CN105580568B - Corn threshing experimental rig - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a corn threshing test device, which can test various parameters of the threshing parts in the corn grain harvester, and guide the improvement and design of the threshing parts in the existing corn grain harvester according to the test results. It includes a frame, a threshing device, a vibrating screen, a grain receiving hopper and a cleaning structure; one end of the threshing device is hinged to the frame, and the other end is connected to the frame through a first angle adjustment device; one end of the vibrating screen is hinged to the frame, and the other end The second angle adjustment device is connected to the frame, including the vibrating screen bracket, the vibrating screen assembly, the rocker arm assembly and the vibrating assembly. The arm assembly is installed on the vibrating screen bracket; the grain receiving hopper is located on the lower side of the vibrating screen.

Description

Corn threshing test device

technical field

The invention relates to a corn threshing test device, which belongs to the field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

Corn is the largest food crop in my country. The summer sown corn in my country is mainly concentrated in the Huanghuaihai region, which is the most concentrated corn production area in my country. The sown area is about 160 million mu, accounting for more than 30% of the total corn area in the country. This area adopts the planting mode of two crops a year, and large-scale contiguous planting, which is relatively easy to realize mechanized combined harvesting operations. The corn grain harvester can complete corn ear picking, peeling, and threshing at one time, changing the current two-time operation mode of harvesting ears with a corn harvester and then threshing with a corn threshing machine, which can save procedures, save labor and effort, and reduce costs. Reduce production costs and increase farmers' income. However, at present, the summer corn harvesting machinery in my country is mainly for ear picking, and the application of grain harvesting machinery is seldom. This is mainly due to the high grain moisture content of summer maize when it is harvested, and the high grain breakage rate, grain loss rate and grain impurity content rate during threshing. At present, there are still very few test equipment for various parameters such as the concave plate gap, drum speed, vibrating screen angle, and fan speed in corn threshing parts.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a corn threshing test device, which can test the parameters of the threshing parts in the corn grain harvester, and guide the improvement and design of the threshing parts in the existing corn grain harvester according to the test results, so as to improve the corn grain harvest level of mechanization.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

A corn threshing test device, including a frame, a threshing device, a vibrating screen, a grain receiving hopper and a cleaning structure; frame connection, including threshing bracket, threshing drum and threshing motor. The threshing motor is installed on the threshing frame, and the threshing drum is connected to the threshing motor; The angle adjustment device is connected with the frame, including vibrating screen bracket, vibrating screen assembly, rocker arm assembly and vibrating assembly. One end of the vibrating screen assembly is installed on the vibrating screen bracket through the bearing on the transmission shaft, and the other end is installed through the rocker arm assembly. On the vibrating screen bracket, the vibrating component includes the vibrating screen motor and the rocker link. The vibrating screen motor is connected to one end of the rocker link through the vibration transmission unit, and the other end of the rocker link is connected to the transmission shaft; the grain receiving bucket is located at the lower end of the vibrating screen. One side, and installed on the frame; the cleaning structure is installed on the frame, including the fan motor and the cleaning fan connected with the fan motor, and the cleaning fan is connected with the vibrating screen assembly.

Further, the first angle adjustment device includes a first adjustment screw, a first bracket shaft and a first adjustment nut, one end of the first adjustment screw is hinged on the frame, and the other end is connected to the first bracket shaft through the first adjustment nut, The first support rotating shaft is connected with the threshing support through bolts and connecting plates.

Further, the threshing drum includes a feeding hopper, a drum body, an upper cover plate, a lower grid screen, a lower punching screen and a deflector; the feeding hopper and the deflector are distributed at both ends of the drum body; the feeding hopper and the upper cover plate are connected to the The lower grid screen and the lower punching screen are detachably connected as one; the upper cover plate, the lower grid screen and the lower punching screen are wrapped on the peripheral surface of the drum; the upper cover plate and the lower grid screen and the upper cover plate and the lower There is an adjustment plate between the punching screens, and the drum body is connected to the threshing motor through a transmission mechanism, which is a chain sprocket assembly.

Furthermore, one end surface of the drum body is evenly provided with a plurality of core row boards along the circumferential direction, the other end surface is provided with spiral rod blocks, and the surface of the middle part of the drum body is provided with spiral threshing rods.

Further, the second angle adjustment device includes a second adjustment screw, a second bracket shaft and a second adjustment nut, one end of the second adjustment screw is hinged on the frame, and the other end passes through the second adjustment nut to connect with the second bracket shaft, The rotating shaft of the second support is connected with the support of the vibrating screen through bolts and pull plates.

Further, the vibrating screen assembly includes a vibrating screen box, a grain connection plate, an upper sieve plate, a lower sieve plate and a bottom sieve. Sealing plates are installed on the upper ends of both sides of the vibrating sieve box. The plate is installed on the vibrating screen box, the upper sieve plate and the lower sieve plate are arranged in the guide rails in sequence, the bottom sieve is fixed on the vibrating screen box, and is located below the grain connecting plate, the upper sieve plate and the lower sieve plate, the upper sieve There are circular sieve holes on the plate, the lower sieve plate and the bottom sieve.

Further, the rocker link includes a connecting rod and a rocker rod, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the vibrating screen motor through the vibration transmission unit, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the rocker rod, and the other end of the rocker rod is fixed on the transmission shaft; the vibration transmission The unit includes a sprocket connected with the vibrating screen motor, an eccentric sprocket located under the vibrating screen motor, and a chain connecting the sprocket and the eccentric sprocket.

Further, it also includes a conveying device, the conveying device includes a conveyor bracket, a conveying motor and a conveyor, the conveying motor is installed on the conveyor bracket, and the conveyor is connected through a chain sprocket assembly, the upper end of the conveyor is connected to the feeding hopper, and the conveyor The lower end is installed in the clamping plate of the conveyor bracket, the upper part of the conveyor is connected with the pull rod, and the other end of the pull rod is connected with the conveyor bracket.

Further, the conveyor is a plate conveyor.

Further, the threshing motor, fan motor, vibrating screen motor and conveying motor are all frequency conversion motors.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The adjustment plate setting can adjust the gap between the drum body and the lower grid screen and the lower punching screen; the threshing motor, fan motor and vibrating screen motor are all frequency conversion motors, and the threshing drum speed, fan speed and vibrating screen vibration frequency can be adjusted according to The experiment is flexible and adjustable. The threshing support is designed with a first angle adjustment device, so that the angle between the threshing device and the horizontal plane can be easily adjusted. The vibrating screen bracket is designed with a second angle adjustment device, so that the angle between the vibrating screen and the horizontal plane can be easily adjusted. Through the above structure, Experiments can be carried out on various parameters of the threshing parts in the corn grain harvester, and the improvement and design of the threshing parts in the existing corn grain harvester can be guided according to the test results, so as to improve the mechanization level of corn grain harvesting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of corn threshing test device;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the threshing drum;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a vibrating screen;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a drum body;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrating screen assembly.

Among them, 1. threshing device, 2. first support shaft, 3. first adjusting screw, 4. second pin shaft, 5. rack, 6. large caster, 7. supporting base, 8. vibrating screen, 9. Grain hopper, 10. Eccentric sprocket, 11. Vibrating screen motor, 12. Connecting rod, 13. Fan motor, 14. Rocker lever, 15. Cleaning fan, 16. Second support shaft, 17. Second adjustment Screw rod, 18. first pin shaft, 19. conveyor bracket, 20. pull rod, 21. conveyor, 22. conveying motor, 23. castor, 24. pallet, 25. threshing bracket, 26. feeding hopper, 27 . Upper cover plate, 28. Threshing motor, 29. Drum body, 30. Lower grid screen, 31. Adjusting plate, 32. Lower punching screen, 33. Deflector plate, 34. Connecting plate, 35. Pulling plate, 36. Vibrating screen bracket, 37. Belt seat bearing, 38. Transmission shaft, 39. Vibrating screen assembly, 40. Rocker arm assembly, 41. Striped rod block, 42. Threshing rod, 43. Core row plate, 44. Grain connection Plate, 45. upper sieve plate, 46. guide rail, 47. vibrating screen box, 48. sealing plate, 49. lower sieve plate, 50. bottom sieve.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following is only exemplary and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

With reference to accompanying drawing 1, a kind of corn threshing test device comprises frame 5, threshing device 1, vibrating screen 8, grain receiving hopper 9, cleaning structure and conveying device, threshing device 1, vibrating screen 8, receiving grain hopper 9, The grain receiving hopper 9 and the cleaning structure are all installed on the frame 5, the threshing device 1 is located above the frame 5, and is arranged obliquely below the frame 5 and below the threshing device, and the grain receiving hopper 9 is located on the lower side of the vibrating screen 8 , the delivery device is located on one side of the frame 5.

The frame 5 is welded by section steel, and the bottom is provided with large casters 6 and a supporting base 7, which are convenient for the movement and regulation of the whole corn threshing test device.

With reference to accompanying drawing 2, threshing device 1 comprises threshing support 25, threshing cylinder and threshing motor 28, and one end of threshing support 25 is hinged with frame 5 by first bearing pin 18, and the other end is connected with frame 5 through first angle adjustment device, The first angle adjusting device comprises a first adjusting screw rod 3, a first bracket rotating shaft 2 and a first adjusting nut, one end of the first adjusting screw rod 3 is hinged on the frame 5, and the other end passes through the first adjusting nut and the first bracket rotating shaft 2 Connect, the first support rotating shaft 2 is connected with threshing support 25 through bolt and connecting plate 34; Threshing motor 28 is installed on the threshing support 25;

With reference to accompanying drawing 2, threshing drum comprises feeding hopper 26, drum body 29, upper cover plate 27, lower grizzly screen 30, lower punching screen 32 and deflector 33; Feeding hopper 26 and deflector 33 are distributed in drum body The two ends of 29 are respectively used for feeding and discharging; the feeding hopper 26 and the upper cover plate 27 are detachably connected with the lower grid screen 30 and the lower punching screen 32 through bolts and nuts; the upper cover plate 27, the lower grid The sieve 30 and the lower punching screen 32 are wrapped on the outer peripheral surface of the drum body 29; an adjustment plate 31 is arranged between the upper cover plate 27 and the lower grid screen 30 and the upper cover plate 27 and the lower punching screen 32, by adjusting the adjustment plate 31 thickness, the gap between the drum body 29 and the lower grid screen 30 and the lower punching screen 32 can be adjusted; the drum body 29 is connected to the threshing motor 28 through a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is a chain sprocket assembly.

With reference to accompanying drawing 4, one end surface of the drum body 29 is evenly provided with a plurality of core row plates 43 along the circumferential direction, and the other end surface is provided with a spiral rod block 41, and the surface of the middle part of the drum body 29 is provided with a spiral The threshing rod 42.

With reference to accompanying drawing 3, vibrating screen 8 comprises vibrating screen bracket 36, vibrating screen assembly 39, rocker arm assembly 40 and vibrating assembly; Vibrating screen bracket 36 one end is hinged with frame 5 by second pin 4, and the other end is through second angle. The adjustment device is connected with the frame 5, and the second angle adjustment device includes a second adjustment screw 17, a second support shaft 16 and a second adjustment nut, one end of the second adjustment screw 17 is hinged on the frame 5, and the other end passes through the second adjustment screw 17. The adjusting nut is connected with the second bracket rotating shaft 16, and the second bracket rotating shaft 16 is connected with the vibrating screen bracket 25 through bolts and pull plates 35; one end of the vibrating screen assembly 39 is installed on the vibrating screen bracket 36 through the bearing 37 on the transmission shaft 38 , the other end is installed on the vibrating screen bracket 36 via the rocker arm assembly 40; the vibrating screen assembly includes the vibrating screen motor 11 and the rocker arm connecting rod, the vibrating screen motor 11 is connected to one end of the rocker arm connecting rod through the vibration transmission unit, and the other end of the rocker arm connecting rod Connect the transmission shaft 38; the rocker link includes a connecting rod 12 and a rocker rod 14, one end of the connecting rod 12 is connected to the vibrating screen motor 11 through a vibration transmission unit, the other end of the connecting rod 12 is connected with the rocker rod 14, and the rocker rod 14 is connected to the other end of the rocker rod 14. One end is fixed on the transmission shaft 37; the vibration transmission unit includes a sprocket connected to the vibrating screen motor 11, an eccentric sprocket 10 located below the vibrating screen motor 11 and a chain connecting the sprocket and the eccentric sprocket 10.

With reference to accompanying drawing 5, vibrating screen assembly 39 comprises vibrating screen box body 47, grain receiving plate 44, upper sieve plate 45, lower sieve plate 49 and bottom sieve 50, and sealing plate 48 is installed on the upper end of vibrating screen box body 47 both sides, vibrates The sieve box 47 is provided with a guide rail 46, the grain connecting plate 44 is connected to the vibrating screen box 47 by bolts, the upper sieve plate 45 and the lower sieve plate 49 are arranged in the guide rail 46 in turn, and the bottom sieve 50 is fixed on the vibrating screen box 47, and located below the grain-connecting plate 44, the upper sieve plate 45 and the lower sieve plate 49, the upper sieve plate 45, the lower sieve plate 49 and the bottom sieve 50 have circular sieve holes, the upper sieve plate 45 and the lower sieve plate The diameter of the circular sieve hole above the plate 49 is 18 mm, and the diameter of the circular sieve hole above the bottom sieve 50 is 5 mm.

With reference to accompanying drawing 1, conveying device comprises conveyer support 19, conveying motor 22 and conveyer 21; Conveyor support 19 is formed by welded section steel, and caster 23 and support base 7 are installed at the bottom, is convenient to adjust conveyer and conveyer support The distance between 19 is fixed; the conveying motor 22 is installed on the conveyor bracket 19, and is connected to the conveyor 21 through the chain sprocket assembly; In the clamping plate 24 , the upper part of the conveyor 21 is connected with the pull rod 20 , and the other end of the pull rod 20 is connected with the conveyor bracket 19 .

In this embodiment, the cleaning structure is installed on the vibrating screen bracket 36 , including a fan motor 13 and a cleaning fan 15 connected to the fan motor 13 , and the cleaning fan 15 communicates with the vibrating screen assembly 39 .

In this embodiment, the conveyor 21 is a plate conveyor, and the threshing motor 28, the fan motor 13, the vibrating screen motor 11 and the conveying motor 22 are all variable frequency motors.

Working principle and process of the present invention are:

The present invention adopts multi-component connection, and it realizes the adjustment of various factors by setting different adjustment mechanisms among the various components. Specifically: the threshing support 25 is designed with a first angle adjustment device, so that the angle between the threshing device 1 and the horizontal plane can be adjusted conveniently; The adjustment of the rotating speed; there is an adjustment plate 31 between the upper cover plate 27 of the threshing drum and the lower grid screen 30 and the upper cover plate 27 and the lower punching screen 32. By adjusting the thickness of the adjustment plate 31, the drum body 29 and the lower grid The gap between the grid screen 30 and the lower punching screen 32; the vibrating screen bracket 36 is designed with a second angle adjustment device, so that the angle between the vibrating screen 8 and the horizontal plane can be adjusted conveniently; the upper sieve plate 45 and the lower sieve plate 49 are separately installed on the In the guide rail 46 of the vibrating screen bracket 36, the diameter of the screen hole can be adjusted by replacing different sieve plates; the power of the vibrating screen 8 is provided by the vibrating screen motor 11 alone, and the vibrating screen motor 11 is a frequency conversion motor. By adjusting the frequency conversion motor, the vibrating screen 9 can be realized. The adjustment of the vibration frequency; the speed of the fan can be adjusted by adjusting the fan motor 13 connected to it. When working, the conveyor 21 transports the ears of corn to the upper outlet of the conveyor 21, and enters the threshing drum through the upper cover plate 27 of the threshing drum. The ears rotate together with the threshing drum and move forward along the axial direction. The threshing rod 42 on the 29 falls off under the impact of the threshing rod 42 and the rubbing effect of the grain rod block 41, and the bract leaves are crushed. The removed corn kernels and crushed bracts fall on the upper sieve plate 45 of the vibrating screen 8 through the grid and sieve holes at the lower part of the threshing drum, and through the vibration of the vibrating sieve 8, the grains and smaller impurities fall through the sieve holes. On the lower sieve plate 49, then fall on the bottom sieve 50, the smaller sundries are discharged from the vibrating sieve 88 through the sieve holes of the bottom sieve 50, and the grains are gradually moved to the back of the vibrating sieve 8 under the vibration of the bottom sieve 50. The grain receiving bucket 9 at the bottom is collected, and the impurities larger than the sieve holes are pushed forward by the upper sieve plate 45, the lower sieve plate 49 and the bottom sieve 50 until they are discharged from the vibrating screen 8. During this process, the cleaning fan The wind force that 15 rotations produces blows out the pulverized bracts on the vibrating screen 8, thereby realizing the cleaning of ear threshing and grain.

The above only describes the basic principle and preferred implementation of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make many changes and improvements according to the above description, and these changes and improvements should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of corn threshing experimental rig, including rack（5）, sheller unit（1）, vibrating screen（8）, connect grain bucket（9）With clean Structure；It is characterized in that：

Sheller unit（1）Positioned at rack（5）Top, sheller unit（1）One end and rack（5）Hinged, the other end is through first angle Adjusting apparatus and rack（5）Connection, including Frame for thresher（25）, threshing cylinder and threshing motor（28）, threshing motor（28）Peace Mounted in Frame for thresher（25）On, threshing cylinder and threshing motor（28）Connection；

Vibrating screen（8）It is obliquely installed in rack（5）Lower section, vibrating screen（8）One end and rack（5）Hinged, the other end is through second jiao Spend adjusting apparatus and rack（5）Connection, including bracket for vibrating screen（36）, vibrating screen assembly（39）, rocker arm assembly（40）And vibration Component, vibrating screen assembly（39）One end passes through transmission shaft（38）On rolling bearing units（37）Mounted on bracket for vibrating screen（36）On, The other end is through rocker arm assembly（40）Mounted on bracket for vibrating screen（36）On, vibration component includes vibrating screen motor（11）Connect with rocking arm Bar, vibrating screen motor（11）Through vibrating gear unit connecting rocker arm connecting rod one end, rocker-arm link other end connection transmission shaft（38）；

Connect grain bucket（9）Positioned at vibrating screen（8）Low side one side, and mounted on rack（5）On；

Structure is cleaned mounted on rack（5）On, including blower motor（13）With with blower motor（13）The cleaning fan of connection （15）, cleaning fan（15）With vibrating screen assembly（39）Connection；

Wherein threshing cylinder includes feeding hopper（26）, barrel（29）, upper cover plate（27）, lower grid screen（30）, lower stamped sieve （32）And deflector（33）；Feeding hopper（26）And deflector（33）It is distributed in barrel（29）Both ends；Feeding hopper（26）And upper cover Plate（27）With lower grid screen（30）And lower stamped sieve（32）It is detachably connected as a whole；Upper cover plate（27）, lower grid screen（30）And Lower stamped sieve（32）It is wrapped in barrel（29）On outer surface；Upper cover plate（27）With lower grid screen（30）And upper cover plate（27）With Lower stamped sieve（32）Between be equipped with adjustment plate（31）, barrel（29）Threshing motor is connected through transmission mechanism（28）, transmission mechanism For chain sprocket component；Barrel（29）Polylith row's core plate is along the circumferential direction uniformly provided on end surface（43）, other end table Rasp bar block is set on face in the shape of a spiral（41）, barrel（29）The surface of center section is equipped with spiral threshing bar（42）.

2. corn threshing experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First angle adjusting apparatus includes first and adjusts Save screw rod（3）, first support shaft（2）With the first adjusting nut, the first adjusting screw rod（2）One end is hinged on rack（5）On, separately One end passes through the first adjusting nut and first support shaft（2）Connection, first support shaft（2）Through bolt and connecting plate（34）With Frame for thresher（25）Connection.

3. corn threshing experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Second angle adjusting apparatus includes second and adjusts Save screw rod（17）, second support shaft（16）With the second adjusting nut, the second adjusting screw rod（17）One end is hinged on rack（5） On, the other end passes through the second adjusting nut and second support shaft（16）Connection, second support shaft（16）Through bolt and pulling plate （35）With bracket for vibrating screen（25）Connection.

4. corn threshing experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Vibrating screen assembly（39）Including vibrating screen box Body（47）, connect grain plate（44）, upper sieve plate（45）, lower sieve plate（49）And bottom sieve（50）, vibrating screen babinet（47）It installs both sides upper end There is sealing plate（48）, vibrating screen babinet（47）It is equipped with guide rail（46）, connect grain plate（44）Mounted on vibrating screen babinet（47）On, on Sieve plate（45）And lower sieve plate（49）It is successively set on guide rail（46）It is interior, bottom sieve（50）It is fixed on vibrating screen babinet（47）On, and position In connecing grain plate（44）, upper sieve plate（45）And lower sieve plate（49）Lower section, upper sieve plate（45）, lower sieve plate（49）And bottom sieve（50）Above It is provided with round sieve.

5. corn threshing experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Rocker-arm link includes connecting rod（12）And rocking arm Bar（14）, connecting rod（12）One end is through vibrating gear unit connection vibrating screen motor（11）, connecting rod（12）The other end and rocking lever （14）It is connected, rocking lever（14）The other end is fixed on transmission shaft（37）On；Vibrating gear unit includes and vibrating screen motor（11） The sprocket wheel of connection, positioned at vibrating screen motor（11）The eccentric chain-wheel of lower section（10）With connection sprocket wheel and eccentric chain-wheel（10）Chain Item.

6. according to any one of claim 1 to the 5 corn threshing experimental rig, it is characterised in that：It further includes conveying device, Conveying device includes conveyer stent (19), feeder motor (22) and conveyer (21), and feeder motor (22) is mounted on conveyer On stent (19), and conveyer (21), conveyer (21) upper end connection feeding hopper are connected by chain sprocket component（26）, it is defeated Send the snap-gauge (24) that device (21) lower end is installed on conveyer stent (19) interior, conveyer (21) top and pull rod（20）Phase Even, pull rod（20）The other end is connected with conveyer stent (19).

7. corn threshing experimental rig according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Conveyer（21）For board-like conveyer.

8. corn threshing experimental rig according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Threshing motor（28）, blower motor（13）、 Vibrating screen motor（11）It is variable-frequency motor with feeder motor (22).