dry or dry in the shade,

12, orange peel: for the pericarp of the multiple tangerine classes such as rutaceae tangerine produced in fujian province or Zhu's tangerine, after October, pluck ripening fruits, strip pericarp, dry in the shade or dry,

13, leech: summer, Qiu Erji catch, boiling hot dead with boiling water, dry or low temperature drying,

14, French beans: for the white seed of legume French beans, in the Beginning of Winter of around, win ripe pod, dry, get seed, then shine to absolutely dry,

15, rose: this product is the dry flower of rosaceous plant rose, the end of spring and the beginning of summer gathers when flower is by opening in batches, low temperature drying in time,

16, date: this product is the dry mature fruit of Rhamnaceae jujube jujube, gather when fruit maturation autumn, dries. Its root, bark are also used as medicine, can adopt at any time,

17, semen litchi: this product is the dry mature seed of sapindaceous plant lichee, plucks ripening fruits summer, removes pericarp and meat aril, cleans, dry,

18, maltose: processed goods, by rice or other starch materials, after dipping cooks, add Fructus Hordei Germinatus, make its fermentation, then add water and decoct, all sugars of stripping, filtering slag, concentrated, maltose, this product have soft or hard point, medicinal taking fondant as good,

19, rhizoma cyperi: this product is the dry rhizome of sedge nutgrass flatsedge, and excavate autumn, sing the hair must, put in boiling water, slightly boil or steam after dry, or burn and directly dry afterwards,

20, honey: the honey that this product is made for Apidae insect apis cerana, gather spring to autumn, filter,

21, the root of three-nerved spicebush: this product is the dried root of the canella root of three-nerved spicebush, and all can excavate the whole year, removes radicula, cleans, and takes advantage of fresh slices, and dry, or directly dry,

22, saline cistanche: the fleshy stem of the dry zone scale leaf that this product is orobanchaceae plant cistanche, more than excavating when seedling is not unearthed or has just been unearthed spring, remove inflorescence, segment, dries,

23, lotus seeds: the dry mature seed that this product is nymphaeaceae plant lotus, person claims lotus-seed kernel to remove lotus nut, taps lotus pod autumn when fruit maturation, takes out fruit, removes pericarp, dry,

24, thizoma curculiginis: this product is the dry rhizome of amrallid thizoma curculiginis, autumn, two seasons of winter excavate, and remove root head and fibrous root, cleaning, drying,

25, mung bean: pulse family Phaseolus plant mung bean, be used as medicine with seed,

26, the seed of Chinese dodder: the dry mature seed that this product is convolvulus cuscuta plant, the plant of gathering when fruit maturation autumn, dries, and lays seed, removes impurity,

27, sword bean: this product is dry mature seed, shell and the root of legume sword bean, the ripening fruits of gathering autumn, strips seed, dries,

28, donkey-hide gelatin: this product be the skin of equine species donkey through decocting, the concentrated solid gum of making,

29, arillus longan: this product is the aril of Sapindaceae Euphoria plant longan, summer, the Qiu Erji ripening fruits of gathering, dry, except shelling, core, shine to dry and comfortable glutinous,

30, mulberries: this product is the dry fruit ear of moraceae plants mulberry, gathers when 4～June, fruit reddened, dry, or dry after slightly steaming,

31, lily: excavate autumn, cleans, and strips scale leaf, puts in boiling water and slightly scalds, dry,

32, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry: this product is the dry mature fruit of plant of Solanaceae lycium barbarum, summer, autumn gather when two seasons, fruit took on a red color, and hot-air seasoning, removes carpopodium. Or dry in the air to rhicnosis, dry, remove carpopodium,

Two, preparation

1, by twice of the hawthorn of described weight, bittersweet, Divine Comedy, Rabdosia rubescens, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, dried lacquer, rice sprout, radish seed, Chinese trumpet creeper, the membrane of a chicken's gizzard, gadfly, orange peel, leech, French beans, rose, date, semen litchi, maltose, rhizoma cyperi, honey, the root of three-nerved spicebush, saline cistanche, lotus seeds, thizoma curculiginis, mung bean, the seed of Chinese dodder, sword bean, donkey-hide gelatin, arillus longan, mulberries, lily, fruit of Chinese wolfberry boiling, 8 times of amounts for the first time add water, intense fire decocts boiling 10 minutes, use again slow fire boiling 25 minutes, filter to obtain decoction liquor for the first time;

2, the dregs of a decoction after filtering are for the first time added water 6 times and measured, intense fire decocts boiling, then uses slow fire boiling 20 minutes, filters to obtain decoction liquor for the second time;

3, merge twice decoction liquor, intense fire boils, then within 10 minutes, obtains liquid with slow fire boiling, is divided into four doses and takes.

Medicine of the present invention has clearing heat and detoxicating, rises positive expelling pathogenic factors from muscles and skin, and loose cold function of dispeling the wind, is used for the treatment of cancer of the stomach instant effect, good effect, does not recur.

Further set forth below the beneficial effect of medicine of the present invention by test example, these tests comprise animal toxicity test and the clinical observation on the therapeutic effect test of medicine of the present invention.

The animal toxicity test of [test example 1] medicine of the present invention

Get 30 of West Germany rabbits, male and female dual-purpose, body weight 2.0-2.5kg, divides two groups, and 15 every group, wherein one group is overdose test group, and another group is normal amount test group. Overdose test group is 25ml/kg, and normal amount is 10ml/kg, and administering mode is gastric infusion, and every day, secondary, serve on 7 days, observes administration reaction every day, and result shows that two groups of rabbit activities, diet are normal, and medicine is without bad toxic and side effect.

The clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of [test example 2] medicine of the present invention

1, physical data

Accept out-patient's totally 36 examples for medical treatment.

2, diagnostic criteria

Cancer of the stomach is sent out the age more than 50 years old well, and the ratio of men and women's incidence of disease is 2:1. Incidence gastric cancer has obvious region difference, is evident as height in northwest and the coastal region in east China incidence gastric cancer rate of China than southern area. In the long-term edible crowd who smokes roasting, salted food, the gastric distal end carcinoma incidence of disease is high; Smoker's incidence gastric cancer danger is high by 50% compared with non-smoker. At the bottom of orifice of the stomach stomach, cancer is easily invaded and LEP, and gastric cancer can infiltrate to duodenum.Lymph Node MetastasisIt is the main route of metastasis of cancer of the stomach

3, methods for the treatment of

Select above-mentioned medicament, take to patient, every twice-daily, each potion, takes 20 days continuously.

4, efficacy assessment standard

Effective: the recovery from illness of cancer of the stomach symptom, recovers normal.

Take a turn for the better: cancer of the stomach symptom alleviates, progressively take a turn for the better.

Invalid: not reach improvement standard person.

5, treatment results (seeing the following form)

In above-mentioned treatment, by medicine treatment patients with gastric cancer of the present invention 36 examples, effective 33 examples of result, obvious effective rate is 91.67%, 2 examples that take a turn for the better, and improvement rate is 5.55%, invalid 1 example, total effective rate is 97.22%.

Claims

1. the drug dose of component of the present invention is also that inventor draws through groping in a large number to sum up, and the consumption of each component all has good curative effect within the scope of following weight:

Be preferably:

The preparation method of medicine of the present invention is as follows

One, get the raw materials ready

1, hawthorn: gather when fruit maturation autumn, section, dry,

16, date: this product is the dry mature fruit of Rhamnaceae jujube jujube, gather when fruit maturation autumn, dries, and its root, bark are also used as medicine, can adopt at any time,

32, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry: this product is the dry mature fruit of plant of Solanaceae lycium barbarum, summer, autumn gather when two seasons, fruit took on a red color, and hot-air seasoning, removes carpopodium, or dries in the air to rhicnosis, dries, and removes carpopodium,

Two, preparation