CN1055750C - 滑动面轴承 - Google Patents

滑动面轴承 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1055750C
CN1055750C CN95100439A CN95100439A CN1055750C CN 1055750 C CN1055750 C CN 1055750C CN 95100439 A CN95100439 A CN 95100439A CN 95100439 A CN95100439 A CN 95100439A CN 1055750 C CN1055750 C CN 1055750C
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aluminum alloy
layer
precipitation
sliding surface
slidingsurface
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN95100439A
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CN1114397A (zh
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弗朗兹·科罗谢兹
埃里克·普英格尔
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Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
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Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F16C33/125—Details of bearing layers, i.e. the lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/552—Fatigue strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/912—Metallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种滑动面轴承。包括背衬轴套(3)和由含有分散软化间隙成分(2)的铝合金构成的轧制-覆盖滑动表面层(1)，它具有改进的疲劳强度，因为滑动表面层(1)设置在由可沉淀硬化铝合金或沉淀硬化铝合金所构成的层(5)的上面。

Description

滑动面轴承
本发明涉及具有背衬轴套和轧制-覆盖滑动表面层的滑动面轴承，所述轧制-覆盖滑动表面层由含有分散软间隙成份的铝合金所构成。
因为含有分散软间隙成分的铝合金所构成的滑动表面层不能使轧制-覆盖足以粘结到钢制背衬轴套上，因此首先要将滑动表面层用轧制方法结合到工业纯铝箔上，然后将该多层复合材料覆盖到背衬轴套上。鉴于由铝箔组成的中间层构成适当的底基，这种轧制-覆盖轴承具有较低的疲劳强度。这首先因铝中间层的材料性能，其次是由于滑动表面层的厚度必须足以提供特定磨损容限，因为铝中间层连安全运行的性能也不具备。
为了改进上述滑动面轴承的疲劳强度，很明显要提供一种不是工业纯铝而是由具有较高强度材料诸如AlCulNi0.5箔构成的中间层。但是，用这种箔进行的试验表明包含于轧制-覆盖内的冷加工会导致这种铝箔强度和脆性增加，这种AlCulNi0.5箔是固溶硬化型，因此形成裂纹，从而使粘结受到不良影响。
为此，本发明的目的是提供一种前面描述的那种类型的滑动面轴承，并且要设计成使之能提高疲劳强度。
上述目的通过本发明完成，将滑动表面层施加到由可沉淀硬化铝合金或沉淀硬化铝合金所构成的层上。
即使在软退火状态下，可沉淀硬化铝合金也比固溶硬化铝合金更硬，用这样可沉淀硬化铝合金可令人惊奇地轧制-覆盖到铝基滑动表面层而没有降低滑动表面层对背衬轴套粘结的危险性。认为这种结果可能是由于可沉淀硬化的铝合金的冷加工将导致低得多的脆性并提高强度，从而实际上消除了裂纹的形成。为此，由可沉淀硬化铝合金所制的箔可用作在铝基滑动表面层和钢制背衬轴套之间的底基，并且赋于这种滑动面轴承具有较高疲劳强度的优点。
这种可沉淀硬化铝合金可以是沉淀硬化以获得背衬轴套所需的强度，因而，这种沉淀硬化铝合金可用作背衬轴套，通过轧制-覆盖可将滑动表面层结合到其上而无需中间层。
按照本发明另一特征，如果可沉淀硬化铝合金或沉淀硬化铝合金具有安全运行性能，则对于这种设计将提供特别理想的条件，因为在该情况下，滑动表面层可以具有较小的厚度，并且无需提供轴承寿命终结时所需的磨损容限。但已知通过提供较薄滑动表面层将增加疲劳强度。为此，如果使用具有安全运行性能的可沉淀硬化的或沉淀硬化的铝合金时，可以提供具有特别令人满意的疲劳强度的滑动面轴承，因为它们可以使滑动面层的厚度减少。
以下结合附图中的实施例与现有技术相比较而阐明本发明。
图1是上述现有技术的部分滑动面轴承的片段截面图；
图2是类似于图1的截面图，并体现本发明的滑动面轴承；
附图3是类似于图2的截面图，并表明体现本发明的改变型的滑动面轴承。
按照图1所示的现有技术，可将由含有分散软间隙成份2的铝合金构成的滑动表面层1覆盖在钢制的背衬轴套3上，因为由例如AlSn20所构成的滑动表面层，在将所得多层复合体覆盖到钢制背衬轴套3以前，已轧制结合到纯铝箔4上。由于该纯铝箔的硬度约为VHN 28(0.5公斤)(VHN＝维氏硬度值)，而滑动表面层的硬度约为VHN 35到40(0.5公斤)，这种轴承的疲劳强度必然受限，特别是因为滑动表面层的厚度必须超过0.3毫米，以保证适当的磨损容限。
按照本发明，通过轧制-覆盖将滑动表面层1结合到可沉淀硬化铝合金或是沉淀硬化铝合金，其中，所述可沉淀硬化铝合金在滑动表面层1和钢制背衬轴套3之间提供中间层5，如图2所示；而沉淀硬化铝合金构成背衬轴套3，如图3所示。既然希望通过较硬的中间层5来改善滑动面轴承的疲劳强度，而对本领域的技术人员来说，令人惊奇的是可沉淀硬化铝合金的构造不会对滑动表面层粘结背衬轴套3起不良作用，例如如果用非可硬化铝合金制的中间层的情况下就有不良作用，因为在该情况下会产生裂纹，尽管这种固溶硬化铝合金诸如AlCulNi0.5具有比可沉淀硬化铝合金更低的硬度，即使后者曾经软化退火也是如此。如果可沉淀硬化铝合金具有安全运行特性，例如如果它们由AlZn4SiPb构成，则可提供特殊的优点。如果精密硬化铝合金具有安全运行性能，则滑动表面层1不再需要提供磨损容限，从而可将较薄的滑动表面层与具有适当厚度的中间层结合使用。在图2中所示实施例中，中间层5的厚度为0.4毫米，滑动表面层的厚度为0.2毫米。如果中间层5由合金AlZn4SiPb所构成，则其硬度将是约VHN 60(0.5公斤)，可与由AlSn20Cu构成，硬度约为VHN 35到40(0.5公斤)的滑动表面层结合。硬度从滑动表面层1经过中间层5到背衬轴套3稳定地增加，这样的事实对于疲劳强度以及因此导致的承载能力和滑动面轴承寿命均有良好的影响。
从图3很显然，可沉淀硬化铝合金可以是沉淀硬化，在该情况下它可构成背衬轴套，在其上带有滑动表面层而无需中间层。
应了解，本发明不限于图示的实施例。例如，滑动表面层可由含有Su、Pb或Bi软掺杂物的适当铝合金构成。能被轧制-覆盖到铝基滑动表面层上的可沉淀硬化铝合金可由AlZn4SiPb所构成，特别是AlZn4.5Mg、ALSi11CuMgNi或者AlMgSi1所构成。

Claims (4)

1、滑动面轴承，具有背衬轴套(3)和由含有分散软间隙成分(2)的铝合金构成的轧制-覆盖滑动表面层(1)，其特征在于：所述滑动表面层设置在由可沉淀硬化铝合金或沉淀硬化铝合金构成的层(5)上。
2、按照权利要求1所述滑动面轴承，其特征在于：由可沉淀硬化铝合金构成的中间层(5)设置在滑动表面层(1)和背衬轴套(3)之间。
3、按照权利要求1所述滑动面轴承，其特征在于：所述背衬轴套是由沉淀硬化铝合金组成的层所构成。
4、按照权利要求1到3任一项所述滑动面轴承，其特征在于：可沉淀硬化铝合金或沉淀硬化铝合金具有安全运行性能。
CN95100439A 1994-02-21 1995-02-20 滑动面轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN1055750C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0034294A AT400174B (de) 1994-02-21 1994-02-21 Gleitlager
ATA342/1994 1994-02-21
ATA342/94 1994-02-21

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CN1114397A CN1114397A (zh) 1996-01-03
CN1055750C true CN1055750C (zh) 2000-08-23

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US (1) US5601371A (zh)
EP (1) EP0672840A3 (zh)
JP (1) JPH084771A (zh)
KR (1) KR100356060B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1055750C (zh)
AT (1) AT400174B (zh)

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ATA34294A (de) 1995-02-15
JPH084771A (ja) 1996-01-09
KR100356060B1 (ko) 2002-12-12
CN1114397A (zh) 1996-01-03
US5601371A (en) 1997-02-11
EP0672840A2 (de) 1995-09-20
AT400174B (de) 1995-10-25
EP0672840A3 (de) 1996-07-17
KR950033141A (ko) 1995-12-22

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