CN105572452A - Gaussian beam bunch average current measuring method of particle accelerator in quasi-continuous running state - Google Patents

Gaussian beam bunch average current measuring method of particle accelerator in quasi-continuous running state Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105572452A
CN105572452A CN201510917020.XA CN201510917020A CN105572452A CN 105572452 A CN105572452 A CN 105572452A CN 201510917020 A CN201510917020 A CN 201510917020A CN 105572452 A CN105572452 A CN 105572452A
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average current
frequency
measuring method
particle accelerator
current measuring
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CN105572452B (en
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王建新
王汉斌
杨仁俊
肖德鑫
吴岱
林司芬
杨林德
张�浩
邓德荣
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Zhongjiu Flash Medical Technology Co ltd
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Institute of Applied Electronics of CAEP
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a Gaussian beam bunch average current measuring method of a particle accelerator in a quasi-continuous running state. By connecting a filter on a beam current transformer, a problem is solved that a quite big error is made when a beam current transformer is used for measuring average current of a particle accelerator in the quasi-continuous running state. According to the invention, measurement method is simple and easy to implement; and a common beam current transformer is used on hardware and only one low pass filter is added without other hardware, so manufacturing cost is low.

Description

The Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state
Technical field
The present invention relates to charged particle accelerator beam current measurement technology, be specifically related to the average current measuring method under charged particle accelerator quasi-continuous operation state.
Background technology
The direct way obtaining high-average power electron beam is the pulse repetition rate improving particle accelerator, and accelerator is run under quasi-continuous state.Bunch current is one of important parameter of particle accelerator operation, and in the day-to-day operation of each particle accelerator, often first parameter detected is exactly Bunch current.Measurement parameter comprises the pulse quantity of electric charge, peak point current and average current.Average current is by the ranging pulse quantity of electric charge, and the repetition frequency in conjunction with pulse calculates.Flowing strong metering system can be divided into obstruction formula to measure and nonblocking measurement.
Wherein, the measurement of obstruction formula uses Faraday cylinder to measure, and this method is the most direct and convenient.But use Faraday cylinder directly " to block " line on the one hand, have no idea to carry out on-line monitoring, on the other hand, the particle beams average power of quasi-continuous operation is higher, even if make the Faraday cylinder being arranged on bunch end, owing to adding cooling device, system is huge, complex structure, the measuring error causing convection current strong is larger.
Nonblocking is measured and is usually used beam transformer, or uses the quick beam transformer of extension model or the integration beam transformer of beam transformer, and these beam transformers are all the fruit Rogowski coils based on classics.Fruit Rogowski coil is the electromagnetic field signal based on electromagnetic induction principle coupling line, principle, namely can not be coupled out direct current signal.Fruit Rogowski coil has the logical attribute of band in conjunction with the beam transformer entirety that external circuit is formed, and has the operating frequency range that optimum between low-frequency cut-off frequency and high-frequency cut-off frequency.
Accelerator is under quasi-continuous operation state, due to the low-frequency cutoff effect of beam transformer, cause the loss of signal flip-flop and part low-frequency component, directly measure by beam transformer the pulse quantity of electric charge that obtains like this and just have larger error according to the average current that pulse electric charge gauge obtains.
The another kind of mode measuring average current uses direct current beam transformer (DCCurrentTransformer, DCCT) to be that the principle utilizing nonlinear element to carry out second-harmonic detection carries out direct current measurement, and DCCT complex structure, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state, under quasi-continuous operation state, measure average current time error larger problem with beam transformer to solve particle accelerator.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state, comprises the following steps:
Step one: obtain beam transformer in frequency f 0gain G (f 0); Wherein, f 0for the repetition frequency of accelerator bundle group;
Step 2: calculate the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component;
Step 3: connect wave filter on beam transformer, at the peak-to-peak value of the measurement of output end output voltage waveforms of wave filter;
Step 4: according to measure peak-to-peak value Vpp, in conjunction with gain g (f 0), calculate the average current of accelerator.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the wave filter of described beam transformer or be low-pass filter, or be bandpass filter.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the cutoff frequency of described low-pass filter is greater than f 0be less than 2f 0.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the low-frequency cut-off frequency of described bandpass filter is less than f 0, high-frequency cut-off frequency is greater than f 0be less than 2f 0.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, described beam transformer or be conventional beam transformer or for quick beam transformer, or be integration beam transformer.
In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the repetition frequency f0 of the bundle group of described beam transformer is included in the effective frequency range of coil.In above-mentioned technical characteristic, the characteristic impedance of beam transformer output terminal is 50 ohm.
In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: average current measuring method provided by the invention, measuring method is simple, easily implements; And on hardware, use conventional beam transformer, only add a low-pass filter, do not need the hardware using other, cheap.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the equipment connection schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of average current measuring method of the present invention;
Wherein: 1 is beam transformer; 2 is wave filter; 3 is oscillograph.
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Step one, obtains beam transformer in frequency f 0gain G (f 0); Wherein, f 0for the repetition frequency of accelerator bundle group.
Use vector network analyzer can measure the gain of beam transformer within the scope of certain frequency, also directly can use the calibration result that beam transformer manufacturer provides.Such as: use integration type beam transformer to measure, directly use factory-designed ICT frequency response curve, beam transformer can be obtained in frequency f 0gain G (f 0).
In certain embodiments, measuring system, if the decay of transmission cable and wave filter is comparatively large, will consider that whole measuring system is in frequency f simultaneously 0gain G (f 0).
Step 2, calculates the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component;
The computing method of the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component are: time domain is that the bundle group of Gaussian distribution is expressed as
L b u n c h ( t ) = T t 0 E x p ( - t 2 2 σ 2 )
Wherein, I t0for Gaussian beam group is at the range parameter of frequency domain distribution, above formula is transformed to frequency domain, obtains
T b u n c h ( ω ) = T ω 0 E x p ( - ω 2 σ 2 2 )
Wherein, I ω 0for Gaussian beam group is at the range parameter of frequency domain distribution.
Proportionate relationship X=I between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component bunch(0)/I bunch(f0).
The bundle group of accurate Gaussian distribution, can carry out approximate measure by this measuring method.
In the repetition period of Electron bunch length much smaller than bundle group, when meeting error requirements, think that the amplitude of first harmonic equals the amplitude of DC component, i.e. X=1.
Such as: in the present embodiment, the repetition frequency of bundle group is 54MHz;
F=0 place, DC component I bunch(0)=I ω 0(0);
F=54MHz place, I bunch(0)=I ω 0(0) * Exp (-2*pi^2* σ ^2*54M^2);
Be less than 0.42ns at σ, Ji Shutuan half-breadth higher primary school is in 1ns, and the amplitude of first harmonic and the range error of DC component are less than 1%, can think that the amplitude of first harmonic equals the amplitude of DC component.
Step 3: connect wave filter on beam transformer, at the peak-to-peak value of the measurement of output end output voltage waveforms of wave filter;
The signal of bundle group expands into fourier series in time domain and can be expressed as:
I b u n c h ( t ) = Q b u n c h f r e q + 2 Q b u n c h f r e q Σ n = - ∞ + ∞ c o s ( 2 πnf r e q t )
In formula: frep=1/T represents the repetition frequency of bundle group, and Section 1 Qbunchfreq represents average current, and Section 2 represents all the other nth harmonic components.
Beam transformer has low-frequency cutoff character, and at the output terminal of beam transformer, the DC component in beam current signal just " loss ".Wave filter can select low-pass filter or bandpass filter, and the cutoff frequency of low-pass filter is greater than f0 and is less than 2f0; The low-frequency cut-off frequency of bandpass filter is less than f0, and high-frequency cut-off frequency is greater than f0 and is less than 2f0; Its role is to the first harmonic only retaining output signal.Like this, the output signal of wave filter just can be expressed as:
I out(t)＝2Q bunchf reqcos(2πf reqt)
Consider that shown in Fig. 1, measuring system is in the gain of f0, output signal is expressed as:
I out(t)＝2Q bunchf reqG(f req)cos(2πf reqt)
Wherein, G represents gain, comprises beam transformer, wave filter, oscillograph and connects concentric cable used and connector.
Beam transformer can use conventional beam transformer (BeamCurrentTransformer, BCT), also quick beam transformer (BeamCurrentTransformer can be used, or integration beam transformer (IntegratingCurrentTransformer FBCT), ICT), its basic measuring principle is all based on rogowski coil.As long as the repetition frequency f0 of bundle group is included in the effective frequency range of coil, and other parameters of coil meet common pulse Beam current measurement requires
The measurement of peak-to-peak value can use the measuring equipments such as oscillograph, multimeter, voltage table, as long as measuring accuracy meets the demands, does not do special restriction to measuring equipment.The output of wave filter is sinusoidal wave, and peak-to-peak value and peak value, RMS value have the transformation relation determined, are also not limited to measurement peak-to-peak value to the measurement of voltage.
Step 4: according to step 3 measure peak-to-peak value V pp, obtain the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component in gain G (f0) and step 3 in integrating step 2, calculate the average current I of accelerator average.
I a v e r a g e = V p p Z · 4 · G ( f 0 ) · X
Wherein, Z is the characteristic impedance of measuring voltage instrument, is generally 50 ohm.As analyzed in step 2, in certain embodiments, X can think and equals 1.
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.

Claims (7)

1. the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of particle accelerator under quasi-continuous operation state, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one: obtain beam transformer in frequency f 0gain G (f 0); Wherein, f 0for the repetition frequency of accelerator bundle group;
Step 2: calculate the proportionate relationship X between Gaussian beam group's DC component and first harmonic component;
Step 3: connect wave filter on beam transformer, at the peak-to-peak value of the measurement of output end output voltage waveforms of wave filter;
Step 4: according to measure peak-to-peak value Vpp, in conjunction with gain g (f 0), calculate the average current of accelerator.
2. the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator according to claim 1 under quasi-continuous operation state, is characterized in that the wave filter of described beam transformer or is low-pass filter, or is bandpass filter.
3. the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator according to claim 2 under quasi-continuous operation state, is characterized in that the cutoff frequency of described low-pass filter is greater than f 0be less than 2f 0.
4. the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator according to claim 2 under quasi-continuous operation state, is characterized in that the low-frequency cut-off frequency of described bandpass filter is less than f 0, high-frequency cut-off frequency is greater than f 0be less than 2f 0.
5. the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator according to claim 1 under quasi-continuous operation state, it is characterized in that described beam transformer or for conventional beam transformer or for quick beam transformer, or be integration beam transformer.
6. the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of a kind of particle accelerator according to claim 5 under quasi-continuous operation state, is characterized in that the repetition frequency f0 of the bundle group of described beam transformer is included in the effective frequency range of coil.
7., according to the Gaussian beam group average current measuring method of any particle accelerator of claim 1 ~ 6 under quasi-continuous operation state, it is characterized in that the characteristic impedance of beam transformer output terminal is 50 ohm.
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CN106918734A (en) * 2017-05-11 2017-07-04 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 A kind of B dot probes for vacuum diode current measurement
CN107037254A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-08-11 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 A kind of D dot for vacuum diode voltage measurement pop one's head in
US11324971B2 (en) * 2018-03-20 2022-05-10 Adam S.A. Improving safety around a linear accelerator

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CN107037254A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-08-11 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 A kind of D dot for vacuum diode voltage measurement pop one's head in
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US11324971B2 (en) * 2018-03-20 2022-05-10 Adam S.A. Improving safety around a linear accelerator

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