CN105596293A - 一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105596293A
CN105596293A CN201610064313.2A CN201610064313A CN105596293A CN 105596293 A CN105596293 A CN 105596293A CN 201610064313 A CN201610064313 A CN 201610064313A CN 105596293 A CN105596293 A CN 105596293A
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王柏
刘蒙蒙
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Abstract

本发明公布了一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法。以尼莫地平为模型药物,以泊洛沙姆188和吐温80为稳定剂,采用超声共沉淀联合高压均质法制得脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂。粒径为200~230nm,多分散系数为0.24±0.056,Zeta电位为(-23.8±1.05)mV。该纳米混悬剂是利用泊洛沙姆和吐温联合作稳定剂并达到脑靶向给药作用。

Description

一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
尼莫地平为第二代1,4-二氢吡啶类钙离子拮抗剂,于80年代由德国拜耳公司合成。分子式为C21H26N2O7,分子量为418.45。该药极难溶于水,脂溶性很强。其药理作用在于尼莫地平能有效调节细胞内钙离子的水平,在脑缺血(即钙离子超载)情况下能抑制细胞外钙离子内流,使细胞保持正常的生理功能。体内实验研究表明,尼莫地平能选择性的作用于脑血管,能显著扩张脑血管,改善脑缺血后再灌注,预防脑缺血后血管痉挛。因此尼莫地平是扩张脑血管作用和抗脑血管痉挛作用最强的钙通道拮抗剂。
临床上主要应用于治疗缺血性脑血管疾病、蛛网膜下腔出血引起的脑血管痉挛、突发性耳聋、偏头痛等症。此外,尼莫地平对中枢神经系统的保护作用已有不少的研究报道,如有促进记忆的作用,能用于防治老年性痴呆症(AD)。
尼莫地平临床应用广泛,但其为水难溶性药物,溶解度小和较强的肝首过作用使其口服生物利用度很低(仅为2.7%~27.9%),且其生物半衰期(0.5~1h)短,需频繁用药,不仅使用不方便,而且可使血药浓度出现“峰谷”现象,引起毒副作用。因此提高尼莫地平的溶出度,制备具有较高生物利用度的尼莫地平制剂具有一定的临床意义。
纳米混悬剂系采用少量表面活性剂稳定纯药物粒子所形成的一种亚微米胶体分散体系。纳米混悬剂药物颗粒粒径小于1μm,多数在150~800nm范围内,药物的相对表面积大,大大提高了药物的溶出速率,有效解决了药物溶解度低的问题。而且,纳米混悬剂中表面活性剂的含量较少,大大降低了注射给药时表面活性剂所造成的刺激性和毒副作用。与纳米载体药物相比,纳米混悬剂具有以下特点:(1)可改变药物的晶型,增加药物中无定型态晶型的比例或完全转换成无定型态,提高药物的溶解度。(2)不受包封率的制约,药物剂量调整范围宽。由于将药物直接纳米化,无需借助载体材料,因此不存在包封率及载药量的障碍,容易满足临床需求,大剂量药物(治疗剂量>500mg)亦可制备成纳米制剂。(3)剂型多样化,纳米混悬液通过喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥或流化床干燥可进一步固化,制备成片剂、胶囊等固体制剂或冻干粉等注射剂型。(4)纳米粒径精确可控,粒径大小是纳米制剂的重要参数,由于药物自身纳米化,实测的粒径即为药物粒子的粒径,可真实反映纳米化药物的粒子大小。(5)制备方法具有通用性,操作简单,易于工业化大生产,常规设备如高压均质机、高压微射流或湿磨机均可以制备纳米混悬剂药物,其制备工艺简单,适合于大工业生产。
泊洛沙姆和吐温能选择性地吸附血浆蛋白(尤其是载脂蛋白B、E和A-1),使纳米混悬剂具有低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的特征,进而与脑微血管内皮细胞(BMEC)上的低密度脂蛋白受体(LDL-R)相互作用,最终被BBB内皮细胞内吞或跨细胞转运而穿越BBB进入脑部。此外,在受体介导的药物跨越BBB的过程中,紧密连接的暂时性开放或P-gp外排的抑制可能同时发生,具有协同作用,提高在脑内的积累量。本研究以泊洛沙姆188和吐温80作稳定剂和靶向载体,提高药物生物利用度的同时达到靶向,用药量减少而疗效增强。
发明内容
本发明针对尼莫地平溶解度低,生物利用度差,药物的生物半衰期较短,需要频繁给药,而且肝脏首过效应严重等问题,设计了一种脑靶向材料稳定的尼莫地平纳米混悬剂,利用泊洛沙姆与吐温联合将药物运送到脑部,实现靶向给药。
本发明提供了以泊洛沙姆188联合吐温80为靶向材料的尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,具体制备过程是:
(1)将药物溶解于有机溶剂中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解。
(2)将靶向稳定剂溶解于水中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解。
(3)在冰浴超声条件下,采用注射器药物溶液缓慢注入到含稳定剂的水溶液中,超声一定时间。
(4)45℃旋转蒸发去除有机溶剂,得到粗纳米混悬剂。
(5)将上述样品在冰浴条件下,采用高压均质法处理,即得尼莫地平脑靶向纳米混悬剂。
其中,步骤(1)中药物为尼莫地平,但不局限于此,药物还可以是可用于治疗脑瘤、脑炎等脑部疾病的其他药物。
有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、氯仿、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯之一或任意组合的有机溶剂,综合考察所制得的纳米混悬剂粒径,有机溶剂的毒性等因素,本发明最终决定采用乙醇为有机溶剂。
步骤(2)中稳定剂可以是各种型号的泊洛沙姆,磷脂,吐温,十二烷基硫酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等具有表面活性的稳定剂,本发明最终选择具有靶向性的稳定剂泊洛沙姆188与吐温80。
水溶液可选自去离子水、0.9%氯化钠水溶液或者磷酸盐缓冲液中的任意一种,本发明采用去离子水。
处方中药物与稳定剂的质量比在1∶1~1∶10,优选为3∶8,药物与有机溶剂的质量体积比为50∶1~1∶20,优选为30∶1。
步骤(3)中超声细胞破碎仪的超声强度为200~800W,超声时间为5~25分钟,更优选为400W超声10分钟。
步骤(5)中高压均质机的均质压力为200~1500bar,均质次数为5~25次,更优选为500bar均质4次后再以900bar压力均质15次。
本发明的优点在于:
(1)尼莫地平在水中的溶解度很低,生物利用度差,很难通过静脉注射给药。本发明采用超声共沉淀联合高压均质法制备。药物的重结晶过程在超声条件下进行,保证所得到的粒径更加均匀。与直接采用均质法相比,达到相同粒径要求所需的均质压力更低,循环次数更少,对仪器的磨损程度更小。
(2)本发明的制备方法对仪器设备要求不高,工艺过程简单,可进行放大工业化生产,具有良好的应用前景。
(3)本发明采用泊洛沙姆188联合吐温80为稳定剂,提高了所制备纳米混悬剂的稳定性,泊洛沙姆188和吐温80均可主动靶向脑部,提高了脑部的药量,降低了药物对其他器官的毒副作用,改善了药物的治疗效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的尼莫地平脑靶向纳米混悬剂的粒径分布图。
图2为高压均质压力对尼莫地平脑靶向纳米混悬剂粒径的影响。
图3为超声功率对尼莫地平脑靶向纳米混悬剂粒径的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施实例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围不局限于此。
实施例1:
脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂的制备:精密称取60mg尼莫地平,溶于2mL乙醇中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得溶液A。精密称取100mg泊洛沙姆188和60mg吐温80溶解于50mL水中,磁力搅拌至完全溶解,得溶液B。在冰浴超声条件下,用注射器将溶液A缓慢注入到溶液B中,400W超声10分钟。45℃旋转蒸发去除乙醇,将所得粗纳米混悬剂置于高压均质机中,0℃,均质条件为500bar均质4次后再以900bar压力均质15次,即得脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂。测定粒径大小为204.2nm,多分散系数为0.24,Zeta电位为-23.9mV。
实施例2:
本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于:尼莫地平的用量为30mg。测定纳米混悬剂粒径大小为336.8nm,多分散系数为0.24,Zeta电位为-25.0mV。
实施例3:
本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于:均质条件为500bar均质4次后再以700bar压力均质15次。测定纳米混悬剂粒径大小为229.2nm,多分散系数为0.26,Zeta电位为-22.6mV。
实施例4:
本实施例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于:超声条件为300W超声10分钟。测定纳米混悬剂粒径大小为228.2nm,多分散系数为0.23,Zeta电位为-23.6mV。

Claims (7)

1.一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:该靶向纳米混悬剂处方包含药物,靶向稳定剂及注射用水;制备工艺包括:(1)将药物溶解于有机溶剂中,在冰浴超声条件下缓慢注入含靶向稳定剂的水溶液中,超声一定时间;(2)旋转蒸发去除有机溶剂;(3)将(2)中所得粗混悬剂采用高压均质法处理,即得脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:药物为尼莫地平,但不局限于此,药物还可以是可用于治疗脑瘤、脑炎等脑部疾病的其他药物。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:制备工艺(1)中的有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、氯仿、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯之一或任意组合,优选为乙醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:制备工艺(1)中稳定剂可以是各种型号的泊洛沙姆、磷脂、吐温、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等具有表面活性的稳定剂,优选为泊洛沙姆188与吐温80联合,起双重协同作用。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:制备工艺(1)中药物与稳定剂的质量比在1∶1~1∶10,优选为3∶8,药物与有机溶剂的质量体积比为50∶1~1∶20,优选为30∶1。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:制备工艺(1)中的超声强度为200~800W,优选为400W,超声时间为5~20分钟,优选为10分钟。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种脑靶向尼莫地平纳米混悬剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:制备工艺(3)中的高压均质压力为200~1500bar,优选为500bar均质4次后再以900bar压力均质,均质次数为5~25次,优选为15次。
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Application publication date: 20160525