CN105566061A - 一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法及其产品 - Google Patents
一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法及其产品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法及其产品。该方法以常压氧气或富氧空气为氧化剂,使用金属卟啉或它们的固载物作为催化剂,在无外加溶剂或共氧化还原剂的条件下进行,并通过该方法高选择性得到β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产品,主要氧化产物包括:松香芹醇、2,10-环氧蒎烷以及桃金娘烯醇,其中羟基化氧化产物1、3的总选择性>90%。本发明方法所用催化剂用量小、反应工艺简单、温度低、引发速率高、选择性好,可以均相催化,也可以固载后异相催化。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化的方法及其在桃金娘烯醇以及松香芹醇等β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产物制备中的工艺应用。
背景内容
桃金娘烯醇以及松香芹醇等是香料、医药和食品添加剂领域重要的天然碳基精细化学品和中间体,其高效合成工艺的开发和应用具有重要工业价值。工业生产中,α-或β-蒎烯在不同催化体系中的羟基化氧化反应是获得桃金娘烯醇以及松香芹醇的最主要途径,例如:刘伟等(化工技术与开发,2010,39(7):1-4)、朱卫国等(湘潭大学自然科学学报,1995,17(4):87-90)在V2O5系催化剂催化作用下,分别以SeO2或复合催化剂中的Fe2O3为氧化剂,将α-蒎烯选择性氧化成桃金娘烯醇,转化率和选择性皆在75%以上;Lloyd(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1942,64(4):1008-1009)以及DavidStallcup等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1941,63(12):3339-3341)以二氧化硒氧化β-蒎烯,在每摩尔β-蒎烯与二氧化硒摩尔比为1∶0.5时,主要得到松香芹醇,而当相应摩尔比提高到1∶1时,产物为松香芹醇和2,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]庚-1-烯-2-酮的混合物。
上述工艺虽然可以高选择性得到桃金娘烯醇和松香芹醇,但均以化学计量氧化剂二氧化硒为反应物,生产成本高、产物分离工艺复杂、环境污染严重。以分子氧为氧化剂,在无任何溶剂及氧化助剂存在下选择性氧化β-蒎烯,实现上述烯丙基氧化产物的制备,不仅可以实现β-蒎烯的绿色转化利用,还可以有效简化后处理工艺、大幅降低生产成本,是目前最有工业规模应用前景的工艺之一。Schenck等(Ibid,1954,584:177-198)用亚甲蓝作为光敏化剂,在异戊醇中以氧气为氧化剂对β-蒎烯进行光敏氧化,然后再用异丙醇铝还原,可以得到桃金娘烯醇,但末端烯烃对光敏化氧化的活性不高,反应时间较长。Menini(Appl.Catal.,A:Gen.,2004,269(1):117-121)以及Robles(J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.,2004,217(1):139-144)等用掺有Co或Mn的磁铁矿(Fe3-xMxO4,M=Mn、Co,x=0~0.75)作非均相催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下通过氧气直接将β-蒎烯氧化为松香芹醇、松香芹酮、桃金娘烯醇和桃金娘烯醛,转化率达到40%,桃金娘烯醇及松香芹醇的总选择性达近50%,但该工艺羟基化产物的选择性不高,且存在反应压力较高(10atm)、催化剂用量较大、反应周期过长等(24h)等问题,难以获得工业规模应用。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法及其产品,该方法以β-蒎烯为原料,在仿生催化剂金属卟啉的催化作用下,在无外加溶剂及氧化助剂体系中通过氧气或富氧空气进行氧化反应,减少了周围环境的危害,本方法所用催化剂用量小、价格低廉,催化反应工艺简单、温度低、引发速率高、选择性好,所得产物中选择性羟基化氧化产物>90%,该反应可以均相条件下催化,也可以固载后异相催化,为相关化合物的应用奠定了基础。
本发明采用的技术方案:一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,以β-蒎烯为原料,在仿生催化剂金属卟啉的催化作用下,在无外加溶剂及氧化助剂体系中通过富氧气体进行氧化反应,反应结束后过滤、中和、精馏分离得到β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产品;选用通式(I)的单金属卟啉中的一种或多种,或单金属卟啉的固载物作为催化剂;
通式(I)结构中金属原子M是过渡金属原子或镧系金属原子,R1、R2、R3是氢、烃基、取代烃基、硝基或卤素,配位基X为能与金属配位的原子或原子团;
所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产品主要成分包括:松香芹醇、桃金娘烯醇以及少量2,10-环氧蒎烷。
所述通式(I)中的金属原子M为Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pt、Pd或Tb;配位基X为吡啶、卤素、咪唑或乙酰基。
所述的烃基为含有1~3个直链碳的饱和或不饱和烃基,所述的取代烃基为含有1~4个直链碳的取代烷烃,所述取代烷基的取代基为卤素、氨基、羟基、羧基或酯基。
反应温度为50~120℃,反应时间1~12h。
催化剂浓度为1~100mg/kg。
所述富氧气体为氧气或富氧空气,气体流速为10~100mL/min。
所述单金属卟啉的固载物为硅胶、分子筛、氧化铝、二氧化钛、沸石、海泡石、多孔陶瓷、聚氯乙烯、聚过氧乙烯、聚苯乙烯、纤维素、壳聚糖、甲壳素或其改性物。
所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法得到的β-蒎烯氧化产品,β-蒎烯氧化主要产物包括:松香芹醇、2,10-环氧蒎烷以及桃金娘烯醇,其中烯丙位氧化产物松香芹醇以及的桃金娘烯醇的总选择性>90%。
有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,所用催化剂用量小、价格低廉,催化反应工艺简单、温度低、引发速率高、选择性好,β-蒎烯的转化率在5~30%之间,羟基化氧化的选择性在60~95%之间,最优反应条件下,氧化产品中烯丙位羟基化氧化产物总选择性>90%,该反应可以均相条件下催化,也可以固载后异相催化,催化剂固载后可以回收利用,具有较好的工业应用前景;
(2)本发明采用含有分子氧的氧气或富氧空气等绿色氧化剂,可以摒弃现有β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产物制备工艺过程中废酸、碱、盐的使用和排放,符合现代绿色化工工艺的基本要素和发展趋势;
(3)发明中所采用的氧化工艺为常压、低温反应过程,工艺过程简单,操作简便,对设备的要求低。
附图说明
图1为β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产物气相色谱图。松香芹醇(1)、2,10-环氧蒎烷(2)、桃金娘烯醇(3)。
具体实施方案
一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法:
第一步:以β-蒎烯反应底物,在氧气或富氧空气中反应,选用通式(I)的单金属卟啉或它们的固载物作为催化剂,进行反应。反应原料中主要组分的质量分数(GC法):β-蒎烯98.5%、莰烯1.2%;α-蒎烯1.2%。通式(I)中金属原子M可以是Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pt、Pd等过渡金属原子或Tb等镧系金属原子,R1可以是氢、卤素、苯基或取代苯基,R2、R3、R4可以是氢、烃基、取代烃基、硝基和卤素,R1中取代苯基的取代基为单个或多个硝基、卤素或烷氧基团;R2、R3、R4中烃基为含有1~3个直链碳的饱和或不饱和烃基,取代烃基为含有1~4个直链碳的取代烷烃,取代基为卤素、氨基、羟基、羧基或酯基。配位基X可以是吡啶、卤素、咪唑或乙酰基。有些金属卟啉含有X,有些可以不含有(比如Co)。所选用的催化剂可以是上述金属卟啉的一种或多种,也可以是上述金属卟啉与无机或有机高分子材料构成的固载金属卟啉。与上述金属卟啉构成固载金属卟啉催化剂的载体有:硅胶、分子筛、氧化铝、二氧化钛、沸石、海泡石、多孔陶瓷、聚氯乙烯、聚过氧乙烯、聚苯乙烯、纤维素、壳聚糖、甲壳素或它们的改性物。反应在无外加溶剂或共氧化还原剂的条件下进行,反应为常压反应,气体流速为10~100mL/min,反应温度为50~120℃,反应时间为1~12h。实验表明,所述的金属卟啉催化剂对氧气氧化β-蒎烯成β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产物具有良好的催化性能,随金属卟啉催化剂组成和反应温度及反应时间的变化,β-蒎烯的转化率在5~30%之间,羟基化氧化产物的选择性在60~95%之间。
第二步:将上述得到的反应液,经过过滤除去析出的固体催化剂,将滤液转移至蒸馏釜中,加入少量固体NaOH使滤液呈弱碱性,蒸馏分离未反应的β-蒎烯得到β-蒎烯烯丙位羟基化氧化粗产品,最后经过减压精馏后得到高纯度的β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产品。所述氧化产物主要包括:松香芹醇(1)、2,10-环氧蒎烷(2)以及桃金娘烯醇(3),其中烯丙位氧化产物1、3的总选择性>90%;
主要氧化产物的化学结构为:
原料、反应液、粗产品、终产品中各化合物含量取三苯基膦还原前后样品,使用毛细管气相色谱法进行反应跟踪和分析检验。
本发明中使用的GC分析的仪器及条件:ShimadsuGC2014AF型气相色谱仪,Rtx-5型石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×ID0.25mm×膜厚0.25μm),程序升温70℃(保留时间2min,升温速率3℃/min)→130℃(保留时间0min,升温速率3℃/min)→270℃(保留时间0min);检测器:FID检测器;检测器温度:280℃;进样器温度:280℃;载气:N2;进样量:1μL;内标物:正壬烷。
实施例1
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,搅拌后形成透明的均相溶液,将混合液加热至90℃,当加热温度升至设定温度时通入市售氧气,控制气体流速为60mL/min保温反应5h,产物通过GC进行跟踪分析,β-蒎烯转化率为18.6%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性90.7%。
反应液的后处理方法为:过滤除去析出的固体催化剂,将滤液转移至蒸馏釜中,加入少量固体NaOH使滤液呈弱碱性,蒸馏分离未反应的β-蒎烯后得到β-蒎烯羟基化氧化粗产品,粗产品经过精馏后得到β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产品,精馏后产品中主要成分为:松香芹醇、2,10-环氧蒎烷以及桃金娘烯醇。
实施例2
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Co,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应5h,β-蒎烯转化率为17.1%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性82.6%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例3
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Mn、X=Cl,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应,β-蒎烯转化率为17.2%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性76.2%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例4
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Cu,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应,β-蒎烯转化率为17.5%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性64.0%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例5
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Zn,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应,β-蒎烯转化率为17.8%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性47.5%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例6
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以20mL·min-1流速通入常压氧气,在90℃下搅拌反应5h,β-蒎烯转化率为11.0%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性90.0%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例7
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以100mL/min流速通入常压氧气,在90℃下搅拌反应5h,β-蒎烯转化率为30.6%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性65.7%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例8
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以60mL/min流速通入常压氧气,在50℃下搅拌反应5h,β-蒎烯转化率为0.8%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性98.6%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例9
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以60mL/min流速通入常压氧气,在120℃下搅拌反应5h,β-蒎烯转化率为19.4%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性73.4%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例10
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=乙酰基,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应,得β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产品。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例11
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=吡啶,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应,得β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产品。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例12
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以60mL/min流速通入常压氧气,在90℃下搅拌反应1h,β-蒎烯转化率为1.3%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性97.7%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例13
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入5mg(即催化剂浓度50mg/kg)溶于0.5mLCH2Cl2,具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以60mL/min流速通入常压氧气,在90℃下搅拌反应8h,β-蒎烯转化率为25.7%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性71.9%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例14
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入分子筛固载的5mg具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,以60mL/min流速通入常压氧气,在90℃下搅拌反应7h,β-蒎烯转化率为14.3%,羟基化氧化产物的选择性87.1%。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例15
在装有通气管、回流冷凝管、温度计的圆底烧瓶中加入计算量的β-蒎烯100g,加入壳聚糖固载的5mg具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,采用同实施例1相同的工艺及条件进行氧化反应,得β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产品。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例16
改用具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=I、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,的金属卟啉,其它条件及操作同实施例1,得β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产品。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
实施例17
改用具有结构式(I)的金属卟啉,其中R1=CH3、R2=NO2、R3=(CH2)2COOCH3、M=Fe、X=Cl,的金属卟啉,其它条件及操作同实施例1,得β-蒎烯羟基化氧化产品。反应液后处理方法同实施例1。
Claims (8)
1.一种β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于,以β-蒎烯为原料,在仿生催化剂金属卟啉的催化作用下,在无外加溶剂及氧化助剂体系中通过富氧气体进行氧化反应,反应结束后过滤、中和、精馏分离得到β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产品;选用通式(I)的单金属卟啉中的一种或多种,或单金属卟啉的固载物作为催化剂;
通式(I)结构中金属原子M是过渡金属原子或镧系金属原子,R1、R2、R3是氢、烃基、取代烃基、硝基或卤素,配位基X为能与金属配位的原子或原子团;
所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化产品主要成分包括:松香芹醇、2,10-环氧蒎烷以及桃金娘烯醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于:所述通式(I)中的金属原子M为Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pt、Pd或Tb;配位基X为吡啶、卤素、咪唑或乙酰基。
3.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于:所述的烃基为含有1~3个直链碳的饱和或不饱和烃基,所述的取代烃基为含有1~4个直链碳的取代烷烃,所述取代烷基的取代基为卤素、氨基、羟基、羧基或酯基。
4.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于:反应温度为50~120℃,反应时间1~12h。
5.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于:催化剂浓度为1~100mg/kg。
6.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于:所述富氧气体为氧气或富氧空气,气体流速为10~100mL/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法,其特征在于:所述单金属卟啉的固载物为硅胶、分子筛、氧化铝、二氧化钛、沸石、海泡石、多孔陶瓷、聚氯乙烯、聚过氧乙烯、聚苯乙烯、纤维素、壳聚糖、甲壳素或其改性物。
8.根据权利要求1所述β-蒎烯选择性羟基化氧化方法得到的β-蒎烯氧化产品,其特征在于:β-蒎烯氧化主要产物包括:松香芹醇、2,10-环氧蒎烷以及桃金娘烯醇,其中烯丙位氧化产物松香芹醇以及的桃金娘烯醇总选择性>90%。
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