CN105572308B - A kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process Download PDFInfo
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- CN105572308B CN105572308B CN201610073083.6A CN201610073083A CN105572308B CN 105572308 B CN105572308 B CN 105572308B CN 201610073083 A CN201610073083 A CN 201610073083A CN 105572308 B CN105572308 B CN 105572308B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process, including chamber, the top of chamber is outstanding to set indicator bracket, the embedded embedded body in bottom of chamber, filling soil body simulation material in chamber；Described embedded body includes the first tunnel excavation test body, mid-board test body and the second tunnel excavation test body, and the first tunnel excavation test body is identical with the structure of the second tunnel excavation test body；First tunnel excavation experiment body includes preliminary bracing simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer and massif simulating piece successively from outside to inside, and massif simulating piece includes multiple plates for being detachably connected setting side by side.The stress data of collection mid-board and preliminary bracing and secondary lining while can gathering earth's surface deformation data by device of the invention, and the setting of the massif simulating piece being layered by sheet, the layering that the process for excavating simulation massif is changed into by simulating piece one by one is taken out, the profile for not only being left after convenient disassembly, and dismounting is rounder and more smooth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Tunnel Engineering technical field, and in particular to a kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process.
Background technology
It is the one of research and analysis constructing tunnel problem to carry out tunnel physical experiments currently with the geotechnological theory of similarity
Plant important means.
Constructing tunnel model test is mainly carried out by two methods：One is to institute after the completion of being banketed in chamber
The body that bankets is excavated and supporting；Another kind is to be embedded in the soil body lining cutting of tunnel support in advance, and tunnel will be opened
The part of digging be made as wooden during wooden or other materials moulds, the mounting knob on mould, excavation simulation or
The mould of other materials is extracted.Method one is easy to operate, but the process of excavation simulation is relatively difficult, when the soil body is relatively soft
When tunneling be easier in itself, but the soil body for being susceptible to excavate periphery after the excavation and before supporting also occurs
Cave in, cause test failure, excavated when soil body relative rigid and be difficult very much again, it is bothersome laborious, and the tunnel wheel after excavation
It is wide uneven, contact not tight with the soil body after it is extremely difficult to install lining cutting, or lining cutting is installed, it is difficult to collect lining cutting and receives
The data of power.Therefore method two is more commonly used, but method two there is also certain shortcoming, with pre-buried wood mold coupled excavation simulation
For part, the inadequate mechanization of processing wood mold coupled first, the mould and die accuracy for processing is inadequate；Secondly, it is overall embedding
Although wood mold coupled can typically be provided with the device that handle etc. is easy to take out after fill compaction, it is intended to smoothly extract out be stranded very much
Difficulty, causes the case of test failure can be found everywhere because built-in fitting can not be extracted out.And method two it is general by built-in fitting once
Property take out, fail to realize the process simulation that tunnel excavation is incremental.
The shortcoming that current such tunnel model test is primarily present has：Due to data acquisition in the experiment that simulation tunnel is excavated
Difficulty often ignore the simulation of preliminary bracing, it is quite different with real construction method；Action pane is non-dismountable, makes experiment
The recycling value of case is had a greatly reduced quality；Chamber is directly placed on laboratory floor, and flatness is not enough, produces result of the test
Raw error；The shaping of gypsum lining cutting typically uses steel mold or wood mould, and cost of manufacture is high and can not complete multiple-arch tunnel etc.
Special-shaped lining cutting is poured, and the extremely difficult making for realizing model of the lining thickness less than 1cm.Therefore, it is a kind of excavate difficulty it is small, can
Recycling, accurate experimental result, plastic arbitrary shape lining cutting, the comprehensive tunnel excavation simulation system of data acquisition very must
Will.
The content of the invention
For defect of the prior art and deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simulation tunnel digging process
Experimental rig, the device can not only simulate progressive digging process, while the mould of the present apparatus can carry out fine processing realizing
The simulation in various tunnels.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
The experimental rig of the first simulation tunnel digging process, including chamber, the top of chamber is outstanding to set indicator bracket,
The embedded embedded body in the bottom of chamber, filling soil body simulation material in chamber；Described embedded body includes the first tunnel excavation
Test body, mid-board test body and the second tunnel excavation test body, the first tunnel excavation test body and the second tunnel excavation are tested
The structure of body is identical；First tunnel excavation experiment body includes preliminary bracing simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer successively from outside to inside
With massif simulating piece, massif simulating piece includes multiple plates for being detachably connected setting side by side.
On the basis of the first, the thickness of described plates is second experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process
1cm。
The experimental rig of the third simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described massif mould
Intend part to be detachably connected by through the harness cord screw rod realization for setting.
The 4th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described initial stage branch
Shield simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer and mid-board test body pour shaping and are made using gypsum；In massif simulating piece
Plates are foaming PVC plate.
The 5th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the 4th kind, simulate by described preliminary bracing
The mould that pours of layer, secondary lining simulation layer and mid-board test body is formwork for placing component, and formwork for placing component is from top to bottom
Include the top fixed plate, multiple template layer and the bottom fixed plate that are detachably connected successively；Shape is performed etching to multiple template layer
Into the shape of part to be poured.
The 6th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process sets on the basis of the 5th kind in described top fixed plate
Slip casting groove is put, the note that preliminary bracing simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer or mid-board test shape is etched on multiple template layer
, be cast in gypsum in the slip casting gap of multiple template layer composition by slip casting groove, by top fixed plate, many after shaping by slurry gap
Burst dismounting obtains final product the experiment of preliminary bracing simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer or mid-board successively for individual template layer and bottom fixed plate
Body.
The 7th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described dial gauge
Frame includes being fixed on the singletree at the top of chamber, the height adjusting equipment being hung under strut and being fixed with height adjusting equipment
The Magnetic gauge stand absorption bar of connection.
The 8th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the 7th kind, described height adjusting equipment bag
U-shaped connector, pin, adjusting screw rod and adjusting nut are included, the openend of U-shaped connector is arranged by pin and is suspended on singletree
On, adjusting screw rod is fixedly connected through the arc tips of U-shaped connector with U-shaped connector, adjusting nut control Magnetic gauge stand absorption
Height of the bar on adjusting screw rod realizes the regulation to indicator bracket suspension height.
The 9th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described chamber
It is the casing of square upper opening, the bottom of experimental box is leveling base plate, and the width face of chamber is the lateral side baffle of monoblock,
The length face of chamber is the baffle plate by framework compartmentalization, and sets detachable operation window in the lower section in length face.
The tenth kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the 9th kind, in the length face of the chamber
It is upper that vertical scale and horizontal scale are set；Described lateral side baffle and framework is made by steel, and baffle plate passes through lucite material
Material makes.
Advantages of the present invention is：
The experimental rig of the first simulation tunnel digging process of the invention includes chamber, and the top of chamber is outstanding to set hundred
Divide dial framework, the embedded embedded body in bottom of chamber, filling soil body simulation material in chamber；Massif simulating piece includes multiple arranged side by side
Be detachably connected the plates of setting, while can gathering earth's surface deformation data by device of the invention collection mid-board with
And the stress data of preliminary bracing and secondary lining, Data Collection comprehensively, and by sheet be layered massif simulating piece setting,
The layering that the process for excavating simulation massif is changed into by simulating piece one by one is taken out, and is not only left after convenient disassembly, and dismounting
Profile it is rounder and more smooth, agree with round and smooth degree when making completely, the process that more accurate simulation tunnel massif is excavated passes through
The piece number simulation tunnel drilling depth of the disposable pre- excavation part taken out of control, makes the data of test more accurately and reliably, more preferably
Instruct practical work process.
On the basis of the first, the thickness of described plates is second experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process
1cm, is easy to excavate digging process simultaneously beneficial to the different operating modes of simulation.
The experimental rig of the third simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described massif mould
Intend part to be detachably connected by through the harness cord screw rod realization for setting, the structure of harness cord screw rod is not only easy for installation, convenient disassembly,
And using the coaxial principle of harness cord screw rod, easily can coaxially be assembled multiple plates, it is ensured that it is integrally-built consistent
Property, it is to avoid the complicated processes of situation monitoring when installing.
The 4th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described initial stage branch
Shield simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer and mid-board pour shaping and are made using gypsum；Plates in massif simulating piece
It is foaming PVC plate, the foaming PVC plate that tunnel excavates part burst in advance is constituted, and realizes the successful excavation in model tunnel, not only
Making material is cheap and easy to get, and shape is easily controllable, improves test accuracy.
The 5th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the 4th kind, simulate by described preliminary bracing
The mould that pours of layer, secondary lining simulation layer and mid-board test body is formwork for placing component, and formwork for placing component is from top to bottom
Include the top fixed plate, multiple template layer and the bottom fixed plate that are detachably connected successively；Shape is performed etching to multiple template layer
Into the shape of part to be poured, prepare that flexible shapes are changeable, can meet different shaped elements pours shaping.
The 6th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process sets on the basis of the 5th kind in described top fixed plate
Slip casting groove is put, the note that preliminary bracing simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer or mid-board test shape is etched on multiple template layer
, be cast in gypsum in the slip casting gap of multiple template layer composition by slip casting groove, by top fixed plate, many after shaping by slurry gap
Burst dismounting obtains final product the experiment of preliminary bracing simulation layer, secondary lining simulation layer or mid-board successively for individual template layer and bottom fixed plate
Body, the mould of split blade type structure can guarantee that the integrality for pouring test specimen, and operating process simple economy when removing, and be suitable to big
Scale is promoted.
The 7th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, described dial gauge
Frame includes being fixed on the singletree at the top of chamber, the height adjusting equipment being hung under strut and being fixed with height adjusting equipment
The Magnetic gauge stand absorption bar of connection, the ground settlement banketed by the applicable different height of setting of height adjusting equipment is measured,
And the structure of Magnetic gauge stand absorption bar is easy to use, other structures will not be produced to produce influence to the measurement process of dial gauge.
The 8th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the 7th kind, described height adjusting equipment bag
U-shaped connector, pin, adjusting screw rod and adjusting nut are included, the openend of U-shaped connector is arranged by pin and is suspended on singletree
On, adjusting screw rod is fixedly connected through the arc tips of U-shaped connector with U-shaped connector, adjusting nut control Magnetic gauge stand absorption
Height of the bar on adjusting screw rod realizes the regulation to indicator bracket suspension height, the structure of this height adjusting equipment, not only with
The assembling process of the singletree at the top of chamber is convenient, and by the cooperation of adjusting screw rod and adjusting nut, that is, realizes magnetic
Gauge stand adsorbs the change of bar height, it is achieved thereby that the regulation of dial gauge height.
The 9th kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process on the basis of the first or second, the bottom of experimental box
It is leveling base plate, it is ensured that the levelness of chamber meets test requirements document, and the width face of chamber is the lateral side baffle of monoblock, experiment
The length face of case is the baffle plate by framework compartmentalization, and the baffle arrangement of subregion reduces the rapid wear of the whole face structure of large area
Risk, and detachable operation window is set in the lower section in length face, the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of action pane can be according to model size needs
Make and change, convenience is put into without the embedded body of size.
The tenth kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process sets on the basis of the 9th kind on the length face of chamber
Vertical scale and horizontal scale are put, soil body material horizontally and vertically can be observed in experimentation；Lateral side baffle and
Framework is made by steel, and baffle plate is made by pmma material, the sight that baffle plate can carry out changing in case using organic material
Examine, the service life of steel framework and lateral side baffle increase device.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic enlarged-scale view of the embedded body in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic enlarged-scale view of massif simulating piece in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is chamber case construction schematic diagram in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is a kind of optional cutting form structural representation of detachable operation window in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of indicator bracket in Fig. 1；
Fig. 7 is the schematic enlarged-scale view of suspension height adjustment means in Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the formwork for placing component of secondary lining simulation layer and preliminary bracing simulation layer in making embedded body of the invention
Structural representation；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the Die and mould plate in Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the top layer fixed plate of the formwork for placing of mid-board in making embedded body of the invention；
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the Die and mould plate under the fixed plate of Figure 10；
Figure 12 is the structural representation of the harness cord screw rod used in the present invention；
Figure 13 is flat mouth funnel structure schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is ground settlement result statistical chart in embodiment 1；
Figure 15 is the pressure cell position figure in embodiment 1, the corresponding positional representation pressure cell of English alphabet in figure
Cloth set-point；
Figure 16 is the result figure of different measuring points pressure in embodiment 1；
Figure 17 is the foil gauge position figure in embodiment 1, the corresponding positional representation foil gauge of English alphabet in figure
Position；
Figure 18 is the result figure of different measuring points strain in embodiment 1；
Each label is expressed as in figure：1- chambers, 101- frameworks, 102- baffle plates, the detachable operation windows of 103-, 1031- windows
Frame, 1032- blocks, 1033- blocks bolt, 1034- blocks nut, 1035- embedded bodies place mouth, 104- lateral side baffles, 105-
Leveling base plate, the vertical scales of 106-, 107- horizontal scales；
2- indicator brackets, 201- height adjusting equipments, 2011-U types connector, 2012- pins, 2013- adjusting screw rods,
2014- adjusting nuts, 202- Magnetic gauge stands absorption bar, 203- singletrees；
3- embedded bodies, 301- mid-boards test body, 302- preliminary bracings simulation layer, 303- secondary lining moulds simulation layer,
304- standing screws, 305- fixing nuts, 306- massifs simulating piece, 3061- plates, 3062- data wire cabling cuttings；
4- soil bodys simulation material, 5- formwork for placing component, 501- template layers, 5011- slip castings gap, 5012- screw holes,
5013- tamping equipments hole, 502- tops fixed plate, 5021- slip castings groove, 503- bottoms fixed plate, 504- be detachably fixed part,
The fixing nuts of 5041- first, 5042- harness cords screw rod, the fixing nuts of 5043- second, 5044- leveling nuts；6- slip castings funnel,
601- spout of funnels；
The present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-7, the experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process of the invention includes chamber 1, the top of chamber 1
It is outstanding to set indicator bracket 2, the embedded embedded body 3 in bottom of chamber 1, filling soil body simulation material 4 in chamber 1；Described is pre-buried
Body 3 includes the first tunnel excavation test body, the tunnel excavation test body of mid-board test body 301 and second, the examination of the first tunnel excavation
The structure for testing body and the second tunnel excavation test body is identical；First tunnel excavation experiment body includes preliminary bracing successively from outside to inside
Simulation layer 302, secondary lining simulation layer 303 and massif simulating piece 306, massif simulating piece 306 include that multiple detachably connects side by side
The plates 3061 of setting are connect, collection mid-board and just while can gathering earth's surface deformation data by device of the invention
Phase supporting and the stress data of secondary lining, Data Collection comprehensively, and by sheet be layered massif simulating piece 306 setting,
The layering that the process for excavating simulation massif is changed into by simulating piece one by one is taken out, and is not only left after convenient disassembly, and dismounting
Profile it is rounder and more smooth, agree with round and smooth degree when making completely, the process that more accurate simulation tunnel massif is excavated passes through
The piece number simulation tunnel drilling depth of the disposable pre- excavation part taken out of control, makes the data of test more accurately and reliably, more preferably
Instruct practical work process.
The thickness of plates 3061 is 1cm, 50 layers of common thickness 0.5m, and massif simulating piece 306 is by through the harness cord spiral shell for setting
Bar is realized being detachably connected, and specially standing screw 304 and fixing nut 305 are realized carrying out the plates 3061 of burst removable
Fixation is unloaded, standing screw 304 is harness cord screw rod, the requirement of the massif simulating piece 306 of different-thickness is not only met, while screw rod
Coaxial performance by multiple plates 3061 force limit on the same axis, install and use more facilitate, it is also possible to according to not
Same requirement of experiment sets two or more harness cord screw rods, is required with meeting the fixed of process of the test；In addition, putting for convenience
Put data wire etc. and determine line, data wire cabling cutting 3062 is set on the top of massif simulating piece 306；Preliminary bracing simulation layer
302nd, secondary lining simulation layer 303 and mid-board test body 301 pour shaping and are made using gypsum；Massif simulating piece 306
In plates 3061 be foaming PVC plate, pour the various sizes of preliminary bracing mould of making according to test requirements document when using
Intend layer 302, secondary lining simulation layer 303 and mid-board test body 301, then foaming PVC plate is cut into require shape and size
Plates, embedded body of the invention 3 is obtained final product after assembling.
Indicator bracket 2 includes the singletree 203 for being fixed on the top of chamber 1, the height being hung under singletree 203 regulation
Component 201 and the Magnetic gauge stand absorption bar 202 being fixedly connected with height adjusting equipment 201；Height adjusting equipment 201 includes U-shaped
Connector 2011, pin 2012, adjusting screw rod 2013 and adjusting nut 2014, the openend of U-shaped connector 2011 pass through pin
2012 are arranged and are suspended on singletree 203, arc tips and U-shaped connector of the adjusting screw rod 2013 through U-shaped connector 2011
2011 are fixedly connected, and height of the control Magnetic gauge stand absorption bar 202 of adjusting nut 2014 on adjusting screw rod 2013 is realized to hundred
Divide the regulation of the suspension height of dial framework 2.
Chamber 1 is the casing of square upper opening, and the bottom of chamber 1 is leveling base plate 105, the width of chamber 1
Degree face is the lateral side baffle 104 of monoblock, and the length face of chamber 1 is the baffle plate 102 by the compartmentalization of framework 101, and in length
The lower section in degree face sets detachable operation window 103.Vertical scale 106 and horizontal scale are set on the length face of chamber 1
107；Lateral side baffle 104 and framework 101 are made by steel, and baffle plate 102 is made by pmma material；It is specific detachable
Operation window 103 includes that window frame 1031, block 1032, block bolt 1033, block nut 1034 and embedded body place mouth 1035, window
Emissive plastic glazing is installed, emissive plastic glazing is fixed on window frame by the block 1032 set along the surrounding of window frame 1031 on frame 1031
On 1031, block 1032 is detachably connected by block bolt 1033 and block nut 1034 with window frame 1030, therefore, using
When the sheet glass of emissive plastic glazing can be pulled down, according to test requirements document cutting meet the size of embedded body 3 embedded body place mouth
1035, facilitate the embedment of embedded body 3.
In order to quickly accurately carry out the secondary lining simulation layer 303 of gypsum material, preliminary bracing simulation layer 302 and in every
Wall test body 301 pours making, and with reference to Fig. 8-13, the present invention gives the mould and device for being more prone to make：
Fig. 8 is that secondary lining simulation layer 303 and preliminary bracing simulation layer 302 are poured in making embedded body 3 of the invention
The structural representation of modular shuttering element 5, formwork for placing component 5 includes top fixed plate 502, multiple template layer 501 successively from top to bottom
With bottom fixed plate 503, set through above-mentioned flaggy and be detachably fixed part 504；Template layer 501 is the plate body of foaming PVC material,
According to the different shapes for pouring article, the slip casting gap 5011 of respective shapes is carved on template layer 501, and it is many for convenience
The concatenation of individual template layer and uniform smooth, setting screw hole 5012 and the tamping equipment on each template layer 501 of casting process
Hole 5013, installs on screw hole 5012 and is detachably fixed part 504, and the quantity of screw hole 5012 and position will combine mould stress, with
Phase reaches preferable fixed effect, and mould is spliced using multi-disc, and slices are removed during the demoulding, and modelling success rate is high；
Vibration tamper is placed in tamping equipment hole 5013 carries out the stirring of slip casting gypsum, it is ensured that gypsum lining cutting is smoothly poured and is molded backsight
Quality is built, vibration tamper is opened immediately after the completion of slip casting, and slip casting stops vibrating after completing 1min, allows gypsum lining cutting to be settled into
Type.
Top fixed plate 502 and bottom fixed plate 503 are steel plate, and slip casting groove 5021, slip casting are set in top fixed plate 502
The shaped position in the slip casting gap 5011 on the shape of groove 5021 and position and template layer 501 is consistent.Bottom fixed plate 503
The duct of concatenation screw rod is only beaten, slip casting groove 5021 is considered as the convenience for facilitating slip casting to consider processing cutting simultaneously, because
This slip casting groove 5021 should be designed as rectangle or border is straight line, be in addition the globality of guarantee top surface steel plate, adjacent slip casting groove
5021 middle member-retaining portion steel plates.
Part 504 is detachably fixed including the first fixing nut 5041, harness cord screw rod 5042, the second fixing nut 5043 and is adjusted
Flush nut 5044, harness cord screw rod 5042 passes through formwork for placing component 5, and the first fixing nut 5041 is enterprising in top fixed plate 502
The fixation of row integral mold plate component, the second fixing nut 5043 and leveling nut 5044 successively bottom fixed plate 503 it is outer with it is logical
Silk screw rod 5042 is coaxially socketed, and the second fixing nut 5043 achieves a fixed connection, and leveling nut 5044 ensures whole formwork for placing
Component 5 it is smooth.
Slip casting funnel 6 is made up of hard plastic board, 601 one-tenth flat of spout of funnel, in convenient insertion top fixed plate 502
In slip casting groove 5021, top is circle, facilitates slurry filling.
The use process of experimental provision of the invention is as follows：
The lucite piece in detachable operation window 103 is cut according to experimental design tunnel-shaped, will be had with block 1032
Machine sheet glass is fixed on the window frame 1031 of detachable operation window 103；
Plaster cast Deng preliminary bracing simulation layer 302, secondary lining simulation layer 303 and mid-board test body 301 reaches
Foil gauge is pasted after intensity, preliminary bracing simulation layer 302, secondary lining simulation layer 303 and the mid-board examination made will be poured
Test body 301 and be combined into embedded body 3 with the plates 3061 of well cutting；
The ratio for choosing lime, gypsum and sand mixing inserts according to test requirements document is fabricated to soil body simulation material 4, will carry
Before the embedded body 3 made place mouth 1035 from the embedded body of detachable operation window 103 and cross and be placed in chamber 1, then
Buried with soil body simulation material 4 and fill out chamber 1 to design height；Indicator bracket 2 is installed, measurement earth's surface is installed on indicator bracket 2
The dial gauge of sedimentation；
Gather simulation of excavation process after various instrument initial readings, consolidating on the standing screw 304 of removal concatenation built-in fitting 3
Determine nut 305, extract standing screw 304 out, plates 3061 are taken out according to the step pitch burst of excavation simulation, progress is excavated with model
As a example by for 2cm/h, then take out two panels plates 3061 every time, data be acquired with record, after a hour taking-up close to
Lower two panels plates 3061 simulate the excavation of next drilling depth, until completing whole process of the test.
Specifically, being illustrated to the present invention below by way of a specific simulative example：
Embodiment one：
As a example by simulating certain multiple-arch tunnel and excavate, tunnel list hole span 9m, tunnel height 7m.Prototype tunnel preliminary bracing
30cm, secondary lining 40cm, mid-board thickness 150m, tunneling area country rock grade is IV grades, edpth of tunnel 60m, and tunnel is opened
Dig into chi 3m/ circulations.
The likelihood ratio uses 50, model tunnel list hole span 18cm, height 14cm, the preliminary bracing simulation layer of preliminary bracing
302 thickness is 6mm, and the thickness of secondary lining simulation layer 303 is 8mm, and the thickness of mid-board test body 301 is 30mm, pre-buried
The landfill depth of the soil body simulation material 4 of body more than 3 is 1.2m.
1. carve modelling mould and excavate pre-buried partial component：
According to moulded dimension and shape in CAD, draw and make preliminary bracing simulation layer 302, secondary lining simulation layer 303
And the template layer shape of the plaster cast of mid-board test body 301, screw hole 5012 is drawn on template layer 501 simultaneously and is vibrated
Device aperture 5013.From thickness 1cm foaming PVC plates, sheet template PVC board engraving machine will be drawn, different shape carves 50.Tunnel
The preparation method of the pre- massif simulating piece 306 for excavating part is consistent with the preparation method of template layer 501 in road.By 50 after completing
Piece template layer 501 is connected with part 504 is detachably fixed, and install top fixed plate 502 and bottom fixed plate 503 composition pour mould
Board member 5, Fig. 8 and 9 is the schematic diagram of the formwork for placing component of secondary lining simulation layer and preliminary bracing simulation layer, mid-board examination
The formwork for placing component 5 for testing body 301 similarly makes, and Figure 10 and 11 is the structural representation of the formwork for placing component of mid-board test body
Figure.
2. plaster cast is made：
According to gypsum：Water：Gypsum glue=1:1:0.2 mass ratio configuration slurries, are filled into via slip casting funnel 6 and pour
In modular shuttering element 5, vibration tamper 1min is opened.48h is stood at aeration-drying, push pipe fixed plate 502 is dismantled, burst removes template
Layer 501, obtains the plaster cast of preliminary bracing simulation layer 302, secondary lining simulation layer 303 and mid-board test body 301.Beat
Grinding stone cream lining cutting, pastes the test elements such as foil gauge, and be assembled into massif simulating piece 306 according to the site marked in Figure 17
Embedded body 3.
3. model casing is filled：
Lime, sand, gypsum, blanc fixe ratio are determined by soil test, conduct after water mixing is mixed in mixer
Soil body simulation material 4 is filled in chamber 1, is filled during to detachable 103 height of action pane, the embedded body that placement is assembled
3, continue to fill, until stopping during 3 top earthing 1.2m of embedded body.According in Figure 15 during arrival setting position during filling
The test elements such as the embedded pressure cell in site.The top layer of earthing is flattened, indicator bracket 2 and dial gauge are installed.
4. simulation process and data acquisition；
The elements such as foil gauge, pressure cell and dial gauge are connected on data collecting instrument, data acquisition software, balance is opened
Data record is carried out after measuring point.Take out 6 pre-buried plates every time according to drilling depth, simulate the drilling depth of actual 3m/ circulations.First open
Left hole is dug, then excavates right hole, data record automatic Fitting post-plot such as 14, Figure 14 of ground settlement can see in whole process
Go out, the ground settlement of double-arched tunnel is U-shaped in skewness, the sedimentation of leading hole side is more than rear Hang Dong sides, and with opening
Digging the increase ground settlement journey of step increases trend, and the ground settlement that middle excavation drilling depth is caused is maximum.
The data that different pressures box is measured such as Figure 16, the result explanation tunnel excavation in Figure 16 will cause disturbance to country rock,
The pressure change of vault measuring point is more than abutment wall, and also greater than abutment wall, vault range of disturbance has exceeded one times of hole to the range of disturbance of vault
Footpath, abutment wall disturbance is smaller, range of disturbance within a Bei Dong footpaths, in strong intensity it is higher, pressure from surrounding rock change beyond a Bei Dong footpaths
It is smaller.On the whole entirely excavated and claim the stress of monitoring surface to increase with step increase is excavated.
Figure 18 can be seen that to be increased with this excavation step, and the strain of secondary lining increased, the tunnel before excavation monitoring face
Road is larger to the deformation effect of lining cutting, and the influence of the tunnel at excavation monitoring face rear to lining deformation is smaller.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process, including chamber (1), it is characterised in that the top of chamber (1)
It is outstanding to set indicator bracket (2), the embedded embedded body (3) in bottom of chamber (1), filling soil body simulation material (4) in chamber (1)；
Described embedded body (3) is tested including the first tunnel excavation test body, mid-board test body (301) and the second tunnel excavation
Body, the first tunnel excavation test body is identical with the structure of the second tunnel excavation test body；
First tunnel excavation experiment body includes preliminary bracing simulation layer (302), secondary lining simulation layer (303) successively from outside to inside
With massif simulating piece (306), massif simulating piece (306) includes multiple plates (3061) for being detachably connected setting side by side；
The thickness of described plates (3061) is 1cm；
Described massif simulating piece (306) is detachably connected by through the harness cord screw rod realization for setting；
Described preliminary bracing simulation layer (302), secondary lining simulation layer (303) and mid-board test body (301) use gypsum
Shaping is poured to be made；Plates (3061) in massif simulating piece (306) are foaming PVC plate；
Described preliminary bracing simulation layer (302), secondary lining simulation layer (303) and mid-board test body (301) pour mould
It is formwork for placing component to have, and formwork for placing component includes the top fixed plate, the multiple template that are detachably connected successively from top to bottom
Layer and bottom fixed plate；The shape to form part to be poured is performed etching to multiple template layer；
Slip casting groove is set in described top fixed plate, preliminary bracing simulation layer (302), secondary lining are etched on multiple template layer
The slip casting gap of simulation layer (303) or mid-board test body (301) shape, multiple template layer is cast in by slip casting groove by gypsum
Top fixed plate, multiple template layer and bottom fixed plate successively burst are removed in the slip casting gap of composition, after shaping is obtained final product just
Phase supporting simulation layer (302), secondary lining simulation layer (303) or mid-board test body (301).
2. the experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described indicator bracket
(2) including the singletree (203) being fixed at the top of chamber (1), the height adjusting equipment being hung under singletree (203)
(201) Magnetic gauge stand and with height adjusting equipment (201) being fixedly connected adsorbs bar (202).
3. the experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described height regulation structure
Part (201) includes U-shaped connector (2011), pin (2012), adjusting screw rod (2013) and adjusting nut (2014), U-shaped connection
The openend of head (2011) is arranged by pin (2012) and is suspended on singletree (203), and adjusting screw rod (2013) is through U-shaped company
The arc tips of joint (2011) are fixedly connected with U-shaped connector (2011), adjusting nut (2014) control Magnetic gauge stand absorption bar
(202) height on adjusting screw rod (2013) realizes the regulation to indicator bracket (2) suspension height.
4. the experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described chamber
(1) be square upper opening casing, the bottom of chamber (1) is leveling base plate (105), and the width face of chamber (1) is
The lateral side baffle (104) of monoblock, the length face of chamber (1) is the baffle plate (102) by framework (101) compartmentalization, and
The lower section in length face sets detachable operation window (103).
5. the experimental rig of simulation tunnel digging process as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that in the chamber (1)
Length face on vertical scale (106) and horizontal scale (107) are set.
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| CN105572308B true CN105572308B (en) | 2017-06-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107576761A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 成都理工大学 | Device for tunnel excavation off-load |
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| CN107103830B (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2019-08-13 | 同济大学 | The analogy method and used tool of tunnel excavation model test |
| CN107884548B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2023-12-15 | 西南石油大学 | Underground engineering geological disaster teaching demonstration device and method |
| CN108362864B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2023-08-29 | 北京交通大学 | Multifunctional combined tunnel excavation similar model test device |
| CN111537299B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2023-05-02 | 湘潭大学 | Rock stratum micro-disturbance continuous excavation method related to similar physical model |
| CN112485409B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2024-04-12 | 重庆交通大学 | Test model and method for simulating tunnel excavation |
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| JP3236809B2 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 2001-12-10 | 株式会社奥村組 | Method for winding support material assembled in a ring shape and apparatus for assembling support material |
| CN201650298U (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-24 | 同济大学 | Plane strain type model testing device capable of simulating the tunnel full-face excavation |
| CN202393607U (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-08-22 | 同济大学 | Underground digging simulation test box |
| CN103000068B (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-11-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Tunnel construction process simulating test method |
| CN203720123U (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-07-16 | 长安大学 | Cold region tunnel indoor testing device |
| CN204402498U (en) * | 2015-01-10 | 2015-06-17 | 长安大学 | A kind of multiple-arch tunnel structure for bias voltage landform |
| CN104833537B (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-03-30 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of similar model test device of simulation tunnel construction |
| CN204877506U (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-16 | 长安大学 | Indoor test device in han qu tunnel |
| CN105136507B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-08-24 | 长安大学 | The experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation and method |
| CN205374417U (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-07-06 | 长安大学 | Burst structural formula tunnel excavation test device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107576761A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 成都理工大学 | Device for tunnel excavation off-load |
| CN107576761B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-03-24 | 成都理工大学 | Test device for simulating tunnel excavation unloading |
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