CN107037254B - D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement - Google Patents
D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN107037254B CN107037254B CN201710048853.6A CN201710048853A CN107037254B CN 107037254 B CN107037254 B CN 107037254B CN 201710048853 A CN201710048853 A CN 201710048853A CN 107037254 B CN107037254 B CN 107037254B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/06711—Probe needles; Cantilever beams; "Bump" contacts; Replaceable probe pins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/06711—Probe needles; Cantilever beams; "Bump" contacts; Replaceable probe pins
- G01R1/06733—Geometry aspects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a D-dot probe for measuring voltage of a vacuum diode, which belongs to the field of voltage measurement of the vacuum diode in a pulse power technology and comprises a cable seat, a probe shell, an O-shaped sealing ring, an insulating sleeve, a grounding shell, a measuring electrode, a connecting rod, a vacuum sealing cable connector, a metal sealing ring and an insulating sheet, wherein the cable seat, the vacuum sealing cable connector, the O-shaped sealing ring, the probe shell, the insulating sleeve, the connecting rod, the measuring electrode and the insulating sheet are all coaxial structures, and are installed and connected to form a probe whole; according to the invention, an insulating sheet made of a high-temperature-resistant ablation-resistant high polymer material is arranged on a measuring electrode to block plasma, so that insulation breakdown is avoided; the vacuum sealing performance is ensured by adopting a vacuum sealing cable connector and a metal sealing ring; the main body part of the voltage divider is integrally formed in a threaded connection mode, so that measurement errors caused by the disassembling process are minimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and particularly relates to a D-dot probe for measuring voltage of a vacuum diode.
Background
In pulse power technology research, a vacuum diode is an important load form, and accurate measurement of voltage and current is an important means for reflecting the running state of a device. In the past, transmission line voltage and current parameters are commonly used to approximate the voltage and current parameters of a pulse power device (for example, "measurement position is located near diode end" in "design of a coaxial high-voltage capacitive divider" published in "high-voltage technology 29 volume 1 st phase", but such approximation is inaccurate due to neglecting the transmission efficiency of the diode). In order to increase the accuracy of the measurement, the measurement point should be arranged on the vacuum transmission section of the diode. The technical difficulties are mainly that: firstly, guarantee the vacuum seal of measurement probe, secondly avoid the dielectric breakdown of measurement probe that diode regional plasma arouses, thirdly reduce the measurement error that the dismantlement installation caused. The present solution focuses mainly on the measurement of the diode voltage. Capacitive voltage dividers are devices commonly used in pulsed power systems to measure pulsed high voltage signals. The capacitive voltage divider is divided into a self-integrating capacitive voltage divider (the output signal of which is in direct proportion to the measured voltage) and an external integrating capacitive voltage divider, wherein the external integrating capacitive voltage divider mainly comprises a differential probe D-dot (or V-dot) and an integrator. The time constant of the D-dot probe is far smaller than the front edge of the voltage signal to be measured, and the output signal of the D-dot probe is in direct proportion to the differential signal of the voltage to be measured. The invention patent (CN 102128964 B,2013.03.20) discloses a capacitive voltage divider for measuring parameters of a radiation diode. According to the technical scheme, the measuring electrode is wound around the inner cylinder of the vacuum transmission line and is tightly attached to the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the transmission line, the low-voltage arm capacitor is the coupling capacitor of the measuring electrode and the grounding shell, the middle medium is a polyethylene film, and the width of the film is slightly larger than that of the electrode. The scheme solves the electromagnetic interference problem, but the measuring electrode is large in size, the fixing mode only adopts a nylon connecting rod to be screwed to the screw hole of the inner electrode through the measuring electrode and the hole of the polyethylene film, and the structure of the voltage divider is easy to loosen when the diode is large in size in the practical process, so that the measuring accuracy is influenced. The patent design and application of a capacitive voltage divider in a pulse power device in 33 volume 12 period of 2007 discloses a specific structure of a V-dot probe used in a water transmission line, which is characterized in that a plurality of sealing rings are arranged, vacuum sealing is difficult in practice, and the sensitivity of a detector is easily changed due to the change of the elastic allowance of the sealing rings after the structure is loose and assembled each time, so that the measurement accuracy is affected. The patent publication of 'intense laser and particle beam 24 volume 6 th period' discloses a D-dot detector structure which adopts epoxy resin casting, and has more compact structure and easy sealing. In the practical process, the bubble easily appears in the epoxy resin during the casting in the air, which affects the uniformity of the measuring structure and further affects the measuring accuracy. The risk of dielectric breakdown is also increased by the presence of a large number of bubbles. To reduce the air bubbles in the epoxy resin, the casting must be performed in a vacuum environment, requiring relatively complex equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to accurately measure the voltage parameter of a vacuum diode, solve the problems of vacuum sealing, plasma shielding and response to a fast-forward signal, ensure compact structure and easy realization, and provide a D-dot probe for measuring the voltage of the vacuum diode.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement, includes cable holder, probe shell, insulating sleeve, ground connection shell, measuring electrode, connecting rod, vacuum cable connector, be provided with on measuring electrode's the axle center with measuring electrode through threaded connection's connecting rod, measuring electrode passes through the external screw thread and is connected as an organic wholely with insulating sleeve, insulating sleeve passes through the external screw thread and is connected as an organic wholely with the probe shell, the probe shell passes through the external screw thread and is connected as an organic wholely with the cable holder;
the connecting rod is inserted into one end of the vacuum cable connector, the vacuum cable connector is fixed in the central through hole of the cable seat, and the cable seat is fixedly connected with the grounding shell into a whole through a bolt;
the cable seat, the vacuum cable connector, the insulating sleeve, the measuring electrode, the connecting rod, the probe shell and the grounding shell are all coaxial structures;
and a metal sealing ring is arranged between the cable seat and the grounding shell.
In the above technical scheme, the grounding shell and the upper and lower end surfaces of the cable seat are respectively provided with a sealing groove at opposite positions, and the metal sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove.
In the above technical scheme, the metal sealing ring is made of soft metal material, or oxygen-free copper, or red copper.
In the technical scheme, the inner surface of the probe shell is provided with the steps which are mutually matched with the steps on the outer surface of the insulating sleeve, so that the limiting effect is achieved.
In the technical scheme, the inner surface of the insulating sleeve is provided with the step for limiting the measuring electrode.
In the above technical scheme, an insulating sheet is arranged on the outer end face of the measuring electrode, and the insulating sheet is connected with the measuring electrode through a screw.
In the above technical solution, the insulating sheet has a diameter not smaller than the diameter of the measuring electrode.
In the above technical scheme, the vacuum cable connector has a wall-penetrating structure, and penetrates through the central through hole of the cable seat.
In the technical scheme, the O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the part of the vacuum cable connector passing through the cable seat and the cable seat.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) In the invention, the bombardment of electron beams and plasmas is blocked by adopting an insulating sheet outside the measuring electrode, so that the plasmas and electrons are difficult to form a short circuit channel, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the short circuit phenomenon;
(2) In the invention, the probe part (comprising the cable seat, the vacuum sealing cable connector, the probe shell, the insulating sleeve, the measuring electrode, the connecting rod and the insulating sheet) of the capacitive voltage divider is assembled to form a whole probe, and the invention has the advantages of convenient use and disassembly;
(3) In the invention, the vacuum sealing cable connector is adopted, and only one O-shaped sealing ring and one metal sealing ring are adopted, so that the high vacuum sealing can be realized, and the structure is simple. The elastic allowance in the capacitive voltage divider can be greatly reduced by adopting the metal sealing ring, and the accuracy of a measurement result is ensured;
(4) In the invention, all structures adopt standard components or mechanical workpieces, the assembly process is simple and convenient, the subsequent processing such as pouring is not required to be carried out, and the realization is easy;
(5) In the invention, the probe has compact structure, the typical value of the coupling capacitance formed between the measuring electrode and the probe shell is of the pF magnitude, the requirement that the time constant of the probe is far smaller than the front edge of the voltage signal to be measured can be well met, and the voltage signal at the front edge of ns can be accurately measured;
the invention has the advantages of ingenious design, simple structure, easy realization, convenient use, lower manufacturing and maintenance cost, outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application in the field of vacuum diode voltage measurement.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
wherein: the cable seat is 1, the bolt is 2, the probe housing is 3, the vacuum seal cable connector is 4, the O-shaped sealing ring is 5, the insulating sleeve is 6, the metal sealing ring is 7, the grounding housing is 8, the measuring electrode is 9, the connecting rod is 10, the screw is 11, and the insulating sheet is 12.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
The invention discloses a D-dot probe for measuring voltage of a vacuum diode, which comprises a cable seat, a probe shell, an O-shaped sealing ring, an insulating sleeve, a grounding shell, a measuring electrode and a connecting rod, and also comprises a vacuum sealing cable connector, a metal sealing ring and an insulating sheet, wherein coaxial structures are arranged among the cable seat, the vacuum sealing cable connector, the O-shaped sealing ring, the probe shell, the insulating sleeve, the connecting rod, the measuring electrode and the insulating sheet, and the coaxial structures are installed and connected to form a probe whole. In order to ensure the coaxiality of all parts of the probe, the cable seat, the probe shell, the insulating sleeve, the connecting rod and the measuring electrode are connected in a threaded mode.
And a coupling capacitor between the measuring electrode and the probe shell is used as a low-voltage arm capacitor of the capacitive voltage divider, and a high-voltage arm capacitor of the capacitive voltage divider is formed between the low-voltage arm capacitor and an inner cylinder of the diode vacuum transmission section.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the accuracy of installation, the probe shell and the insulating sleeve are respectively provided with a limit design. The vacuum sealing cable connector is provided with a wall-penetrating structure, is installed on the cable seat through a central hole of the cable seat, and leads out probe signals to an oscilloscope for display. The vacuum sealing cable connector is internally provided with a structure capable of effectively sealing vacuum by ceramic sintering and the like, and an O-shaped sealing ring is adopted between the outer part and the cable seat for sealing vacuum.
And sealing grooves are respectively arranged at the positions of the grounding shell, which are opposite to the upper end face and the lower end face of the cable seat, and each sealing groove is provided with a knife edge structure. During installation, the metal sealing ring is placed in the sealing groove, the grounding shell is connected with the cable seat through bolts, and the functions of fixing the D-dot probe and sealing vacuum are achieved. The insulating sheet is arranged on the outer side of the measuring electrode by adopting a screw, and plays a role in blocking plasma.
The metal sealing ring is made of soft metal materials such as oxygen-free copper, red copper and the like; the cable seat and the grounding shell are made of hard metal materials such as stainless steel; the probe shell, the measuring electrode and the connecting rod are made of metal materials; the insulating sleeve is made of insulating medium materials such as nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene; the insulating sheet is made of high-temperature-resistant and ablation-resistant high polymer materials such as polyimide or polytetrafluoroethylene.
According to the scheme of the invention, the D-dot probe for measuring the voltage of the vacuum diode is designed, the accurate measurement of pulse voltage signals with the leading edge of 5ns and the pulse width of 150ns can be realized, and the structure of main components is shown in figure 1. The cable seat is made of stainless steel, has an outer diameter phi 70mm and a thickness 11mm, 6 phi 7 through holes are uniformly distributed on the cable seat along the circumference phi 58.7mm, the center of the cable seat is phi 14 through holes, the lower part of the cable seat is provided with internal threads with a depth of 5.5M 40x1, and the outer diameter phi 48.3 is provided with a sealing groove with a knife edge structure. The bolt is a hexagon head full-thread bolt made of stainless steel material, and the thread length is about 18mm. The probe shell is of a hollow cylinder structure with the outer diameter phi 40 of stainless steel material and the total length of 30mm, the upper end part is provided with an external thread with the depth of M40x1 of 5.5 and an internal thread with the depth of M33x1 of 9, a step-shaped limit structure with the diameter phi 36 is arranged at the position 9mm away from the upper end surface, and the inner and outer R0.5 round corners of the lower end surface are inverted to reduce the surface electric field intensity. The model of the vacuum sealing cable connector is BNC (M) -50KKY, the vacuum sealing cable connector is a wall-penetrating type screw fastening type vacuum sealing cable connector with BNC hole types at two ends, and the inner core ensures sealing performance by adopting a ceramic sintering process. The O-shaped sealing ring is a standard piece made of fluororubber material and is used for vacuum sealing between the vacuum sealing cable connector and the cable seat. The insulating sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, has an overall length of 30mm, has a hollow structure with an inner diameter phi 24 and an outer thread M33x1 depth of 9 at the upper part, has a hollow structure with an outer diameter phi 36 and an inner diameter phi 28 at the lower part, has an inner thread M28x1 depth of 5 at the lower end surface, and is provided with a step-shaped limiting structure at a position 18mm away from the lower end surface. The metal sealing ring is a CF-35 standard oxygen-free copper sealing ring. The grounding shell is made of stainless steel, has an inner diameter phi 40 and an overall length of 24mm, the upper part is a flange with an outer diameter phi 70mm and a thickness of 6mm, 6M 6 threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the flange along the circumference phi 58.7mm, the lower part has an outer diameter phi 48, and the lower part is welded to a hole formed in the diode outer cylinder. The measuring electrode is made of stainless steel, has an outer diameter phi 28 and an overall length of 18mm, is provided with M28x1 deep 5 threads on the lower end surface, is provided with a groove with a depth phi 20 and a depth 10mm at the center of the upper part, is provided with M6 deep 5 threaded holes at the center of the bottom, and is provided with 2M 2.5 threaded holes uniformly distributed on the circumference phi 11.6 of the bottom for auxiliary installation of the measuring electrode and installation of screws. The connecting rod is made of brass, the needle-shaped structure at the upper end is matched with the hole-shaped connecting end of the BNC connector, and the M6 deep 4 threads at the lower end are matched with the screw holes at the bottom of the measuring electrode 9. The screw 11 is a metallic material for connection of the insulating sheet 12 and the measuring electrode 9. The insulating sheet 12 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material, has an outer diameter phi 36 and a thickness of 2mm, is provided with rounded corners at the upper and lower edges, and is uniformly provided with 2 phi 3 through holes along the circumference phi 11.6.
The installation process is as follows: the O-shaped sealing ring and the vacuum sealing cable connector are sequentially installed and fixed on a central hole of the cable seat, the outer thread of the probe shell is connected to the inner thread of the lower part of the cable seat, the outer thread of the upper part of the insulating sleeve is connected to the inner thread of the probe shell, the lower part of the connecting rod is connected to a screw hole at the bottom of the measuring electrode, the outer thread of the lower part of the measuring electrode is connected with the inner thread of the lower part of the insulating sleeve in an auxiliary manner by using a screw hole M2.5 at the bottom of the measuring electrode (in the process, the needle-shaped structure at the upper part of the connecting rod is connected with the hole-shaped connecting end of the BNC connector), and the insulating sheet is connected with the measuring electrode by using a screw. When the cable seat is used, the metal sealing ring is placed in the sealing groove on the grounding shell, the measuring probe is integrally placed in the inner hole of the grounding shell, and the cable seat is connected with and tightly pressed against the grounding shell by using the bolts.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement, includes cable holder, probe shell, insulating sleeve, ground connection shell, measuring electrode, connecting rod, vacuum cable connector, insulating thin slice, characterized by that be provided with on measuring electrode's the axle center with measuring electrode through threaded connection's connecting rod, measuring electrode passes through the external screw thread and connects as an organic wholely with insulating sleeve, insulating sleeve passes through the external screw thread and connects as an organic wholely with the probe shell, the probe shell passes through the external screw thread and connects as an organic wholely with the cable holder;
the connecting rod is inserted into one end of the vacuum cable connector, the vacuum cable connector is fixed in the central through hole of the cable seat, and the cable seat is fixedly connected with the grounding shell into a whole through a bolt;
the cable seat, the vacuum cable connector, the insulating sleeve, the measuring electrode, the connecting rod, the probe shell and the grounding shell are all coaxial structures;
a metal sealing ring is arranged between the cable seat and the grounding shell;
the insulating sheet is positioned on the outer end face of the measuring electrode, and the insulating sheet is connected with the measuring electrode through a screw.
2. The D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 1, wherein sealing grooves are respectively arranged at positions of the grounding shell opposite to the upper end face and the lower end face of the cable seat, and the metal sealing rings are arranged in the sealing grooves.
3. A D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 2, wherein the metal seal ring is a soft metal material.
4. The D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the probe shell is provided with a step which is mutually matched with the step on the outer surface of the insulating sleeve to play a limiting role.
5. The D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 4, wherein the inner surface of the insulating sleeve is provided with a step for limiting the measuring electrode.
6. A D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 1, wherein the insulating sheet diameter is not smaller than the diameter of the measuring electrode.
7. A D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum cable connector is of a wall-through construction, passing through a central through hole of the cable mount.
8. A D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement according to claim 7, wherein an O-ring is provided between the portion of the vacuum cable connector passing through the cable mount and the cable mount.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710048853.6A CN107037254B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement |
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| CN201710048853.6A CN107037254B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | D-dot probe for vacuum diode voltage measurement |
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| CN107037254A CN107037254A (en) | 2017-08-11 |
| CN107037254B true CN107037254B (en) | 2023-04-21 |
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| CN114878943B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-06-18 | 湘潭大学 | Evaluation and guarantee method for low-frequency performance of D-dot probe |
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