CN105572452B - A kind of Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state - Google Patents

A kind of Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105572452B
CN105572452B CN201510917020.XA CN201510917020A CN105572452B CN 105572452 B CN105572452 B CN 105572452B CN 201510917020 A CN201510917020 A CN 201510917020A CN 105572452 B CN105572452 B CN 105572452B
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average current
continuous operation
operation state
transformer
particle accelerator
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CN105572452A (en
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王建新
王汉斌
杨仁俊
肖德鑫
吴岱
林司芬
杨林德
张�浩
邓德荣
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Zhongjiu Flash Medical Technology Co ltd
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Institute of Applied Electronics of CAEP
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses Gaussian beam of kind of the particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state to roll into a ball average current measuring method, by connecting wave filter on beam transformer, to solve the problems, such as that particle accelerator is larger with error during beam transformer measurement average current under quasi-continuous operation state.Average current measuring method provided by the invention, measuring method is simple, easily implements；And a low-pass filter is only added using common beam transformer on hardware, is not needed to using other hardware, it is cheap.

Description

A kind of Gaussian beam group average current of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state is surveyed Amount method
Technical field
The present invention relates to charged particle accelerator beam current measurement technologies, and in particular to charged particle accelerator quasi-continuous operation Average current measuring method under state.
Background technology
A direct way for obtaining high-average power electron beam is the pulse recurrence frequency for improving particle accelerator, makes to add Fast device is run under quasi-continuous state.Bunch current is one of important parameter of particle accelerator operation, is accelerated in each particle In the day-to-day operation of device, often the parameter of first detection is exactly Bunch current.Measurement parameter includes the pulse quantity of electric charge, peak value electricity Stream and average current.Average current is by measuring the pulse quantity of electric charge, is calculated with reference to the repetition rate of pulse.Flow strong survey Amount mode can be divided into obstruction formula and measure and nonblocking measurement.
Wherein, the measurement of obstruction formula is measured using Faraday cup, and this method is the most directly and the most conveniently.But use method The one side is drawn directly " to block " line, has no idea to be monitored on-line, on the other hand, the particle beams of quasi-continuous operation Mean power is higher so that even if the Faraday cup mounted on bunch end, due to cooling device to be added, system is huge, knot Structure is complicated, and the measurement error for causing convection current strong is larger.
It is nonblocking to measure usually using beam transformer or the quick line transformation of extension model using beam transformer Device or integration beam transformer, these beam transformers are all based on classical fruit Rogowski coil.Fruit sieve Paderewski line Circle is the electromagnetic field signal based on electromagnetic induction principle coupling line, and direct current signal cannot be coupled out from principle.Fruit sieve husband The beam transformer that this lubber ring combination external circuit is formed integrally has band logical attribute, in low-frequency cut-off frequency and high-frequency cut-off frequency There are one optimal operating frequency ranges between rate.
Accelerator is under quasi-continuous operation state, due to the low-frequency cutoff effect of beam transformer, cause signal direct current into Point and part low-frequency component loss, the pulse quantity of electric charge directly measured by beam transformer in this way and according to pulse electricity The average current that lotus amount is calculated just has larger error.
Another kind measure average current mode be using direct current beam transformer (DC Current Transformer, DCCT it is) to carry out DC measurement using the principle of non-linear element progress second-harmonic detection, DCCT is complicated, and cost is high.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of average current measurement side of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state Method, to solve, error is larger asks when particle accelerator measures average current under quasi-continuous operation state with beam transformer Topic.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state, including following step Suddenly：
Step 1：Beam transformer is obtained in frequency f0Gain G (f0)；Wherein, f0Repetition frequency for accelerator beam group Rate；
Step 2：Calculate the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component；
Step 3：Wave filter is connected on beam transformer, at the peak of the measurement of output end output voltage waveforms of wave filter Peak value；
Step 4：According to the peak-to-peak value Vpp of measurement, with reference to gain G (f0), calculate the average current of accelerator.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the wave filter of the beam transformer or it is low-pass filter or is bandpass filter.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter is more than f0Less than 2f0。
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the low-frequency cut-off frequency of the bandpass filter is less than f0, high-frequency cut-off frequency is more than f0 Less than 2f0。
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the beam transformer or it is conventional beam transformer or is quick beam transformer, Or it is integration beam transformer.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the repetition rate f of the beam group of the beam transformer0Included in the effective frequency of coil In the range of.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the characteristic impedance of beam transformer output terminal is 50 ohm.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Average electricity provided by the invention Flow measuring method, measuring method is simple, easily implements；And common beam transformer, only addition one are used on hardware Low-pass filter is not needed to using other hardware, cheap.
Description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is a kind of equipment connection diagram of embodiment of average current measuring method of the present invention；
Wherein：1 is beam transformer；2 be wave filter；3 be oscillograph.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment combination attached drawing.
Step 1 obtains beam transformer in frequency f0Gain G (f0)；Wherein, f0Repetition frequency for accelerator beam group Rate.
Gain of the beam transformer in the range of certain frequency can be measured using vector network analyzer, it can also be direct The calibration result provided using beam transformer manufacturer.Such as：It is measured using integration type beam transformer, direct use goes out The fixed ICT frequency response curves of emblem mark, can obtain beam transformer in frequency f0Gain G (f0)。
In some embodiments, if the attenuation of transmission cable and wave filter is larger, to consider that entire measuring system exists simultaneously Frequency f0Gain G (f0)。
Step 2 calculates the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component；
The computational methods of proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component are：Time domain is Gauss The beam group of distribution is expressed as
Wherein, It0The range parameter in frequency domain distribution is rolled into a ball for Gaussian beam, above formula is transformed into frequency domain, is obtained
Wherein,The range parameter in frequency domain distribution is rolled into a ball for Gaussian beam.
Proportionate relationship X=I between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic componentbunch(0)/Ibunch(f0)。
The beam group of quasi- Gaussian Profile can carry out approximate measure with this measuring method.
The repetition period of beam group is much smaller than in the case where meeting error requirements in Electron bunch length, it is believed that first harmonic Amplitude is equal to the amplitude of DC component, i.e. X=1.
Such as：In the present embodiment, the repetition rate of beam group is 54MHz；
At f=0, DC component
At f=54MHz,
It is less than 0.42ns in σ, i.e. beam group half-breadth height is less than 1ns, the amplitude of first harmonic and the range error of DC component Less than 1%, it is believed that the amplitude of first harmonic is equal to the amplitude of DC component.
Step 3：Wave filter is connected on beam transformer, at the peak peak of the measurement of output end output voltage waveforms of wave filter Value；
The signal of beam group expands into fourier series in time domain to be expressed as：
In formula：Frep=1/T represents the repetition rate of beam group, and first item Qbunchfreq represents average current, Section 2 Represent remaining nth harmonic component.
Beam transformer has low-frequency cutoff property, the DC component in the output terminal of beam transformer, beam current signal Just " loss ".Wave filter can select low-pass filter or bandpass filter, and the cutoff frequency of low-pass filter is more than f0 Less than 2f0；The low-frequency cut-off frequency of bandpass filter is less than f0, high-frequency cut-off frequency is more than f0Less than 2f0；Its role is to only Retain the first harmonic of output signal.In this way, the output signal of wave filter can be expressed as：
Iout(t)=2Qbunchfreqcos(2πfreqt)
Consider gain of the measuring system shown in Fig. 1 in f0, output signal is expressed as：
Iout(t)=2QbunchfreqG(freq)cos(2πfreqt)
Wherein, G represents gain, including the coaxial cable used in beam transformer, wave filter, oscillograph and connection and connection Device.
Beam transformer can use conventional beam transformer (Beam Current Transformer, BCT), also may be used To use quick beam transformer (Beam Current Transformer, FBCT) or integration beam transformer (Integrating Current Transformer, ICT), basic measuring principle is all based on rogowski coil. As long as the repetition rate f of beam group0In the effective frequency range of coil, and the other parameter of coil meets common arteries and veins Rush Beam current measurement request.
The measurement of peak-to-peak value can use the measuring apparatus such as oscillograph, multimeter, voltmeter, be wanted as long as measurement accuracy meets It asks, measuring apparatus is not particularly limited.The output of wave filter is sine wave, and peak-to-peak value has determining change with peak value, RMS value Relationship is changed, the measurement of voltage is also not limited to measure peak-to-peak value.
Step 4：The peak-to-peak value V measured according to step 3pp, with reference to obtaining gain G (f in step 20) and step 3 in Gauss Proportionate relationship X between beam group's DC component and first harmonic component calculates the average current I of acceleratoraverage。
Wherein, Z be measure voltage instrument characteristic impedance, generally 50 ohm.As analyzed in step 2, at some In embodiment, X can consider equal to 1.
The invention is not limited in aforementioned specific embodiments.The present invention, which expands to, any in the present specification to be disclosed The step of new feature or any new combination and any new method or process disclosed or any new combination.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state, it is characterised in that packet Include following steps：
    Step 1：Beam transformer is obtained in frequency f0Gain G (f0)；Wherein, f0Repetition rate for accelerator beam group；
    Step 2：Calculate the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component；
    Step 3：Wave filter is connected on beam transformer, in the peak-to-peak value of the measurement of output end output voltage waveforms of wave filter Vpp；
    Step 4：According to the peak-to-peak value Vpp of measurement, with reference to gain G (f0), calculate the average current I of acceleratoraverage,
    Wherein, Z is the characteristic impedance for measuring voltage instrument.
  2. 2. a kind of Gaussian beam group average current of the particle accelerator according to claim 1 under quasi-continuous operation state is surveyed Amount method, it is characterised in that the wave filter of the beam transformer is low-pass filter or is bandpass filter.
  3. 3. a kind of Gaussian beam group average current of the particle accelerator according to claim 2 under quasi-continuous operation state is surveyed Amount method, it is characterised in that the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter is more than f0Less than 2f0。
  4. 4. a kind of Gaussian beam group average current of the particle accelerator according to claim 2 under quasi-continuous operation state is surveyed Amount method, it is characterised in that the low-frequency cut-off frequency of the bandpass filter is less than f0, high-frequency cut-off frequency is more than f0Less than 2f0。
  5. 5. a kind of Gaussian beam group average current of the particle accelerator according to claim 1 under quasi-continuous operation state is surveyed Amount method, it is characterised in that the beam transformer is conventional beam transformer or is quick beam transformer or be to integrate Beam transformer.
  6. 6. a kind of Gaussian beam group average current of the particle accelerator according to claim 5 under quasi-continuous operation state is surveyed Amount method, it is characterised in that the repetition rate f of the beam group of the beam transformer0In the effective frequency range of coil.
  7. 7. average current is rolled into a ball according to Gaussian beam of any particle accelerator of claim 1~6 under quasi-continuous operation state Measuring method, it is characterised in that the characteristic impedance of beam transformer output terminal is 50 ohm.
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CN107037254B (en) * 2017-01-23 2023-04-21 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement
CN106918734A (en) * 2017-05-11 2017-07-04 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 A kind of B dot probes for vacuum diode current measurement
WO2019180069A1 (en) * 2018-03-20 2019-09-26 Adam S.A. Improving safety around a linear accelerator

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CN102819033A (en) * 2012-08-29 2012-12-12 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 Ion beam automatic measuring system and method
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