CN105575453A - Composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanometer materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials; including a heat source structure, an energy conversion structure and an inert gas pipeline; the heat source structure includes a heat source cavity and a heat source device, and the heat source cavity includes a heat source cavity shell, a heat reflection layer and a pneumatic one-way The valve, the heat source device includes a radiation source, a heat conduction cylinder and a radiation protection layer, the heat source device is packaged and fixed in the heat source cavity; the energy conversion structure includes a piezoelectric energy collection circuit, and nano Wire piezoelectric components, nano-thermoelectric components, nano-wire piezoelectric components are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery through piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits, and the nano-thermoelectric components are directly connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery; the heat source structure and the energy conversion structure are connected by inert gas pipelines; The battery structure is fixed by the inner package, and the surface of the inner package is provided with an outer package layer. It breaks through the technical bottleneck of the traditional dynamic isotope battery, with high energy conversion efficiency, long life, strong applicability, clean and environmental protection.

Description

A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of isotope batteries, and in particular relates to a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials; the invention also relates to a preparation method of a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials.

Background technique

Isotopes whose nuclear composition (or energy state) changes spontaneously while emitting radiation are called radioactive isotopes. Radioactive isotope battery, referred to as isotope battery, is to directly use the radioactive isotope decay to release the electric energy of the ray or use a transducing device to convert the energy of the radioactive isotope decay into electric energy, and output the electric energy to achieve the purpose of power supply . Due to the advantages of long service life, strong environmental adaptability, good working stability, no maintenance, and miniaturization, isotope batteries have been widely used in important fields such as military defense, aerospace navigation, polar exploration, biomedicine, and electronics industry.

Isotope batteries were first proposed by British physicist Henry Mosley in 1913, and the research on isotope batteries has been mainly concentrated in the past 50 years, which can be divided into four categories: ① research on isotope batteries by static radiation heat conversion; ② dynamic thermoelectricity Research on conversion mechanism (dynamic type) isotope battery; ③ research on radiation effect isotope battery; ④ research on other radiation effect conversion mechanism isotope battery. The research results of the above four types of isotope batteries show that the low energy conversion efficiency is still the common feature of current isotope batteries. The development of isotope batteries with static radiative heat conversion is mainly due to the research and development at the national level, especially the design and manufacture of isotope batteries with thermoelectric conversion mechanism is becoming more and more perfect in the United States, but the current isotope batteries with static radiative heat conversion The thermoelectric conversion efficiency is still low, only 4% to 8%, resulting in a significant reduction in its use area and the difficulty in the process of civilian use. Radiation voltaic effect isotope batteries use semiconductor materials as energy conversion units, which can realize the miniaturization of isotope battery devices, expand the application range of isotope batteries, and have achieved certain research results with the rapid development of material science, but radiant volta There is a problem of performance degradation of semiconductor materials under long-term irradiation, which reduces the service life of the radiation-volt effect isotope battery. Compared with the isotope battery of static radiative heat conversion mode and the isotope battery of radiation volt effect, the dynamic isotope battery has higher energy conversion efficiency, making it an important research direction of isotope battery at present, but the traditional dynamic isotope battery has high-speed operating parts Technical bottlenecks such as difficulty in lubrication and inertia vector generated by high-speed rotation affect system stability. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials proposed by the present invention can break through the above-mentioned technical bottleneck of the traditional dynamic isotope battery, and at the same time greatly improve the energy conversion efficiency of the dynamic isotope battery.

Contents of the invention

The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials. This isotope battery can break through the difficulties in lubrication of high-speed running parts in traditional dynamic isotope batteries, and the inertia vector generated by high-speed rotation affects system stability. It has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, large output power, good working stability, and green economy. The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials.

The present invention provides a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials to solve the above-mentioned first technical problem: it includes a heat source structure, an energy conversion structure and an inert gas pipeline; the heat source structure includes a heat source cavity and a heat source device, and the heat source cavity includes The shell of the heat source cavity, the inner surface of the shell of the heat source cavity is provided with a heat reflective layer, the two ends of the shell of the heat source cavity gradually shrink and are connected with an inert gas pipeline through a pneumatic check valve, the heat source device includes a heat conduction cylinder with an interlayer, and the interlayer of the heat conduction cylinder Built-in radiation source, the inner and outer walls of the heat conduction cylinder are equipped with radiation-proof layers, the heat source device is packaged in the heat source device shell, and the outer surface of the heat source device shell is evenly equipped with three fixing brackets, and the heat source device is fixed in the heat source cavity through the fixing brackets with screws On the shell, there is a through hole in the middle of the heat source device; the energy conversion structure includes a nanowire piezoelectric component and a nanothermoelectric component, the nanowire piezoelectric component is fixed on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall, and there are first The electrical output electrode, the nano-thermoelectric component is fixed on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall, and the second electrical output electrode is arranged at both ends of the nano-thermoelectric component; the first electrical output electrode is connected to the input end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit through a wire, and the piezoelectric energy harvesting The circuit output terminal and the second electrical output electrode are respectively connected to the positive pole of the battery and the negative pole of the battery through wires; the heat source cavity and the inert gas pipeline are filled with inert gas, and the inert gas forms a flow circulation in the heat source cavity and the inert gas pipeline; The packaging material fixes and packages the heat source structure, the energy conversion structure and the inert gas pipeline to form an inner package, and the outer surface of the inner package is provided with an outer package layer.

The nanowire piezoelectric assembly consists of eight nanowire piezoelectric units uniformly fixed on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall connected by wires. The nanowire piezoelectric unit includes a first insulating substrate, a nanocomb, a second insulating substrate and a metal Electrode layer; the nanothermoelectric assembly is composed of sixteen nanothermoelectric units uniformly fixed on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall and connected by wires. The nanothermoelectric unit includes a third insulating substrate, a metal conductor, p-type nanothermoelectric elements and n-type nanothermoelectric elements. thermoelectric element.

According to the requirements of the actual working environment, the number of fixed brackets can be increased; according to the actual application of the output voltage and current requirements, the dose of the radioactive source can be adjusted, and the number of nanowire piezoelectric units and nanothermoelectric units can be increased or decreased, optional Nanowire piezoelectric units are connected in series, parallel or series-parallel combination to form nanowire piezoelectric components, and nanothermoelectric units can also be connected in series, parallel or series-parallel combination to form nanothermoelectric components to meet specific parameter requirements .

The material of heat source cavity shell, heat source device shell, fixing bracket, screw and inert gas pipe wall can be 316 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel or 310 stainless steel; the material of heat reflection layer can be Al ₂ O ₃ ; the material of radiation protection layer It can be tantalum alloy, lead film, plexiglass and iron composite material, resin and nano-lead composite material or resin and nano-lead sulfate composite material; the material of the heat conduction cylinder can be BN; the radiation source can be α radiation source: Am-241, Po-210, Pu-238 or Pu-238 oxide, also can be beta radiation source: H-3, Ni-63, Pm-147, Sr-90, Sm-151 or C-14; pneumatic check valve can JKT-420Mpa pneumatic check valve is adopted; the materials of the first insulating substrate, the second insulating substrate and the third insulating substrate are the same, which can be SiO ₂ , silica gel or epoxy resin; the material of the nanocomb can be PbZrTiO ₃ , ZnO or GaN; the metal electrode layer can be Au, Pd, Pt, Al, Cu, Ni or Ti film; the material of the metal conductor can be metal Au, Pd, Pt, Al, Cu, Ni or Ti; piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit The LTC3588-1 type chip can be used; the wire can be GN500 nickel-plated copper core high fire-resistant insulated wire; the material of the p-type nanothermoelectric element can be p-type BiSbTe nanomaterial, p-type SiGe nanomaterial or p-type Bi ₂ Se ₃ nanometer material , The material of n-type nanothermoelectric element can be n-type Yb _x Co ₄ Sb ₁₂ filled skutterudite nanomaterial; the inert gas can be Ar or Ne; the material of inner package can be vinyl polydimethylsiloxane composite material ; The material of the outer packaging layer can be FeNi Kovar alloy.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned second technical problem and adopts a method for preparing a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials, including preparing a heat source structure, preparing an energy conversion structure, assembling a battery structure, filling an inner packaging material and preparing an outer packaging layer, the specific steps are as follows:

(1) Preparation of heat source structure

a. Heated and quenched high-temperature resistant stainless steel is made into the heat source cavity shell of the designed shape;

b. Brushing the heat reflective layer material on the inner surface of the heat source cavity shell to prepare the heat reflective layer;

c. Forge the fixing bracket with high temperature resistant stainless steel, and weld the fixing bracket to the outer surface of the shell of the heat source device;

d. Use screws to fix the heat source device on the shell of the heat source cavity through the fixing bracket;

e. Pneumatic one-way valves are installed at both ends of the shell of the heat source cavity.

(2) Preparation of energy conversion structure

a, making a first insulating substrate, and using a hydrothermal method to synthesize nanowires on the upper surface of the first insulating substrate to prepare a nanocomb;

b. making a second insulating substrate, and preparing a metal thin film on the upper surface of the second insulating substrate by sputtering as a metal electrode layer;

c. Bonding the lower surface of the first insulating substrate and the upper surface of the metal electrode layer with an adhesive to form a nanowire piezoelectric unit;

d. Fixing the nanowire piezoelectric unit on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall with an adhesive to make a nanowire piezoelectric component, and connecting the nanowire piezoelectric unit in series with a wire to make a first electrical output electrode;

e, making a third insulating substrate, connecting the p-type nano-thermoelectric element and the n-type nano-thermoelectric element in series with a metal conductor, and vertically fixing it on the surface of the third insulating substrate with an adhesive to make a nano-thermoelectric unit;

f. Fixing the nanothermoelectric unit on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall with an adhesive to make a nanothermoelectric component, and connecting the nanothermoelectric unit in series with wires to make a second electrical output electrode.

(3) Assembled battery structure

a. Connect the gas outlet end of the inert gas pipeline connected to the shell of the heat source cavity with one end of the inert gas pipeline where the nanowire piezoelectric component is located. When connecting, use rubber gaskets as gaskets and use an external fixed structure for assembly;

b. Connect the gas flow outlet end of the inert gas pipeline where the nanowire piezoelectric component is located with one end of the inert gas pipeline where the nanothermoelectric component is located. When docking, use rubber gaskets as gaskets and use an external fixed structure for assembly;

c. Connect the airflow outlet end of the inert gas pipeline where the nanothermoelectric component is located with the airflow inlet end of the inert gas pipeline connected to the shell of the heat source cavity. gas;

d. Connect the first electrical output electrode to the input end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit through wires, and connect the output end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit and the second electrical output electrode to the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery through wires, respectively.

(4) Filling the inner packaging material and preparing the outer packaging layer

a. Use the mold filling method to fill and seal the assembled battery structure with the inner packaging material, place it at room temperature for more than 12 hours to cure and form, and prepare the inner packaging;

b. The surface of the inner package is coated with the material of the outer package layer, and the interface is fixed with a sealant to prepare the outer package layer.

In the above step (1)b, a heat reflective layer can also be prepared on the inner surface of the heat source cavity by sputtering; in the above step (2)a, nanowires can also be synthesized on the upper surface of the first insulating substrate by electrospinning ; In the above step (2)b, the metal electrode layer can also be prepared on the upper surface of the second insulating substrate by means of evaporation or electroplating.

The principle of the present invention is: the radiation released when the radioactive isotope decays is incident on the energy conversion unit, the energy of the radiation is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy in the energy conversion unit is transferred to the energy conversion device through a high thermal conductivity material ( Thermoelectric elements, heat engines, turbines) realize the conversion of heat energy into electric energy, and the inert gas after energy release returns to the heat source cavity, and is reheated by the heat source device to form a closed cycle. In the same way, the process of realizing the electrical output of a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials mentioned in the present invention can be described as follows: the radiation released when the radioactive isotope decays interacts with the heat conduction cylinder and the radiation protection layer to generate heat energy; The thermal energy of the heat conduction cylinder and the radiation protection layer heats the inert gas in the high-temperature resistant cavity to expand and form a high-speed airflow; the high-speed airflow directly acts on the nanowire piezoelectric component to realize the conversion of the mechanical energy of the high-speed airflow into electrical energy; then , the remaining heat energy of the inert gas is converted into electrical energy through the nano-thermoelectric components, and flows back to the heat source cavity through the pneumatic check valve to be reheated, thereby forming a stable air circulation.

The isotope battery provided by the present invention effectively breaks through the technical bottleneck of the traditional dynamic radioisotope battery by using nanowire piezoelectric materials and nanothermoelectric materials as energy conversion materials, and at the same time realizes the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency of the dynamic isotope battery. The characteristics of environmental protection, long life, strong applicability, high energy conversion efficiency and easy implementation can work for a long time in the fields of deep space, deep sea and polar exploration, further meeting the green, clean and universal energy demand. Compared with the prior art, the main beneficial effects are as follows:

1. The present invention adopts the piezoelectric effect as the power generation mechanism, which breaks through the technology that the traditional dynamic radioisotope battery is limited to the heat engine or turbine power generation mode, the high-speed running parts are difficult to lubricate, and the inertia vector generated by high-speed rotation affects the stability of the system The bottleneck has reference value for the research of a new generation of dynamic isotope batteries.

2. The present invention uses nanowire piezoelectric materials with high electromechanical coupling coefficients to form a nanocomb piezoelectric component as the first transducer element, which effectively improves the energy conversion efficiency of the battery.

3. The present invention uses nano-thermoelectric components as the second transducing element to perform secondary collection and conversion of inert gas energy, which greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency of the battery, and meets the requirements of green energy, high integration efficiency, and universal economy.

4. In the present invention, the electrical energy converted by the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit and the nanothermoelectric component is output in parallel, which makes up for the shortage of high voltage, low current and low power of the electrical output of the nanopiezoelectric material, and effectively improves the output power of the battery.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials;

Fig. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of the heat source structure;

3 is a schematic diagram of the radial structure of a nanowire piezoelectric component;

4 is a schematic diagram of the radial structure of the nanothermoelectric assembly;

Fig. 5 to Fig. 21 are flow charts of the manufacturing process of a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials.

In the figure: 1-heat source cavity, 2-heat source cavity shell, 3-heat reflection layer, 4-heat source device shell, 5-radiation protection layer, 6-heat conduction cylinder, 7-radiation source, 8-fixing bracket, 9 -screw, 10-through hole, 11-pneumatic one-way valve, 12-nanowire piezoelectric component, 13-first electrical output electrode, 14-piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit, 15-battery positive pole, 16-battery negative pole, 17 -wire, 18-nano thermoelectric component, 19-second electrical output electrode, 20-inert gas pipeline, 21-inert gas pipeline wall, 22-inert gas, 23-inner packaging, 24-outer packaging layer, 25-nanometer wire Piezoelectric unit, 26-nano thermoelectric unit, 27-first insulating substrate, 28-nanocomb, 29-second insulating substrate, 30-metal electrode layer, 31-third insulating substrate, 32-metal conductor, 33-p type nano thermoelectric element, 34-n type nano thermoelectric element.

detailed description

The content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

battery embodiment;

Referring to Fig. 1, a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials includes a heat source structure, an energy conversion structure and an inert gas pipeline 20; the heat source structure includes a heat source cavity 1 and a heat source device, and the heat source cavity 1 includes a heat source cavity shell 2 The inner surface of the heat source cavity shell 2 is provided with a heat reflective layer 3, the two ends of the heat source cavity shell 2 shrink gradually and are connected with an inert gas pipeline 20 through a pneumatic check valve 11, and the heat source device includes a heat conduction cylinder 6 with an interlayer, heat conduction A radioactive source 7 is installed in the interlayer of the tube 6, and the inner and outer walls of the heat conducting tube 6 are provided with a radiation-proof layer 5. The heat source device is packaged in the heat source device shell 4, and the heat source device is fixed on the heat source cavity shell 2 through a fixing bracket 8 with screws 9 , the middle of the heat source device is provided with a through hole 10; the energy conversion structure includes a nanowire piezoelectric assembly 12 and a nanothermoelectric assembly 18, the nanowire piezoelectric assembly 12 is fixed on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall 21, and the two ends of the nanowire piezoelectric assembly 12 The first electrical output electrode 13 is provided, the nanothermoelectric assembly 18 is fixed on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall 21, and the two ends of the nanothermoelectric assembly 18 are provided with a second electrical output electrode 19; the first electrical output electrode 13 is connected to the piezoelectric The input end of the energy harvesting circuit 14 is connected, and the output end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 14 and the second electrical output electrode 19 are respectively connected to the battery positive pole 15 and the battery negative pole 16 through a wire 17; 20 forms a gas flow circulation, and the arrow is the flow direction of the inert gas 22; the heat source structure and the energy conversion structure inert gas pipeline 20 are fixed and packaged by using the inner packaging material to form the inner package 23, and the outer surface of the inner package 23 is provided with an outer packaging layer twenty four.

Referring to FIG. 2 , three fixing brackets 8 are evenly provided on the outer surface of the heat source device housing 4 , and the heat source device is fixed on the heat source cavity housing 2 through the fixing brackets 8 with screws 9 , and a through hole 10 is provided in the middle of the heat source device.

Referring to FIG. 3 , eight nanowire piezoelectric units 25 are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall 21 to form the nanowire piezoelectric assembly 12 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , sixteen nanothermoelectric units 26 are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall 21 to form a nanothermoelectric module 18 .

Referring to FIG. 12 , the nanowire piezoelectric unit 25 includes a nanocomb 28 , a first insulating substrate 27 , a metal electrode layer 30 and a second insulating substrate 29 sequentially arranged from bottom to top.

Referring to Fig. 14, the nano-thermoelectric unit includes a third insulating substrate 31, a metal conductor 32, a p-type nano-thermoelectric element 33 and an n-type nano-thermoelectric element 34, and the p-type nano-thermoelectric element 33 and the n-type nano-thermoelectric element 34 pass through the metal conductor 32 connected end to end in sequence, and fixed vertically to the surface of the third insulating substrate 31 .

The material of the heat source cavity shell 2, the heat source device shell 4, the fixing bracket 8, the screw 9 and the inert gas pipeline wall 21 are 316 stainless steel; the material of the heat reflection layer 3 is Al ₂ O ₃ ; the material of the radiation protection layer 5 is It is a tantalum alloy; the material of the heat conduction cylinder 6 is BN; the radiation source 7 is an α radiation source Am-241; the pneumatic check valve 11 adopts a JKT-420Mpa pneumatic check valve; the first insulating substrate 27 and the second insulating substrate 29 The same material as the third insulating substrate 31 is SiO ₂ ; the nanowire material of the nanocomb 28 is PbZrTiO ₃ ; the metal electrode layer 30 is a Pt film; the material of the metal conductor 32 is metal Pt; the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 14 LTC3588-1 type chip is adopted; wire 17 is made of GN500 nickel-plated copper core with high refractory insulated wire; p-type nanothermoelectric element 33 is made of p-type BiSbTe nanomaterial, and n-type nanothermoelectric element 34 is made of n-type Yb _x Co ₄ Sb ₁₂ is filled with skutterudite nanomaterials; the inert gas 22 is Ar; the material of the inner package 23 is vinyl polydimethylsiloxane composite material; the material of the outer package layer 24 is FeNi Kovar alloy.

Example of battery preparation method; a method for preparing a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials, the specific steps are as follows:

(1) Preparation of heat source structure

a. Referring to Fig. 5, heat source cavity housing 2 made of heat-quenched 316 stainless steel into a designed shape;

b. Referring to Figure 6, paint _Al2O3 on the inner surface of the heat source cavity housing ₂ to prepare a heat reflective layer 3;

c. Referring to Figure 7, use 316 stainless steel to forge the fixing bracket 8, and weld the fixing bracket 8 to the outer surface of the shell 4 of the heat source device;

d. Referring to Figure 8, use screws 9 to fix the heat source device on the shell 2 of the heat source cavity through the fixing bracket 8;

e. Referring to Figure 9, install a JKT-420MPa pneumatic check valve 11 at both ends of the shell 2 of the heat source cavity.

(2) Prepare the transduction structure

a, referring to Fig. 10, use SiO ₂ substrates to make the first insulating substrate 27, adopt hydrothermal method to synthesize PbZrTiO ₃ single crystal nanowires on the upper surface of the first insulating substrate 27, and prepare nanocomb 28;

B, referring to Fig. 11, make second insulating substrate 29 with SiO ₂ substrates, adopt sputtering method to prepare metal Pt film as metal electrode layer 30 on the second insulating substrate 29 upper surface;

c. Referring to FIG. 12, the lower surface of the first insulating substrate 27 is bonded to the upper surface of the metal electrode layer 30 with an epoxy resin adhesive to form a nanowire piezoelectric unit 25;

d. Referring to Figure 13, fix the nanowire piezoelectric unit 25 on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall 21 with an epoxy resin adhesive to make a nanowire piezoelectric component 12, and use GN500 nickel-plated copper core with high refractory insulated wire 17. Connecting the nanowire piezoelectric units 25 in series to form the first electrical output electrode 13;

e, see Fig. 14, make the third insulating substrate 31 with SiO ₂ substrate, use metal Pt as metal conductor 32, the nanothermoelectric element 33 of p-type BiSbTe and n-type Yb _x Co ₄ Sb ₁₂ are filled with skutterudite The nanothermoelectric elements 34 are connected in series, and are vertically fixed on the surface of the third insulating substrate 31 with an epoxy resin adhesive to form the nanothermoelectric unit 26;

f. Referring to Figure 15, the nanothermoelectric unit 26 is fixed on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall 21 with an epoxy resin adhesive to make a nanothermoelectric assembly 18, and the nanothermoelectric unit 18 is made of a GN500 nickel-plated copper core high refractory insulated wire 17. The cells 26 are connected in series to make the second electrical output electrode 19 .

(3) Assembled battery structure

a. Referring to FIG. 16 , connect the gas flow outlet end of the inert gas pipeline 20 connected to the heat source cavity housing 2 with one end of the inert gas pipeline 20 where the nanowire piezoelectric component 12 is located. Fixed structure for assembly;

b. Referring to Figure 17, connect the outlet end of the inert gas pipeline 20 where the nanowire piezoelectric component 12 is located with one end of the inert gas pipeline 20 where the nanothermoelectric component 18 is located. When docking, use rubber gaskets as gaskets and use an external fixed structure for assembly ;

c. Referring to Figure 18, connect the outlet end of the inert gas pipeline 20 where the nano-thermoelectric module 18 is located with the gas flow inlet end of the inert gas pipeline 20 connected to the heat source cavity 2. When connecting, use rubber gaskets as gaskets and use an external fixed structure. Assembled and filled with Ar as the inert gas 22;

d. Referring to Figure 19, the first electrical output electrode 13 is connected to the input end of the LTC3588-1 piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 14 through a GN500 nickel-plated copper core high refractory insulated wire 17, and the output end of the LTC3588-1 piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit 14 and the second electrical output electrode 19 are respectively connected to the battery positive pole 15 and the battery negative pole 16 through GN500 nickel-plated copper core high refractory insulated wires 17.

(4) Filling the inner packaging material and preparing the outer packaging layer

a. Referring to Figure 20, use vinyl polydimethylsiloxane composite material as the inner packaging material, use the mold filling method to fill and seal the assembled battery structure, place it at room temperature for more than 12 hours to cure and form, and prepare Inner package 23;

b. Referring to FIG. 21 , the surface of the inner package 23 is coated with FeNi Kovar alloy as the outer package layer 24 , and the interface is fixed with a sealant.

Claims (8)

1. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials; it is characterized in that it includes a heat source structure, an energy conversion structure and an inert gas pipeline (20); the heat source structure includes a heat source cavity (1) and a heat source device, and the heat source cavity ( 1) Including the heat source cavity shell (2), the inner surface of the heat source cavity shell (2) is provided with a heat reflective layer (3), and the two ends of the heat source cavity shell (2) shrink gradually and are connected by a pneumatic check valve (11) There is an inert gas pipeline (20), and the heat source device includes a heat conduction cylinder (6) with an interlayer. The heat conduction cylinder (6) is equipped with a radioactive source (7) in the interlayer, and the inner and outer walls of the heat conduction cylinder (6) are provided with radiation protection layers (5 ), the heat source device is packaged in the heat source device shell (4), the heat source device is fixed on the heat source cavity shell (2) through the fixing bracket (8) with screws (9), and a through hole (10) is provided in the middle of the heat source device; The transducer structure includes a nanowire piezoelectric component (12) and a nanothermoelectric component (18), the nanowire piezoelectric component (12) is fixed on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall (21), and the two ends of the nanowire piezoelectric component (12) A first electrical output electrode (13) is provided, the nano thermoelectric assembly (18) is fixed on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall (21), and the two ends of the nano thermoelectric assembly (18) are provided with a second electrical output electrode (19); the first The electrical output electrode (13) is connected to the input end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit (14) through a wire (17), and the output end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit (14) and the second electrical output electrode (19) are respectively connected through a wire (17) ) is connected to the positive pole of the battery (15) and the negative pole of the battery (16); the inert gas (22) forms a gas flow circulation in the heat source cavity (1) and the inert gas pipeline (20); 1. The piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit (14) and the inert gas pipeline (20) are fixed and packaged to form an inner package (23), and the outer surface of the inner package (23) is provided with an outer package layer (24). 2. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that: the outer surface of the heat source device casing (4) is evenly provided with three fixing brackets (8); the nanowire piezoelectric assembly (12 ) is composed of eight nanowire piezoelectric units (25) uniformly fixed on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall (21) connected by wires (17); (21) Nano thermoelectric units (26) on the outer surface are connected by wires (17). 3. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials as claimed in claim 2; it is characterized in that: the nanowire piezoelectric unit includes a first insulating substrate (27), a nanocomb (28), a second insulating substrate bottom (29) and metal electrode layer (30), the upper surface of the first insulating substrate (27) is provided with a nanocomb (28), the upper surface of the second insulating substrate (29) is provided with a metal electrode layer (30), the second The lower surface of an insulating substrate (27) is bonded to the metal electrode layer (30); the nano thermoelectric unit includes a third insulating substrate (31), a metal conductor (32), a p-type nano thermoelectric element (33) and an n-type nano thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element (34), the p-type nano-thermoelectric element (33) and the n-type nano-thermoelectric element (34) are sequentially connected end to end through a metal conductor (32), and are vertically fixed on the surface of the third insulating substrate (31). 4. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials as claimed in claim 3; characterized in that: the first insulating substrate (27), the second insulating substrate (29) and the third insulating substrate (31 ) is made of SiO ₂ , silica gel or epoxy resin; the material of the nanocomb (28) is PbZrTiO ₃ , ZnO or GaN; the metal electrode layer (30) is Au, Pd, Pt, Al, Cu, Ni or Ti film; The p-type nano-thermoelectric element (33) is made of p-type BiSbTe nano-material, p-type SiGe nano-material or p-type Bi ₂ Se ₃ nano-material, and the n-type nano-thermoelectric element (34) is made of n-type Yb _x Co ₄ Sb ₁₂ filled with skutterudite nanomaterials. 5. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials according to any one of claims 1 to 4; characterized in that: heat source cavity shell (2), heat source device shell (4), fixed bracket (8) , screw (9) and inert gas pipe wall (21) are made of the same material, which is 316 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel or 310 stainless steel; wire (17) adopts GN500 nickel-plated copper core high fire-resistant insulated wire. 6. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials as claimed in claim 5; characterized in that: the material of the heat reflection layer (3) is Al ₂ O ₃ ; the material of the radiation protection layer (5) is tantalum alloy , lead film, plexiglass and iron composite material, resin and nano-lead composite material or resin and nano-lead sulfate composite material; the material of the heat conduction cylinder (6) is BN; the radiation source (7) is an alpha radiation source: Am-241, Po-210, Pu-238 or Pu-238 oxides, or beta emitters: H-3, Ni-63, Pm-147, Sr-90, Sm-151 or C-14. 7. A composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials as claimed in claim 6; characterized in that: the pneumatic check valve (11) is a JKT-420Mpa pneumatic check valve; the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit (14) is LTC3588-1 type chip; the inert gas (22) is Ar or Ne; the material of the inner package (23) is vinyl polydimethylsiloxane composite material; the material of the outer package layer (24) is FeNi Kovar alloy. 8. A method for preparing a composite dynamic isotope battery based on nanomaterials, characterized in that it includes preparing a heat source structure, preparing an energy conversion structure, assembling a battery structure, filling an inner package (23) and preparing an outer package layer (24 ),Specific steps are as follows: 1) Prepare heat source structure a. Heat and quench high temperature resistant stainless steel to make the heat source cavity shell (2) into the designed shape; b. Brushing or sputtering a heat reflection layer material on the inner surface of the heat source cavity shell (2) to prepare a heat reflection layer (3); c. Forging the fixing bracket (8) with high temperature resistant stainless steel, welding the fixing bracket (8) to the outer surface of the heat source device shell (4); d. Use screws (9) to fix the heat source device on the shell of the heat source cavity (2) through the fixing bracket (8); e. Install a pneumatic check valve (11) at both ends of the heat source cavity shell (2); 2) Prepare the transduction structure a. Fabricate the first insulating substrate (27), synthesize nanowires on the upper surface of the first insulating substrate (27) by hydrothermal method or electrospinning method, and prepare nanocombs (28); b. Making a second insulating substrate (29), and preparing a metal thin film on the upper surface of the second insulating substrate (29) by sputtering, evaporation or electroplating as a metal electrode layer (30); c. Bonding the lower surface of the first insulating substrate (27) and the upper surface of the metal electrode layer (30) with an adhesive to form a nanowire piezoelectric unit (25); d. Fix the nanowire piezoelectric unit (25) on the inner surface of the inert gas pipeline wall with an adhesive to make a nanowire piezoelectric component (12), and use a wire (17) to connect the nanowire piezoelectric unit (25) to connected in series to form a first electrical output electrode (13); e. Make a third insulating substrate (31), connect the p-type nano-thermoelectric element (33) and the n-type nano-thermoelectric element (34) in series with a metal conductor (32), and fix it vertically on the third insulating substrate with an adhesive The surface of the insulating substrate (31) is made into a nanothermoelectric unit (26); f. Fix the nano-thermoelectric unit (26) on the outer surface of the inert gas pipeline wall (21) with an adhesive to make a nano-thermoelectric component (18), connect the nano-thermoelectric unit in series with a wire to make a second electrical output electrode (19); 3) Assembled battery structure a. Connect the gas flow outlet end of the inert gas pipeline (20) connected to the heat source cavity shell (2) with one end of the inert gas pipeline (20) where the nanowire piezoelectric component (12) is located. When docking, use the rubber gasket as a pad The pieces are assembled with an external fixed structure; b. Connect the gas flow outlet end of the inert gas pipeline (20) where the nanowire piezoelectric component (12) is located with one end of the inert gas pipeline (20) where the nanothermoelectric component (18) is located. When docking, use a rubber gasket as a gasket and use Additional fixed structure for assembly; c. Connect the gas flow outlet end of the inert gas pipeline (20) where the nanothermoelectric component (18) is located with the gas flow inlet end of the inert gas pipeline (20) connected to the heat source cavity (1). When docking, use the rubber gasket as a gasket, Assembled with an external fixed structure and filled with inert gas (22); d. Connect the first electrical output electrode (13) to the input end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit (14) through a wire (17), and the output end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit (14) and the second electrical output electrode (19) respectively Connect the battery positive pole (15) and the battery negative pole (16) through the wire (17); 4) Filling the inner packaging material and preparing the outer packaging layer (24) a. Using the mold filling method to fill and seal the assembled battery structure with the inner packaging material, place it at room temperature for more than 12 hours to cure and form, and prepare the inner packaging (23); b. The surface of the inner package (23) is coated with the material of the outer package layer, and the interface is fixed with a sealant to prepare the outer package layer (24).