CN105555928A

CN105555928A - Process for preparing torrefied biomass material using a combustible liquid

Info

Publication number: CN105555928A
Application number: CN201480051398.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 布伦特·维伦; 保罗·亚当斯; J·J·莫恩; 约翰·古德温; 拉里·布伦特·泰勒
Original assignee: TORREFUSION TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Current assignee: TORREFUSION TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Priority date: 2013-07-17
Filing date: 2014-07-17
Publication date: 2016-05-04
Also published as: KR20160044477A; RU2016105073A; US20160152911A1; CA2909200A1; CA2909200C; PH12016500107A1; RU2650113C2; MX2016000660A; MY179131A; WO2015006871A1

Abstract

A process for preparing torrefied densified biomass and/or torrefied densified biosolids comprising about 2% to about 25% w/w combustible liquid is disclosed. The process involves densifying biomass and/or biosolids, or providing a densified biomass and/or densified biosolids, and submerging the densified material in a hot combustible liquid for about 2 to about 120 minutes until the densified material is torrefied. The combustible liquid may be derived from any source exemplified by an oil such as those derived from plant, marine and animal sources, or alternatively, a petroleum product. The combustible liquid is heated to a temperature in the range of about 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C prior to submersion of the densified biomass material. Also disclosed is a torrefied densified biomass and/or torrefied densified biosolid comprising about 2% to about 25% w/w combustible liquid.

Description

Flammable liquid is used to prepare the method for the biological material of roasting

Technical field

The present invention relates to biomass and/or the biosolids of roasting, and especially, relate to a kind of comprise the biomass of the densification of the roasting of flammable liquid and/or the densification of roasting biosolids and use flammable liquid to prepare the biomass of the densification of this roasting and/or the method for biosolids.

Background technology

Along with the minimizing of fossil oil supply, biomass and biosolids are just becoming important energy derive.The burning of oil, coal and other fossil oil also causes pollutent and greenhouse gases to be released in sky G&W.Biomass and biosolids are reproducible, produce few greenhouse gases more remarkable in fossil oil and are extensively easy to get.But natural biomass and biosolids have low density usually, cause storage and the transport of poor efficiency.The low energy densities of natural biomass and biosolids and also counteracts that natural biomass and biosolids are as heat energy source or widely using as coal substitute compared with high-moisture percentage.

Recently, the natural biomass developed and the roasting of biosolids are that maximum temperature by described biomass and biosolids being slowly heated in anaerobic or low-oxygen environment about 300 DEG C is to be converted into a kind of charcoal pattern by described biomass and biosolids.Anoxic makes described biomass and/or biosolids avoid burning, but, described material is calcined.Slow heating biological matter and biosolids also cause the loss of quality, and this is because the volatile organic compounds (VOC) in natural biomass and biosolids is vaporized.Roasting also causes the cyto-architectural chemically changed of this material, causes the partial loss of quality and physical strength and loss of elasticity.Therefore, roasting also produces and has the friability of enhancing and the product of grindability index.In addition, the material of roasting is hydrophobic, therefore, to keep dry and insensitive to atmospheric moisture.It reduce that material rots when preserving, the risk of overheated and spontaneous combustion.

Existing roasting method needs the one in high pressure steam, high temperature inert gas or the superheated vapour in heat treating method usually.Also other sinter process adopting gas or pressure or vacuum method can be used.But, these prior aries of great majority can not with a kind of simple, easily, fast, practicality, safety, unification and the mode of economy effectively and practicably Wood Adhesives from Biomass is become the timber of roasting.Particularly, adopt the rare gas element of any kind or steam all to need to have the large containment system of a large amount of surface-area, equipment cost is high, and cost of energy is high, and processing speed is slow, and thus production cost is high always to operate inefficiency.For holding rare gas element or steam heat-transfer medium, these systems and equipment complicated and huge, and to consider with the high working pressure required for steam, often need heavy material.In addition, these systems often need super roasting biomass after an hour.Therefore, still there is challenge in prior art in extensibility.

Nearest roasting method also uses biological liquid (e.g., vegetables oil, soybean oil, Jie's caul-fat (canolaoil) or Tallow, beef), and paraffin series, oil, fused salt or paraffin, to heat and roasting biomass.But the shell for receiving fluids and roasting biomass that some in these technology need design complicated, and in roasting process, needs biomass by the pond of multiple receiving fluids, river or fluid compartment.Therefore, these techniques may need extra engineering project, complicated design and the roasting liquid of large volume.And these methods often need pre-heating stage and/or drying stage before calcination process, therefore, operation is expensive and consuming time.

Summary of the invention

Exemplary embodiment of the present invention relate generally to a kind of comprise the densification of the roasting of flammable liquid biomass and/or biosolids and use flammable liquid to prepare the biomass of the densification of this roasting and/or the method for biosolids, described flammable liquid for hydrocarbon, as the oil of plant-sourced, the oil in source, ocean, zoogenous oil, petroleum products and the product based on pitch.

Disclose the illustrative methods of the biosolids of the biomass of the densification for the preparation of roasting of the present invention and/or the densification of roasting at this, wherein use flammable liquid to come the biological material of roasting densification and/or the biological solid material of densification.This illustrative methods can comprise the one in two kinds of parent materials: the parent material that (i) starts can be natural biomass and/or biosolids, and it experiences densification before heating in flammable liquid; Or the parent material that (ii) starts can be the biomass of commercially ready-made densification and/or the biosolids of densification.

Illustrative methods of the present invention comprises the following steps substantially: densification natural biomass and/or biosolids; The material of densification is immersed in the flammable liquid of the temperature be heated within the scope of about 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C; And in the flammable liquid of this heating the material about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes of this densification of roasting to produce biomass and/or the biosolids of the densification of roasting.The material of the densification of the roasting obtained comprises the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w.The biomass of densification and/or biosolids directly can be transferred to flammable liquid from described densification operation to make any further minimum heat losses obtained in biomass/biosolids densification.Due to heating the biomass of densification and/or the biosolids of densification will need less heating in flammable liquid, the usefulness of the method can be improved like this.

After densification or by before in the material transfer of densification to flammable liquid, described method can comprise drying step further.Drying can complete jointly with densification.

Starting raw material also can comprise biomass and/or the biosolids of commercially available densification.Adopt these raw materials, do not need the densification step of beginning disclosed herein.

Treat the biological material of roasting can comprise any kind be derived from survival or the material of biology of recently surviving, and for plant biomass, as bagasse, cornstalk, straw, wheat straw, bamboo, switchgrass and hemp.Biological material also can comprise Wooden Biomass, as soft wood, hardwood, sawdust, yule logs (hogfuel) and wood by-product.Biosolids can be reclaim from the sewage or waste water sewage treatment process, obtain from municipal wastewater treating processes alternatively, from to obtain the industrial waste streams of fruits and vegetables treatment plant and fiber treatment factory alternatively, or alternatively, can be the agricultural wastes produced from livestock and poultry.These biomass and/or biosolids also can be the arbitrary combination of raw material described herein.

Illustrative methods disclosed herein also can be successive processes, semi-continuous process or batch process.In these processes, biological material being fed to nodulizer or briquetting press can be continuous print or semi-continuous or batch.Alternatively, if use the biomass of commercially available densification and/or the biosolids of densification, so by the material flows of these densifications to flammable liquid can be continuous print semi-continuous or batch.

Flammable liquid preferably comprises hydrocarbon, and it is can heat the oil of the plant-sourced of the paramount temperature to about 320 DEG C, the oil in source, ocean, zoogenous oil, petroleum products and the product based on pitch.Flammable liquid can be derived from arbitrarily source as, such as, be derived from the oil of plant origin, marine source, animal-origin, petroleum products and the product based on pitch.Such as, flammable liquid can be Jie's caul-fat, linseed oil, Trisun Oil R 80, Thistle oil, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil, plam oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, palm kernel oil, Oleum Cocois, sesame seed oil, sweet oil, Tallow, beef, fish oil, liver oil and composition thereof.Alternatively, flammable liquid can be the oil based on oil or the oil based on pitch, e.g., such as, and synthetic motor oil or the engine oil for 5W-30 and 10W-30 engine oil; Chain saw blade oil (achainsawbaroil); Chain oil; For the transmission mechanism liquid oils of automatic driver liquid (ATF) and liquid; Hydraulic liquid; Gear oil; Diesel oil fuel; Paraffin; Paraffin oil; Kerosene; Stove oil; And composition thereof.

And the biomass of the densification of roasting that by described herein method obtained open at this and/or biosolids can be absorbed in the flammable liquid between about 2% and 25% w/w in roasting process, and can have in absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound is extremely in absolutely dry base about 13, the heat energy value of 000BTU/ pound, or any amount between them.Heat energy value also can represent with lucky Jiao/metric ton (GJ/t), the biomass of the densification of the roasting obtained by method described herein and/or biosolids have in absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in the heat energy value of absolutely dry base about 27GJ/t, or any amount between them.

And the biomass of the densification of roasting that by described herein method obtained open at this and/or biosolids also can comprise in absolutely dry base about 50 carbon % in the carbon content of absolutely dry base about 65 carbon %, and also can be hydrophobic in nature.

Illustrative methods disclosed herein also can comprise for collecting and be separated in densification, drying and roasting process VOC, the collection and confinement of gases of steam and steam and the condenser system discharging and/or generate, for condensation with isolate the reusable energy.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In conjunction with reference to the following drawings, the present invention will be described, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the indicative flowchart of display for the preparation of an illustrative methods of the biological solid material of the biological material of the densification of roasting and/or the densification of roasting;

Fig. 2 is the indicative flowchart of display for the preparation of second illustrative methods of the biological solid material of the biological material of the densification of roasting and/or the densification of roasting;

Fig. 3 is the indicative flowchart shown for the densification of biomass material and an illustrative methods of roasting;

Fig. 4 is the indicative flowchart shown for the densification of yule logs raw material and an illustrative methods of roasting;

Fig. 5 (A) is the upper perspective view of illustrative embodiments of the calcination device for continuous, semicontinuous or batch production roasting method of the present invention, and particle of its display roasting exports from flammable liquid; Fig. 5 (B) is the upper perspective view of exemplary optional embodiment of the calcination device for continuous, semicontinuous or batch production roasting method of the present invention, and the biomass of densification and/or biosolids are loaded in the biomass/biosolids dosage case of densification;

Fig. 6 (A) is the upper perspective view of the calcination device shown in Fig. 5 (B), and the particle of display roasting exports from combustible solution; And Fig. 6 (B) is the upper perspective view of the calcination device shown in Fig. 5 (B), its display when the biomass of densification and/or the biosolids of densification carry out of the present invention continuous, semicontinuous or produce in batches roasting method time, the turning direction of the transport unit of calcination device;

Fig. 7 is the figure that display adopts the physicochemical change occurred in the inherent biomass material of for some time during exemplary roasting method process disclosed herein;

Fig. 8 shows with the graphic representation of the calorific value of the biomass material of exemplary roasting method process disclosed herein, the time period that wherein biomass material is processed different at different temperature;

Fig. 9 shows with the graphic representation of the calorific value of the biomass material of exemplary roasting method process disclosed herein, the time period that wherein biomass material is processed different at different temperature;

Figure 10 shows with the graphic representation of the carbon content of the biomass material of exemplary roasting method process disclosed herein, the time period that wherein biomass material is processed different at different temperature;

Figure 11 is the quality of display biomass material and the graphic representation that uses Jie caul-fat to absorb as the oil of the biomass material of flammable liquid processed different time period;

Figure 12 is the quality of display biomass material and the graphic representation that uses paraffin to absorb as the oil of the biomass material of flammable liquid processed different time period;

Figure 13 is presented at the figure according to the contrast in exemplary roasting method of the present invention between flammable liquid Jie caul-fat and the total losses of paraffin;

Figure 14 is presented at the figure reducing the contrast between (in %) according to the weight using Jie's caul-fat or paraffin as biomass material during flammable liquid in exemplary roasting method of the present invention;

Figure 15 is the figure being presented at the contrast absorbed according to the water of the biomass material of time periods processed different at different temperature in exemplary roasting method of the present invention;

Figure 16 is the figure that display adopts exemplary roasting method of the present invention processed cumulative time period and the contrast that the water of biomass material absorbs in the cumulative time period;

Figure 17 is that display adopts the different types of oil of exemplary roasting method of the present invention as the figure of total oil absorption of the biomass material of flammable liquid process;

Figure 18 is that display adopts the different types of oil of exemplary roasting method of the present invention as the figure of total oil absorption of the biomass material of flammable liquid process; And

Figure 19 is suitable for the side perspective view of the small-scale calcination device used in some exemplary roasting method disclosed herein.

Embodiment

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention relates to the biosolids comprised for the densification of the biomass of the densification of the roasting of the flammable liquid of hydrocarbon and/or roasting.Some illustrative embodiments relate to the method for the biosolids for the preparation of the biomass of the densification of the roasting comprising flammable liquid and/or the densification of roasting.Suitable flammable liquid is for the oil in the oil of plant-sourced, source, ocean, zoogenous oil, the product based on oil and the product based on pitch.

Exemplary roasting method disclosed herein reduces energy consumption compared with art methods while raising method efficiency and raw material output.Produce in process of production for the energy of VOC and steam, can via system recoveries for heating flammable liquid, and/or for the manufacture of the particle for roasting, and/or for the biomass of roasting densification.Be surprised to find, the oil that the biomass actual absorption of densification is few during this roasting method.Therefore, the flammable liquid used in the step of roasting can repeat to reclaim and recycle to process other biomass material, reduces input cost thus.In addition, the oil of any kind can be used for these methods, comprise and may contain the lower and more cheap oil of the unsaturated fatty value of high-content, further reduce input cost thus.It is noted that use the material of densification will reduce the calcination process time as biomass material, the example as provided at this is confirmed.

Roasting method disclosed herein does not need large spatial operation yet and can assemble easily and use, and particularly considers in the system that each step of this method does not need to connect completely at and occurs.For the moisture eliminator of roasting, densifier and receiving vessel, and cooling system separately can be deposited and assemble in different places.

And roasting method disclosed herein provides a kind of biomass of densification of roasting of quality-improving, this is the amount that the oil of the left on surfaces of biomass due to the densification in roasting reduces dust on biological surface and other combustible matl.Therefore the biomass of the densification of the roasting of being produced by illustrative methods are hydrophobic.Therefore, owing to not producing risk of explosion, illustrative methods produces the product of the densification being easy to the roasting of transporting and loading and transporting.The product of the densification of roasting can be easy to use as biofuel.

Suitable biomass material for illustrative methods and product disclosed herein comprises the vegetable material of results, below be classified as example: deciduous tree and softwood tree, it can be processed to fragment and/or sawdust and/or particle (pellets), comprise briquette (briquettes), and/or from the residue in wood working operation and wood waste, fibrous annual or perennial crop, as Salix, switchgrass, corn stalk, the straw that produces from harvesting grain and/or oilseed crops; Or to be obtained by the waste streams originating from processing fruits factory or vegetable processing plant or cereal source mill or oilseeds source mill, or the material obtained from the bagasse of sugarcane.Biological solid material is also suitable." biosolids " refers to any solid or semi-solid organic materials that reclaim in the sewage or waste water obtained from municipal wastewater treating processes in sewage treatment process as used herein, or alternatively, can be the agricultural waste of producing from livestock and poultry.

Due to compared to traditional fossil oil, biomass have lower energy content and lower energy density usually, and the use of biological material is restricted.The present invention relates to a kind of densification or granular biological material; it comprises the biomass that densification becomes briquette; roasting is carried out to increase the initial energy of natural biomass materials (such as parent material; compared with the loose biological material of 8lbs/cuft; the biomass of granulating or other densifications; as briquette, in butt, the high Energy value to 40lbs/cuft can be had).As this area understood, densification is the method for the density for increasing biomass, and the biomass of the densification of a lot of form are ready-made, as wood substance grain and briquette.And the various programs for densification biomass are known in the art and can adopt in the methods of the invention, e.g., but be not restricted to, extrude, briquetting, granulation and reunion.

Term " densification " refers to and is compressed to increase the biological material of its density as used herein.The biological material of this densification will be understood to the biomass of different shape modulus, and single fritter has homogeneous shape or non-homogeneous (non-non-uniform) shape.

Term " granular " refers to the biological material being compacted or being condensed into particle or be pressed into briquette as used herein.This particle can be any shape, and as cubes, particle, ice hockey shape (pucks), briquette and synthesized wood material, wherein single fritter has homogeneous shape or non-homogeneous shape.This briquette also can be arbitrary shape, e.g., is below classified as example: the Polygons (e.g., such as, pentagon, heptagon, octagon etc.) of square, rectangle, trilateral, tetragon or any regular or alternatively irregular polygon.Single fritter can have homogeneous shape or non-homogeneous shape, asymmetric shape or symmetric shape.

Hereinafter, term " densification " is densification with granular material on the whole by meaning, and comprises; but be not limited to, particle and briquette, it retains some moisture contents; as, such as, in the biomass and/or biological solid material of this densification, initial aqueous rate is at least about 1%.The biomass of this densification and/or biological solid material also can have at least about 1.5%, at least about 2%, at least about 2.5%, at least about 3%, at least about 3.5%, at least about 4%, at least about 4.5%, at least about 5%, at least about 5.5%, at least about 6%, at least about 6.5%, at least about 7%, at least about 7.5%, at least about 8%, at least about 8.5%, at least about 9%, at least about 9.5%, at least about 10%, at least about 11%, at least about 12%, at least about 13%, at least about 14%, at least about 15%, at least about 16%, at least about 17%, at least about 18%, at least about 19%, at least about the initial aqueous rate of 20%, or any water ratio between them.

Term " densification " will mean densification, granulating and briquetting method as used herein.In addition, the biological material of this densification also can mean as at this " particle ", " cubes " or " briquette ".But, the biomass that should be understood to densification referred in this do not comprise roasting and therefore cannot the charcoal coal briquette of roasting again.

As used herein, term " wet basis " or " as received basis " mean to obtain in the analysis by sample, the actual value of the biomass samples of the biological material sample of densification or the densification of roasting or chemical magnitude, and comprise, but be not limited to, water ratio, % ash content, % volatile matter, % fixed carbon, % sulphur, % carbon, % nitrogen, % oxygen and calorific value, as the heat energy value represented with Btu/lb, GJ/t and Kcal/kg.

As used herein, term " butt " means the theoretical value that calculated by " wet basis " or " as received basis " to provide just as not having moisture in sample, the result of the biomass samples of the biological material sample of densification or the densification of roasting is (if that is, it is absolutely dry; Total heating value as dry).Therefore, as used herein, term " absolutely dry base " means to have the theoretical value that zero can detect the biomass samples of the biological material sample of the densification of water ratio or the densification of roasting.

Roasting method of the present invention to relate generally in the flammable liquid biological material material of densification being immersed in the temperature in the scope being maintained at about 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 120 minutes, about 8 minutes to about 90 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 12 minutes to about 45 minutes, or the time period in the scope of about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes.

As used herein, term " flammable liquid " refers to the biological material then liquid of the biological material of this densification of roasting in this flammable liquid for contact and this densification of submergence wherein.Term " flammable liquid " can comprise the oil based on hydrocarbon, for the oil in the oil of plant-sourced, source, ocean, zoogenous oil, petroleum products and the product based on pitch, and also can comprise synthol or synthetic oil.The oil of suitable plant-sourced is for the mixture of the oil of Jie's caul-fat, linseed oil, Trisun Oil R 80, Thistle oil, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil, plam oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, palm kernel oil, Oleum Cocois, sesame seed oil, sweet oil and plant-sourced.Suitable zoogenous oil is for Tallow, beef, fried grease and liver oil among other things and composition thereof.The oil in suitable source, ocean is for the mixture of the oil in whale oil, seal oil, fish oil, algal oil and source, ocean.Example is classified as: synthetic motor oil and as the engine oil of 5W-30 and 10W-30 engine oil, chain saw blade oil (achainsawbaroil), chain oil, transmission mechanism liquid oils and liquid (as automatic driver liquid (ATF)), hydraulic liquid, gear oil, diesel oil fuel, paraffin, paraffin oil, kerosene, stove oil and other (amongothers) below suitable petroleum products, and composition thereof.Suitable synthol or synthetic oil can by the production of Fei Xier-Te Luopuxi conversion method and for pyrolysis wet goods.This flammable liquid may also be the arbitrary combination of the oil of plant-sourced, the oil in source, ocean, zoogenous oil, petroleum products and synthol or oil.The flammable liquid used in the present invention can be heated to the temperature up to 320 DEG C further, as used in this, flammable liquid does not light the material of densification for the biological material heating densification in oxygen-free environment with roasting, instead of the biological material of densification is soaked with flammable liquid, or alternatively, and do not cause the absorption of the biological material of densification to flammable liquid significantly to increase.

The product of roasting method disclosed herein is biomass and/or the biological solid material of roasting/densification, and it retains a part of flammable liquid and has the hydrophobicity of height.The biomass of the densification of the roasting obtained by method disclosed herein and/or biosolids can be absorbed in the flammable liquid between about 2% and about 25% w/w during roasting process, or any amount between them.Such as, unrestricted, in the biomass of the densification of roasting, the amount of the flammable liquid of absorption and reservation can be the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 24% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 23% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 22% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 21% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 20% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 19% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 18% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 17% w/w, or any amount between them, as, such as, the flammable liquid of 3% w/w, the flammable liquid of 4% w/w, the flammable liquid of 5% w/w, the flammable liquid of 6% w/w, the flammable liquid of 7% w/w, the flammable liquid of 8% w/w, the flammable liquid of 9% w/w, the flammable liquid of 10% w/w, the flammable liquid of 11% w/w, the flammable liquid of 12% w/w, the flammable liquid of 13% w/w, the flammable liquid of 14% w/w, the flammable liquid of 15% w/w, the flammable liquid of 16% w/w, or any amount between them.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that biomass of the present invention and/or biological solid material have the heat energy value of a scope.The example energy value scope of the biomass and/or biosolids of knowing densification for about 4,300BTU/ pounds are to about 12,800BTU/ pounds, can be depended on the water ratio of raw material and raw material by those skilled in the art.Such as, those skilled in the art will know timber and usually have 20% moisture (air butt) about 6,400BTU/ pound in absolutely dry base about 7, the energy content of 600 to about 9,600BTU/ pounds (or 20% moisture is about 15GJ/t in absolutely dry base about 18-22GJ/t), and agriculture residues, as switchgrass, there are about 4,300BTU/ pounds to about 7, the energy content of 300BTU/ pound (or about 10-17GJ/t), depends on the water ratio of agriculture residues.In addition, those skilled in the art will know the energy content that charcoal has about 12,800BTU/ pounds.Therefore, the scope of heat energy value after understanding roasting also can change by technician, compare the biomass and/or biological solid material with higher initial thermal energy value, those biomass and/or the biological solid material with low initial heat energy value produce the end product had compared with low calorie value.In addition, as said, different factors may be changed, as, but be not limited to, the kind of the flammable liquid of Immersion time in flammable liquid of the biomass of the density of the biomass of densification, the temperature of flammable liquid, densification and use, obtains specific heat energy value with the biomass and/or biological solid material that make the densification of roasting of the present invention.

Therefore the biomass of the densification of roasting of the present invention and/or biosolids can have in absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound is extremely in absolutely dry base about 13, the heat energy value of 000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them, such as, in absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound in absolutely dry base about 12,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 11,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 10,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 9,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 9,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 13,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them, e.g., such as, in absolutely dry base about 9,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 10,000BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 10,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 11,000BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 11,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 12,000BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 12,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 13,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them.Heat energy value also can represent with lucky Jiao/metric ton (GJ/t).Therefore the biomass of the densification of roasting and/or biosolids can comprise in absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in the heat energy value of absolutely dry base about 27GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them, such as, in absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 26.5GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 26GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 26GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 25GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 24GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; Or in absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 23GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them.

In addition, the biomass of the densification of roasting disclosed herein can have in absolutely dry base about 50 carbon % extremely in the carbon content of absolutely dry base about 65 carbon %, or any amount between them.Such as, but be not limited to, the carbon content of the biomass of the densification of roasting can be in absolutely dry base about 51 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 52 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 53 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 54 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 55 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 56 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 57 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 58 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 59 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 60 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 61 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 62 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 63 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 64 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 65 carbon %, or any amount between them.

The end product of roasting can wear into particulate and/or powder type easily, is particularly suitable for using as the fuel for generation of power and/or heat.In addition, the material of roasting can be easily transported and preserve and be hydrophobic in nature.

The indicative flowchart that shows in Fig. 1 illustrates the biomass of densification of roasting and/or the illustrative methods of biological solid material for the preparation of having the energy density values higher than the biological material of non-roasting of the present invention.In this embodiment, initial natural biomass materials 2 is not by densification and the method for biological material of the densification of preparation roasting comprises natural biomass materials 2 is dry and the closely knit initial step changing into the biological material 20 of densification.For roasting process, container 10 is received to be filled with flammable liquid 12 as above.Flammable liquid 12 is heated to up to about 160 DEG C to the temperature within the scope of about 320 DEG C, and the biological material 20 of densification is soaked in the flammable liquid 12 receiving heat in container 10, the biological material 20 of densification is completely submerged in the flammable liquid 12 of heat to manufacture " anaerobic " environment.The flammable liquid 12 of heat can be maintained at about the temperature within the scope of 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C or the arbitrary temp between them.Alternatively, the temperature of the flammable liquid 12 of heat can change during this process between about 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C.No matter flammable liquid 12 keeps at a certain temperature or changes during this process, the temperature of the biomass 20 of densification is elevated to about 160 DEG C to the temperature within the scope of about 320 DEG C from its initial temperature, or the arbitrary temp between them.In this heat-processed, most of moisture is driven out of from the biomass 20 of densification and the biomass 20 of densification suck heat energy in thermo-negative reaction.The biomass 20 of densification also experience chemistry and structural changes and the VOC discharged in some biomass 20 being contained in densification.The biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting obtained are shifted out from receiving container 10 and cools in cooling system 32.

The process densification method of any kind described in this area can be adopted in the method for the invention to produce the biological material 20 for the densification of roasting.Such as; densifier 5 can be nodulizer known in the art; and the extrusion that can comprise for the production of particle (comprises; such as particle pulverizes forcing machine, screw extrusion press); beater grinder, piston press, wheel pressure machine or biomass are pressed into the briquetting press of briquette, maybe can relate to reunion.Densification also can be included in densification process adds particle adherence thing to ensure that granular mass is kept.Process densification method also can comprise and carrys out natural biomass materials 2 described in preheating and melting by mechanical effect and friction and heat, and volume is obviously reduced, and some moisture and air are eliminated and biomass temperature is raised.After natural biomass materials 2 is by densification, the biomass 20 of the densification obtained experience roasting process.

To present invention also offers before densification/or moisture eliminator 7 can be used afterwards and before firing to reduce the moisture content in natural biomass materials 2.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and can use any moisture eliminator known in the art, e.g., such as, Altentech ^tMbiovertidryer ^tM(can from Altentech ^tMutility companies obtains, Vancouver, BC, Canada), and densifier 5.Drying process can be useful for the biological material 20 heating densification before firing further, improves the efficiency of roasting process thus.

Moisture eliminator 7 and/or densifier 5 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination) can be positioned near the receiving container 10 of accommodation flammable liquid 12.Adopt such layout, the biomass 20 of densification directly can be transferred to from densifier 5 and/or moisture eliminator 7 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination) and receive container 10 and biomass 20 without the need to cooling this densification between.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by the effect of densifier and natural materials is merged into product closely, densifier produces a large amount of heat, therefore produces the product of the densification of heating.Moisture eliminator known in the art also can adopt a large amount of heat to extract moisture from natural biomass, increases the heat of the product of densification thus further.Therefore, the biomass 20 of densification are in the temperature of a projecting temperature after just densification and/or drying.The biomass 20 of densification being directly transferred to from densifier 5 and/or moisture eliminator 7 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination) receives container 10 can help to reduce further the cost of roasting biomass and improve the usefulness of this process, and this is that the initial temperature of the biomass 20 of densification owing to entering flammable liquid 12 is higher than surrounding temperature.Alternatively, can be cooled before the biomass 20 of densification are transferred to receiving container 10 from densifier 5 and/or moisture eliminator 7 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination).

Importantly, the invention provides carried out densification before contacting with the oil of any kind; Namely, densification natural biomass materials 2 (or the biomass 20 of densification are used as parent material) before contacting with any oil of flammable liquid.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that fat and oil may affect vapor absorption and reduction can graininess.Fat and oil can be used during granulating, but be generally used for lubricated dies and can smooth and easyly start after ensureing mold cools down.Oil mixes with the natural biologic material after densification with cleaning die instead of the actual granulation for biomass before closing.In fact; can preserve after granulation the saturated biomass of the oil that comes from pressing granula machine reusing in bolt down procedure subsequently (see; such as; Kofman; PD. " Theproductionofwoodpellets. " CofordConnects; Processing/ProductsNo.10, pages1-6,2012).Therefore, be coated with the art methods of biomass with oil before densification compared with, the invention provides a kind of biomass of densification of roasting of improvement.

Receive container 10 can be the container that can be heated to temperature up to about 320 DEG C and any kind of the flammable liquid of the heat of the temperature up to about 320 DEG C can be held within the time period extended.Therefore, be appreciated that receiving container 10 to be that one is simple designs.Such as, receive container 10 can be commercially available Fryer, be below classified as example: fryer (PITCO is the registered trademark of PitcoFrialator company, Burlinton, vermont, the U.S.), fryer (VULCAN is the registered trademark of Vulcan-Hart company, Chicago, Illinois, the U.S.), (FRYMASTER is the registered trademark of Frymaster limited liability company, Shreveport, Louisiana, the U.S.), Southbend Fryer or fryer (DEAN is the registered trademark of Frymaster limited liability company, Shreveport, Louisiana, the U.S.); Or, receive container 10 can be can by from low temperature direct heating to about 320 DEG C, and the drum of the arbitrary size of the flammable liquid of the temperature of about 320 DEG C, case, pot or other containers can be held within the time period extended.Receive container 10 also can make the size of biomass 20 together with flammable liquid 12 of the densification of receivability requirement fully.

Flammable liquid 12 can adopt receives the thermal source immediately below container 10 heat or use external heat source to heat flammable liquid 12, and the service temperature that one reaches it is just transferred in receiving container 10.External heat source can be, such as, has the nuclear reactor that appropriate heat exports, the stove of coal combustion or Sweet natural gas, or the biological coal that a part is produced, the heat exchanger that with or without is extra.

Being interpreted as, in order to minimize the cost of illustrative methods described herein, receiving the amount of the size of container 10 and the flammable liquid 12 of use can be restricted to size and the amount of the biomass 20 treating the densification of roasting being enough to complete submergence specified quantitative.And, if the biomass of densification 20 comprise particle or the briquette of reduced size, then also can use the flammable liquid of small amount.Correspondingly, in order to make this method more efficient and cost less, illustrative methods described here can change, and can adjust according to the demand of user.

As mentioned above, flammable liquid 12 can be heated at the temperature within the scope of about 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, and flammable liquid 12 can maintain this temperature during roasting process.In further example, the temperature that flammable liquid 12 can be heated to and maintain can change in the scope between about 180 DEG C to about 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 180 DEG C to about 300 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 310 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 300 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 290 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 280 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 270 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 260 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 250 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C to about 240 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 300 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 290 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 280 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 270 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 260 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 250 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C to about 240 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, can be maybe about 162 DEG C, 165 DEG C, 168 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 172 DEG C, 175 DEG C, 178 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 181 DEG C, 182 DEG C, 183 DEG C, 184 DEG C, 185 DEG C, 186 DEG C, 187 DEG C, 188 DEG C, 189 DEG C, 190 DEG C, 191 DEG C, 192 DEG C, 193 DEG C, 194 DEG C, 195 DEG C, 196 DEG C, 197 DEG C, 198 DEG C, 199 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 201 DEG C, 202 DEG C, 203 DEG C, 204 DEG C, 205 DEG C, 206 DEG C, 207 DEG C, 208 DEG C, 209 DEG C, 210 DEG C, 211 DEG C, 212 DEG C, 213 DEG C, 214 DEG C, 215 DEG C, 216 DEG C, 217 DEG C, 218 DEG C, 219 DEG C, 220 DEG C, 221 DEG C, 222 DEG C, 223 DEG C, 224 DEG C, 225 DEG C, 226 DEG C, 227 DEG C, 228 DEG C, 229 DEG C, 230 DEG C, 231 DEG C, 232 DEG C, 233 DEG C, 234 DEG C, 235 DEG C, 236 DEG C, 237 DEG C, 238 DEG C, 239 DEG C, 240 DEG C, 241 DEG C, 242 DEG C, 243 DEG C, 244 DEG C, 245 DEG C, 248 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 252 DEG C, 255 DEG C, 258 DEG C, 260 DEG C, 262 DEG C, 264 DEG C, 266 DEG C, 268 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 272 DEG C, 274 DEG C, 276 DEG C, 278 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 282 DEG C, 284 DEG C, 286 DEG C, 288 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 292 DEG C, 294 DEG C, 296 DEG C, 298 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 302 DEG C, 304 DEG C, 306 DEG C, 308 DEG C, 310 DEG C, 312 DEG C, 314 DEG C, 316 DEG C, 318 DEG C, 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them.

The temperature of further imagination flammable liquid 12 can heat in stepped mode.This staged heating can complete in single receiving container 10, and the flammable liquid making this identical is heated to initial temperature and is then heated to the temperature of the rising of the biomass 20 for roasting densification.Single receiving container 10 is adopted to reduce to the biomass 20 shifting densification between multiple receiving container 10, use the flammable liquid 12 of multiple volume and heat the relevant any cost of the flammable liquid 12 of multiple volume.

Flammable liquid 12 can be heated to an initial lower temperature before the biomass 20 of loading densification.When the biomass 20 of densification are immersed in certain hour section in the flammable liquid 12 being in lower initial temperature, flammable liquid 12 can be heated to a higher temperature for roasting.This staged heating of the biomass 20 of flammable liquid 12 and densification can make process more efficient and cost less, and this is that the biomass 20 that can be used for heating densification due to this initial lesser temps make its starting temperature to one from it higher temperature also can be used to make most of moisture release the biomass 20 of densification; On the other hand, higher temperature can be adopted in the biomass 20 of shorter time period roasting densification.Correspondingly, because higher temperature needs the shorter time period, less energy may be needed.For example, flammable liquid 12 can by initial heating to the temperature within the scope of about 110 DEG C to about 200 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, as, but be not limited to, about 110 DEG C, 112 DEG C, 114 DEG C, 116 DEG C, 118 DEG C, 120 DEG C, 122 DEG C, 124 DEG C, 126 DEG C, 128 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 132 DEG C, 134 DEG C, 136 DEG C, 138 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 142 DEG C, 144 DEG C, 148 DEG C, 150 DEG C, 151 DEG C, 152 DEG C, 153 DEG C, 154 DEG C, 155 DEG C, 156 DEG C, 157 DEG C, 158 DEG C, 159 DEG C, 160 DEG C, 161 DEG C, 162 DEG C, 163 DEG C, 164 DEG C, 165 DEG C, 166 DEG C, 167 DEG C, 168 DEG C, 169 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 171 DEG C, 172 DEG C, 173 DEG C, 174 DEG C, 175 DEG C, 176 DEG C, 177 DEG C, 178 DEG C, 179 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 182 DEG C, 185 DEG C, 188 DEG C, 190 DEG C, 192 DEG C, 195 DEG C, 198 DEG C, 200 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them.The biomass 20 of densification can lower temperature submergence about 2 minutes to about 30 minutes, or the random time amount between them, as, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 15.5, 16, 16.5, 17, 17.5, 18, 18.5, 19, 19.5, 20, 20.5, 21, 21.5, 22, 22.5, 23, 23.5, 24, 24.5, 25, 25.5, 26, 26.5, 27, 27.5, 28, 28.5, 29, 29.5, 30 minutes, or the random time amount between them.After the initial time period of heat treated, flammable liquid 12, biomass 20 containing the densification be immersed in wherein, the temperature to about 180 DEG C to about 320 DEG C can be further heated, or the arbitrary temp between them, as, but be not limited to, about 181 DEG C, 182 DEG C, 183 DEG C, 184 DEG C, 185 DEG C, 186 DEG C, 187 DEG C, 188 DEG C, 189 DEG C, 190 DEG C, 191 DEG C, 192 DEG C, 193 DEG C, 194 DEG C, 195 DEG C, 196 DEG C, 197 DEG C, 198 DEG C, 199 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 201 DEG C, 202 DEG C, 203 DEG C, 204 DEG C, 205 DEG C, 206 DEG C, 207 DEG C, 208 DEG C, 209 DEG C, 210 DEG C, 211 DEG C, 212 DEG C, 213 DEG C, 214 DEG C, 215 DEG C, 216 DEG C, 217 DEG C, 218 DEG C, 219 DEG C, 220 DEG C, 221 DEG C, 222 DEG C, 223 DEG C, 224 DEG C, 225 DEG C, 226 DEG C, 227 DEG C, 228 DEG C, 229 DEG C, 230 DEG C, 231 DEG C, 232 DEG C, 233 DEG C, 234 DEG C, 235 DEG C, 236 DEG C, 237 DEG C, 238 DEG C, 239 DEG C, 240 DEG C, 241 DEG C, 242 DEG C, 243 DEG C, 244 DEG C, 245 DEG C, 248 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 252 DEG C, 255 DEG C, 258 DEG C, 260 DEG C, 262 DEG C, 264 DEG C, 266 DEG C, 268 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 272 DEG C, 274 DEG C, 276 DEG C, 278 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 282 DEG C, 284 DEG C, 286 DEG C, 288 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 292 DEG C, 294 DEG C, 296 DEG C, 298 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 302 DEG C, 304 DEG C, 306 DEG C, 308 DEG C, 310 DEG C, 312 DEG C, 314 DEG C, 316 DEG C, 318 DEG C, 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them.The biomass 20 of densification can higher temperature calcination about 2 minutes to about 60 minutes, or the random time amount between them, as, 2.5 minute, 3 minutes, 3.5 minute, 4 minutes, 4.5 minute, 5 minutes, 5.5 minute, 6 minutes, 6.5 minute, 7 minutes, 7.5 minute, 8 minutes, 8.5 minute, 9 minutes, 9.5 minute, 10 minutes, 10.5 minutes, 11 minutes, 11.5 minutes, 12 minutes, 12.5 minutes, 13 minutes, 13.5 minutes, 14 minutes, 14.5 minutes, 15 minutes, 15.5 minutes, 16 minutes, 16.5 minutes, 17 minutes, 17.5 minutes, 18 minutes, 18.5 minutes, 19 minutes, 19.5 minutes, 20 minutes, 20.5 minutes, 21 minutes, 21.5 minutes, 22 minutes, 22.5 minutes, 23 minutes, 23.5 minutes, 24 minutes, 24.5 minutes, 25 minutes, 25.5 minutes, 26 minutes, 26.5 minutes, 27 minutes, 27.5 minutes, 28 minutes, 28.5 minutes, 29 minutes, 29.5 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes, 34 minutes, 36 minutes, 38 minutes, 40 minutes, 42 minutes, 44 minutes, 46 minutes, 48 minutes, 50 minutes, 52 minutes, 54 minutes, 56 minutes, 58 minutes, 60 minutes, or the random time amount between them.

The biological material 20 of densification is directly loaded into by the present invention's imagination to be received in container 10.Alternatively, the biological material 20 of densification can be loaded in upholder 22, and then it be immersed in receives in container 10.

When using upholder 22 in illustrative methods, directly contact with flammable liquid 12 to allow the biological material 20 of densification, upholder 22 can be the upholder of any kind, as long as it can hold the raw material of the densification treating roasting and receive coupling in container 10 and it is for receiving the flammable liquid in container 10 to be permeable, but is impermeable for the raw material of densification.So, upholder 22 stops the biomass 30 of the biomass 20 of densification or the densification of roasting be included in upholder 22 to drop out from upholder 22, allows flammable liquid 12 to flow through upholder 22 with heating and the biomass 20 of roasting densification simultaneously.Such as, in the case of unrestricted, upholder 22 can be wire filter type basket or wire cloth basket or in its outer wall the basket of the other types of tape punching.Be interpreted as that upholder 22 can stand the hot of flammable liquid 12 and can be heated to the time period of the temperatures extend up to about 320 DEG C.

Assuming that the biomass 20 of densification are completely submerged in flammable liquid 12, this flammable liquid 12 is heated to the temperature within the scope of about 160 DEG C to about 280 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, the biomass 20 of densification are heated to the temperature within the scope of about 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, to complete roasting process.In further example, the temperature of the biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting at the end of illustrative methods can change in the scope of about 180 DEG C to about 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 180 DEG C to about 300 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 310 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 300 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 290 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 280 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 270 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 260 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 250 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 200 DEG C and about 240 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 300 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 290 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 280 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 270 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 260 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 250 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, between about 220 DEG C and about 240 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, can be maybe about 162 DEG C, 165 DEG C, 168 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 172 DEG C, 175 DEG C, 178 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 181 DEG C, 182 DEG C, 183 DEG C, 184 DEG C, 185 DEG C, 186 DEG C, 187 DEG C, 188 DEG C, 189 DEG C, 190 DEG C, 191 DEG C, 192 DEG C, 193 DEG C, 194 DEG C, 195 DEG C, 196 DEG C, 197 DEG C, 198 DEG C, 199 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 201 DEG C, 202 DEG C, 203 DEG C, 204 DEG C, 205 DEG C, 206 DEG C, 207 DEG C, 208 DEG C, 209 DEG C, 210 DEG C, 211 DEG C, 212 DEG C, 213 DEG C, 214 DEG C, 215 DEG C, 216 DEG C, 217 DEG C, 218 DEG C, 219 DEG C, 220 DEG C, 221 DEG C, 222 DEG C, 223 DEG C, 224 DEG C, 225 DEG C, 226 DEG C, 227 DEG C, 228 DEG C, 229 DEG C, 230 DEG C, 231 DEG C, 232 DEG C, 233 DEG C, 234 DEG C, 235 DEG C, 236 DEG C, 237 DEG C, 238 DEG C, 239 DEG C, 240 DEG C, 241 DEG C, 242 DEG C, 243 DEG C, 244 DEG C, 245 DEG C, 248 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 252 DEG C, 255 DEG C, 258 DEG C, 260 DEG C, 262 DEG C, 264 DEG C, 266 DEG C, 268 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 272 DEG C, 274 DEG C, 276 DEG C, 278 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 282 DEG C, 284 DEG C, 286 DEG C, 288 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 292 DEG C, 294 DEG C, 296 DEG C, 298 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 302 DEG C, 304 DEG C, 306 DEG C, 308 DEG C, 310 DEG C, 312 DEG C, 314 DEG C, 316 DEG C, 318 DEG C, 320 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, before shifting out from receiving container 10, in the temperature of the biomass 30 of roasting process end roasting densification, initial natural materials will be depended on, the biomass 20 of densification are immersed in the time in the flammable liquid 12 of heating, the kind of the flammable liquid 12 of use and the temperature of flammable liquid 12.

During the biomass 20 of densification are immersed in flammable liquid 12 and during roasting process, the biomass 20 of densification absorb flammable liquid 12, make the biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting produced retain the flammable liquid 12 of some absorptions.The amount of the flammable liquid 12 in biomass 30 that are that absorbed by the biomass 20 of densification and that be retained in the densification after roasting depends on some different factors, comprise, such as, the physicochemical property of starting raw material, the density of the biomass 20 of densification, the amount of starting raw material, the Immersion time of biomass 20 in flammable liquid 12 of densification, the flammable liquid 12 of use and the temperature of flammable liquid 12.As further illustrated and describe in embodiment 4 and 5, the absorption of biomass 20 pairs of flammable liquids 12 of densification will not occur with a constant speed.Compare the uptake rate roasting process deuterogenesis, flammable liquid 12 is initially absorbed with a higher rate.Such as, the flammable liquid between the biomass about 9% that the contribution ratios when roasting process starts can be the absolutely dry densification of input of every quality to about 18% w/w, or the arbitrary ratio between them, as, but be not limited to, about 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, or the arbitrary ratio between them.After the initial higher rate of the absorption of flammable liquid 12, contribution ratios declines and during roasting process, remains on a complete constant ratio for some time.The lower ratio occurred during roasting process stage casing can for the flammable liquid between the biomass about 6% of the absolutely dry densification of input of every quality to about 14% w/w, or the arbitrary ratio between them, e.g., but be not limited to, about 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, or the arbitrary ratio between them.If find that the biomass 20 of densification are immersed in long period section in flammable liquid 12, the contribution ratios of biomass 20 pairs of flammable liquids 12 of densification reduces greatly.Such as, the ratio absorbed in the roasting process later stage can be the flammable liquid between about 2% to about 10% w/w of the biomass initial absorption ratio of the absolutely dry densification of input of every quality, or the arbitrary ratio between them, as, but be not limited to, about 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or the arbitrary ratio between them.If the biomass of densification 20 are the submergence a very long time in flammable liquid 12, the contribution ratios of biomass 20 pairs of flammable liquids 12 of densification also may drop to negative ratio.It seems because roasting process keeps time period of ever-increasing prolongation, some roasting process comparatively early the stage may be discharged by the flammable liquid 12 that the biomass 20 of densification absorb from the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting.As above disclosed, along with time lapse, the ratio of absorption with higher ratio, constant ratio, the lower ratio of absorption or negative ratio occur; That is, the loss of the flammable liquid caused by the biomass 20 of the densification of roasting is one or more by what depend in the amount of the physicochemical property of the temperature of flammable liquid 12, starting raw material, starting raw material, flammable liquid 12, the kind of flammable liquid 12 used and other factors.But, it is evident that, the uptake rate change of biomass 20 pairs of flammable liquids 12 of densification during roasting process, make, contribution ratios is initially higher, subsequently along with time decreased and, finally, the loss of some flammable liquids 12 absorbed in early days in this process may be caused.Find based on these, the time length of roasting process can be changed to obtain the biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting of the flammable liquid 12 being wherein absorbed with different amount.

The time quantum that the biomass 20 of densification are immersed in flammable liquid 12 may change to some extent according to different variablees, as, such as, the character of starting raw material, comprise its size and initial temperature, receive the size of container 10, for the amount of the starting raw material of roasting, the amount of flammable liquid 12, the physicochemical property of biomass 30 expectation of the kind of flammable liquid 12 and the densification of roasting, as quality, the amount being included in oil wherein, carbon content, hydrophobic property and heat energy value (BTU/ pound or GJ/t).For example, the Immersion time of biomass 20 in flammable liquid 12 of densification can change from about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, as, such as, from about 2 minutes to about 110 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 100 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 90 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 80 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 75 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 70 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 75 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 70 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 65 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 60 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 55 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 50 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 45 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 40 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 35 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 30 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 25 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 2 minutes to about 20 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 55 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 50 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 45 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 40 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 35 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 25 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, from about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, or about 2 minutes, 2.5 minute, 3 minutes, 3.5 minute, 4 minutes, 4.5 minute, 5 minutes, 5.5 minute, 6 minutes, 6.5 minute, 7 minutes, 7.5 minute, 8 minutes, 8.5 minute, 9 minutes, 9.5 minute, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, 21 minutes, 22 minutes, 23 minutes, 24 minutes, 25 minutes, 26 minutes, 27 minutes, 28 minutes, 29 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes, 34 minutes, 36 minutes, 38 minutes, 40 minutes, 42 minutes, 44 minutes, 46 minutes, 48 minutes, 50 minutes, 52 minutes, 54 minutes, 56 minutes, 58 minutes, 60 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them.

After the biomass 20 of densification are immersed in the time expected in flammable liquid 12, from receiving the biomass 30 regaining the densification of roasting container 10.Receive in container 10 if the biomass of densification 20 are loaded directly into, then the utensil of any kind can be adopted from receiving the biomass 30 regaining the densification of roasting container 10.Preferably, the amount of the flammable liquid 12 of the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting has been removed in restriction by the utensil of use, because present method imagination re-uses flammable liquid 12.For example, this utensil can be perforate utensil, e.g., but is not limited to, and the spoon of trough of belt can be maybe a pair pliers, tweezers, fire tongs etc.If upholder 22 is received in container 10 for the biomass 20 of densification being loaded into, so upholder 22, be included in roasting wherein densification biomass 30 together with shift out from receiving container 10.

Minimize to make the amount of the flammable liquid 12 shifted out together with the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, and thus, flammable liquid 12 as much as possible can be re-used, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, or comprise roasting densification biomass 30 upholder 22 can receiving container 10 above keep about 15 seconds to about 150 seconds, or the random time between them, drain off to make the flammable liquid 12 in the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting and flammable liquid 12 is dropped in and receive in container 10 to re-use.Such as, but be not limited to, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, or upholder 22 can keep about 15 seconds above receiving container 10, 16 seconds, 17 seconds, 18 seconds, 19 seconds, 20 seconds, 21 seconds, 22 seconds, 23 seconds, 24 seconds, 25 seconds, 26 seconds, 27 seconds, 28 seconds, 29 seconds, 30 seconds, 31 seconds, 32 seconds, 33 seconds, 34 seconds, 35 seconds, 36 seconds, 37 seconds, 38 seconds, 39 seconds, 40 seconds, 41 seconds, 42 seconds, 43 seconds, 44 seconds, 45 seconds, 48 seconds, 50 seconds, 52 seconds, 55 seconds, 58 seconds, 60 seconds, 65 seconds, 70 seconds, 75 seconds, 80 seconds, 85 seconds, 90 seconds, 95 seconds, 100 seconds, 105 seconds, 110 seconds, 115 seconds, 120 seconds, 125 seconds, 130 seconds, 135 seconds, 140 seconds, 145 seconds, 150 seconds, or arbitrary time quantum between them.If the time allows, technician will understand, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, or upholder 22 can maximize to make the amount being retained in the flammable liquid 12 received in container 10 receiving the time period keeping longer above container 10.Correspondingly, illustrative methods described herein makes oil or flammable liquid 12 receive the maximization of the reservation in container 10, instead of sucks in the biomass of densification of roasting, to save the cost that each cycle supplements the oil for roasting.

Illustrative methods provides cooling step further, and the biomass 30 of the densification of wherein roasting are placed in cooling system 32 and are cooled to close to surrounding temperature with the biomass 30 of the densification by roasting until it can be safely used to packaging, stores, use or transport processing.Cooling system 32 can be, such as, adopts the water at enough cold temperature to be cooled to the cooling bath close to surrounding temperature with the biomass 30 of the densification by roasting.Can containing having an appointment the water of temperature of 0 DEG C to about 100 DEG C such as, but not limited to, cooling bath, or the water of arbitrary temp between them.As, but be not limited to, about 0 DEG C, 2 DEG C, 4 DEG C, 6 DEG C, 8 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 12 DEG C, 14 DEG C, 16 DEG C, 18 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 22 DEG C, 24 DEG C, 26 DEG C, 28 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 32 DEG C, 34 DEG C, 36 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 42 DEG C, 44 DEG C, 46 DEG C, 48 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 52 DEG C, 54 DEG C, 56 DEG C, 58 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 62 DEG C, 64 DEG C, 68 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 72 DEG C, 74 DEG C, 76 DEG C, 78 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 82 DEG C, 84 DEG C, 86 DEG C, 88 DEG C, 90 DEG C, 92 DEG C, 94 DEG C, 96 DEG C, 98 DEG C, 100 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them.The biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can to immerse in cooling bath about 0.5 minute to about 20 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them, e.g., but are not limited to, 0.5 minute, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, or arbitrary time quantum between them.What understand is, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can be placed in the time period longer in cooling bath, and time quantum will change to some extent according to some questions, as, the size of the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, the size of cooling bath and temperature, the starting temperature of the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting is (namely, from receiving container 10 biomass 30 its temperature that time regaining the densification of roasting), and for the treatment of the temperature expected of the biomass 30 of densification of roasting.Roasting method produces a kind of biomass of hydrophobic roasting.Therefore, the biomass 30 cooling the densification of roasting in water can not cause the increase of biomass 30 weight of the densification of a large amount of water absorptions or roasting usually.But the amount of water that the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting absorb and the biomass 20 of densification are retained in the temperature correlation of time quantum in hot flammable liquid 12 and flammable liquid 12.The biomass of the densification of further imagination roasting also can cool with a kind of stepwise manner, as adopted the initial cooling bath of the temperature of water between about 50 DEG C to about 60 DEG C, or the arbitrary temp between them, the cooling bath of temperature between about 0 DEG C to about 50 DEG C subsequently, or the arbitrary temp between them.This staged cooling can improve the efficiency of cooling step and reduces costs thus and improve quantum of output.

The biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can be directly located in cooling system 32 and not need upholder 22, or the upholder 22 of biomass 30 of the densification wherein comprising roasting can be placed in cooling system 32.Correspondingly, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can with a kind of and it to be taken out from cooling bath from the mode of receiving the mode regained container 10 similar as above.The use of cooling system 32 (as cooling bath) does not need a large amount of energy or resource to operate, and therefore saves cost further and improves usefulness.In addition, other stages of the inventive method also can use be collected in process of cooling during any steam of discharging, more detailed description is as follows.

Further, as mentioned above, absorb and the amount being retained in the flammable liquid 12 in the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can change to some extent according to various factors, the biomass 20 comprising roasting process and densification be immersed in continue in flammable liquid 12 time, the temperature of flammable liquid 12, the character of starting raw material, the amount of starting raw material and use the kind of flammable liquid 12, other factors.Therefore, also can by these variablees of adjustment, as, the biomass 20 of roasting process and densification be immersed in continue in flammable liquid 12 time, the temperature of flammable liquid 12, the character of starting raw material, the amount of starting raw material and use flammable liquid 12, other are because usually customizing the heat energy value of the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting.

Another illustrative methods of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2.In this embodiment, initial natural biomass materials was made before being immersed in flammable liquid 12 without the need to densification step by densification.The biomass 20 of densification can be any biological materials that can easily be commercially available as the biomass product of densification.Except initial parent material, other steps of this embodiment are identical with those steps described in Fig. 1.

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the collection and confinement of gases comprising multiple pipe and condenser system 40 can be used to receive container 10 and cooling system 32 to be connected to.System 40 can comprise a series of import and outlet, import be arranged on the liquid level of the water coolant of flammable liquid 12 and cooling system 32 each receive in container 10 and cooling system 32.Be arranged in and receive import in container 10 for collecting VOC and steam, and be arranged in import in cooling system 32 for collecting steam when cooling the biomass of densification of roasting.Also can arrange that import is to be captured in densification and drying process any steam of discharging in densifier 5 or moisture eliminator 7 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination).The mixture of VOC and steam can be processed and condensation in system 40 further in system 40.This mixture can be separated into biological liquid and contain CO, CO ₂(perhaps also has H ₂, CH ₄with other trace volatile matters) gas.These gases that can burn are received the flammable liquid 12 in container 10 to help heating or provide energy for moisture eliminator 7 or densifier 5 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination).If use described gas in illustrative methods, the import of system 40 is by the thermal source be disposed in for heating flammable liquid 12 and be arranged in moisture eliminator 7 and densifier 5 (or moisture eliminator/densifier of combination) with these machines of auxiliary operation.Alternatively, these gases can use respectively as the raw material of other chemical synthesis process or sell.The biological liquid obtained from non-volatile steam and steam can in cooling system 32 or can vapour generator or for heat flammable liquid 12 steam-boiler in reuse.Therefore, the invention provides the more energy-conservation heat exchange system of a kind of technique.

Further imagination illustrative methods described herein can be continuous print, semi-continuous or process in batches.For continuous print, semi-continuous or process in batches, the different step of this process experiences step of the present invention described herein by the system connection of transport unit type system or other kinds with the upholder 22 of the biomass 20 allowing the biomass 20 of continus convergence densification or wherein comprise densification.Therefore, the present invention imagines one for performing the system of the process of exemplary roasting disclosed herein.In this system, the haulage system of a kind of transport unit or other types can be used to make natural biomass materials, no matter start to be densification or not to be densification, be carried through operation described in fig. 1 and 2.Correspondingly, natural biomass materials 2 is taken to cooling system 32 from densifier 5/ moisture eliminator 7 or receiving container 10 through this process, is retracted in the biomass 30 of the densification of this roasting and can be used for process, transport, use, shipment etc.Imagining the continuous system of any kind, semicontinuous system or batch system at this is a straight line, simplicity of design, easily operation and efficient system, only needs limited complicacy and engineering design.

Illustrative methods described herein can comprise the step of the biomass 30 of the densification of cleaning and roasting further.This cleaning can comprise screening operation, and wherein screening plant is used for fines to be separated from the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting with any other rejected particles.Alternatively, this cleaning can comprise a washing step, and the biomass 30 of the densification of wherein roasting wash the apparent residual of the biomass 30 removing the densification being attached to roasting in a water bath can fuel oil.The clean of biomass 30 of the densification of roasting also can comprise screening step and washing step.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the exemplary process operation 100 illustrated by Fig. 3; the biomass wherein selected or biosolids raw material are delivered to grain-to-grain pressure machine or briquetting press 105; be squeezed into particle at this this raw material by densification or be pressed into briquette (namely; the biomass 20 of densification), it is transported in calcination device 115 by particle feeding conveyor 110.Can be continuous print, semi-continuous or batch by the biomass of selection or biosolids raw feed materials to grain-to-grain pressure machine or briquetting press 105, produce continuous print, semi-continuous or batch output treatment process 100 thus.What calcination device 115 comprised the heating of a volume can fuel oil 12, particle 20 submergence wherein and roasting selected time period.The flammable liquid 12 be included in calcination device 115 is maintained at about the temperature within the scope of 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C.Calcination device 115 comprises some assemblies, and the particle 20 of submergence in fuel oil 12, controllably can be transported to its exit end from the entrance end of calcination device 115 what controllably keep particle 20 to be immersed in heating by these assemblies simultaneously.During the particle 20 of submergence being delivered to its exit end from the entrance end of calcination device 115 via transport unit 110 (or any other suitable travelling belt, it allows particle is continuous or is semicontinuously conducted through treatment process 100), to its roasting.The time that the conveying of particle 20 from the entrance end of calcination device 115 to its exit end of submergence continues can controllably change from about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes (if needing perhaps more of a specified duration).After the exit end leaving calcination device 115, the particle of roasting is at transport unit 110 (or any other suitable travelling belt, it allows particle continuous or be semicontinuously conducted through treatment process 100) on be transported to water cooler 120, from this water cooler, they are transported to and pass through the screening plant 125 that is separated from the particle of roasting by fines.Finally, the particle of the roasting of screening is transported in finished product box 130 via transport unit 110 (or any other suitable travelling belt, it allows particle continuous or be semicontinuously conducted through treatment process 100).

The heat produced during roasting particle in calcination device 115 and gas are collected in torgas collecting hood 160 under a vacuum force, and described vacuum power is produced by the torgas fan 170 heat and roasting gas being transported to torgas burner 145.Torgas burner 145 ties combining combustion roasting gas to produce hot gas, and then it be transported to the hot side (hotside) of air-oil (air-to-oil) heat exchanger 150.Before described heat exchanger 150, torgas burner 145 and the heat energy from external burner combine.Be included in can be entered the constant circulation of the huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) (coolside) of air-oil heat exchanger 150 by by oil pump 152 by oil strainer 154 and maintained selected temperature by fuel oil in calcination device 115, wherein air-oil heat exchanger 150 is heated by the hot gas of coming in from torgas burner 145.The flammable of heating to be transported back in calcination device in 115 spontaneously afterwards.Air-oil heat exchanger 150 communicates 158 with air.Optionally, also the fines 135 of screening can be transported to burner 140 to produce heat energy, and then heat energy lead to torgas burner 145.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the exemplary process operation 200 illustrated by Fig. 4; wherein the biomass of selection or biosolids are delivered to grain-to-grain pressure machine or briquetting press 202; be squeezed into particle at this raw material by densification or be pressed into briquette, these particles or briquette be transferred in calcination device 210 by particle feeding conveyor 205.Can be continuous print, semi-continuous or batch by the biomass of selection or biosolids raw feed materials to grain-to-grain pressure machine or briquetting press 202, produce the output treatment process 200 of a continuous print, semi-continuous or batch thus.Calcination device 210 comprises the flammable liquid of the heating of a volume, the time period that particle submergence wherein roasting are selected.Be included in can the temperature of fuel oil be maintained at about within the scope of 160 DEG C to about 320 DEG C in calcination device 210.Calcination device 210 has some assemblies, what these assemblies controllably kept particle 20 to be immersed in heating can in fuel oil, simultaneously allowing particle continuous print via transport unit 205 or another, the particle 20 of submergence is controllably transported to its exit end from the entrance end of calcination device 210 by the semi-continuous travelling belt being conducted through treatment process 200.By its roasting during the particle of submergence is transported to its exit end from the entrance end of calcination device 210.The time that the conveying of particle from the entrance end of calcination device 210 to its exit end of submergence continues can controllably change from about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes (if needing perhaps more of a specified duration).After the exit end leaving calcination device 210, the particle of roasting is transported to receive by transport unit 205 (or any other suitable travelling belt, it allows particle continuous or be semicontinuously conducted through treatment process 200) to be had in the water-bath water cooler 215 of the fresh water 212 of lasting feed.Be attached to the surface of the particle of the roasting of transporting from calcination device 210 remaining can fuel oil from the particle of roasting washed off enter into after from the washing water of the particle separation of the roasting of washing.The particle of the roasting of washing is transported in finished product box 220 by transport unit 205 (or any other suitable travelling belt, it allows particle continuous or be semicontinuously conducted through treatment process 200).

The heat produced in calcination device 210 during roasting particle and gas are collected in torgas collecting hood 250 under a vacuum force, and described vacuum power is produced by the torgas fan 255 heat and roasting gas being transported to torgas burner 260.The heat energy knot combining combustion roasting gas that torgas burner 260 utilizes external burner 262 to supply is to produce hot gas, and then it be transported to the hot side of air-oil heat exchanger 235.Be included in can be entered the constant circulation of the huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) of air-oil heat exchanger 235 by by oil pump 235 by oil strainer 230 and maintained selected temperature by fuel oil in calcination device 210, wherein air-oil heat exchanger 235 is heated by the hot gas of coming in from torgas burner 260.The flammable of heating to be transported back in calcination device 210 spontaneously afterwards.Air-oil heat exchanger 235 communicates 237 with air.

Equipment 275 is optionally led to from the fresh water of water-bath water cooler 215 or washing water, it can receive the biomass material being called as " natural saline firewood wood (rawsaltyhog) " 270 in the diagram of coming in from loading hopper, and it may need desalting treatment.This biomass material is for the yule logs wastewater streams produced by the timber processing the results transported at saltwater channel and/or store, and it may need desalination.Washing water mix in desalination and dehydration equipment 275 with biomass material.The biomass material of desalination and dehydration is being transported to grain-to-grain pressure machine 202 with densification with while being squeezed into particle, the washing water of the salinization of reclaiming from desalination and dehydration equipment can optionally process as sewage 272.

As the representative illustration of the small-scale calcination device of calcination device 115,210 use shown in Fig. 5 (A), 5 (B), 6 (A) and 6 (B).Calcination device 115,210 can comprise a kind of mechanism, it is for continuously or semi-continuously transporting the biomass 20 of densification by reactor 115,210, or for the biomass 20 of densification are carried through reactor 115,210 in bulk, as by transport unit 110,205 (or any other suitable travelling belts, it allows the biomass 20 of densification continuous or be semicontinuously conducted through treatment process 100,200).Transport unit 110,205 can be manual operation, electronic operation, battery-operated, sun power operation or other power the biomass 20 of densification to be transported to and by calcination device 115,210 and the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting are transported out calcination device 115,210.As shown in Fig. 5 (B), 6 (A) and 6 (B), calcination can comprise the storage loading hopper/feeder of upholder 22 or other kind, its play the biomass/biosolids dosage case of densification effect and at the bottom of upholder 22 and transport unit 110, with transport unit 110 between 205, the points of 205 contacts comprise the opening 280 of breach, slit, hole, interval or any other kind, make the biomass 20 of densification can be fed to the transport unit 110 of movement from upholder 22 gravity when transport unit moves, on 205.Can by regulate breach in upholder 22 or on bottom, slit, hole, interval or other kinds opening 280 size and/or by regulating the amount of the bed of the biomass 20 of the densification be placed in upholder 22, size, kind and thickness to control transport unit 110,205 and the output of biomass by the densification for the treatment of process 100,200.The direction that display transport unit 110,205 rotates in Fig. 6 (B).Arrow (A) represents that the biomass 20 of densification are transported certain hour section in flammable liquid then transports out the direction of the rotation of the transport unit 110,205 of flammable liquid by the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting.Arrow (B), as shown in shade, indicates transport unit 110, and 205 can be one can make the biomass 20 of the densification continuously or semi-continuously mobile ceaselessly travelling belt experiencing roasting process disclosed herein.Will be appreciated that in comprehensive, exercisable output procedure, this transport unit 110,205 can continue the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting to be transported in water-bath water cooler 215.The exemplary dimensions of calcination device 115,210 is on a small scale shown in following Table A.

Table A: calcination device size

(namely the biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting of being produced by method described herein after roasting comprise the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting absorb the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w during this process), or any amount between them.Such as, but not limited to, to absorb and the amount being retained in the flammable liquid 12 in the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can be the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 24% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 23% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 22% w/w, or any amount between them, about 2% to about 21% w/w flammable liquid, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 20% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 19% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 18% w/w, or any amount between them, the flammable liquid of about 2% to about 17% w/w, or any amount between them, as, such as, the flammable liquid of 3% w/w, the flammable liquid of 4% w/w, the flammable liquid of 5% w/w, the flammable liquid of 6% w/w, the flammable liquid of 7% w/w, the flammable liquid of 8% w/w, the flammable liquid of 9% w/w, the flammable liquid of 10% w/w, the flammable liquid of 11% w/w, the flammable liquid of 12% w/w, the flammable liquid of 13% w/w, the flammable liquid of 14% w/w, the flammable liquid of 15% w/w, the flammable liquid of 16% w/w, or any amount between them.

The biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting of being produced by method of the present invention can have in absolutely dry base about 6 further, 000BTU/ pound is extremely in absolutely dry base about 13, the heat energy value of 000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them, such as, in absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound in absolutely dry base about 12,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 11,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 10,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 6,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 9,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 9,000BTU/ pound extremely in absolutely dry base about 13,000BTU/ pound, or any heat energy value between them; As, such as, in absolutely dry base about 9,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 10,000BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 10,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 11,000BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 11,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 12,000BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 12,500BTU/ pound; In absolutely dry base about 13,000BTU/ pound; Or any heat energy value between them.Alternatively, the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can comprise in absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in the heat energy value of absolutely dry base about 27GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them, such as, in absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 26.5GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 26GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 26GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 25GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 24GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them; In absolutely dry base about 22GJ/t extremely in absolutely dry base about 23GJ/t, or any heat energy value between them.

The biomass 30 of the densification of the roasting of being produced by method described herein also can have in absolutely dry base about 50 carbon % extremely in the carbon content of absolutely dry base about 65 carbon %, or any amount between them.Such as, but be not limited to, the carbon content of the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can be in absolutely dry base about 51 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 52 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 53 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 54 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 55 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 56 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 57 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 58 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 59 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 60 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 61 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 62 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 63 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 64 carbon %, in absolutely dry base 65 carbon %, or any amount between them.

As above disclosed, to absorb and the amount being retained in the flammable liquid 12 in the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting can change to some extent according to the following one or more factors being classified as example: the kind of the flammable liquid 12 of the time length of the submergence of biomass 20 in flammable liquid 12 of roasting process, densification, the temperature of flammable liquid 12, the physicochemical property of starting raw material, the amount of starting raw material and use, other factors.Therefore, also can by regulating one or more variable, as, the kind of the flammable liquid 12 of the time length of the submergence of biomass 20 in flammable liquid 12 of roasting process, densification, the temperature of flammable liquid 12, the character of starting raw material, the amount of starting raw material and use, other are because of any other character of the biomass 30 of the densification of the heat energy value and roasting that usually customize the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, as the carbon content of the biomass 30 of the densification of roasting, or hydrophobic property.

Embodiment

Following examples are provided thus the present invention described herein can be better understood.

embodiment 1

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, design a small-sized test set and be used for test purpose.This test set is made up of the following: for holding the small vessels of the flammable liquid as vegetables oil; Gas burner, places this small vessels thereon; Wire basket (wirebasket) with having this small vessels profile, makes this wire basket mate with the inwall of this small vessels like this.In addition, what use increment to be 0.001kg respectively measures the high trebuchet to 10kg and thermopair and thermometer for weight and temperature computation.

Embodiment for this reason, tests the granulated cork of the densification that 10 kilograms are made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood.These 10 kilograms are divided into 1 kilogram of sample (using the trebuchet for measuring), and 1 increment product placement is used for test purpose on one side.Initial step is placed on by small vessels on balance and measures the net weight of the small vessels of this sky.Subsequently vegetables oil to be poured in this small vessels and to measure the gross weight that this small vessels adds vegetables oil, obtaining the net weight of this vegetables oil thus.One kilogram of oil do not heated is placed on one side for other measurement.

The measurement one of vegetables oil completes, and just opens the temperature of gas burner to about 270 DEG C, and uses thermopair and thermometer to monitor the temperature of the vegetables oil in this small vessels.At the temperature-stable of this vegetables oil after about 260 DEG C to about 270 DEG C, the wooden particulate samples of 1kg densification to be loaded in iron wire filter basket (wirestrainerbasket) and to be immersed in the vegetables oil heated in small vessels about 5 minutes.Subsequently the iron wire filter basket including the wooden particle of this densification is wherein shifted out from the vegetables oil small vessels, and make it drain on this small vessels and drip-dry 5 minutes.From this iron wire filter basket, regain the biomass of the densification of roasting, and be not immersed in cold water, absorb to prevent any water of the biomass of the densification of roasting and affect result.Then by compared with the starting weight of the wooden particle with densification, in butt, the net weight loss of calculation sample or increase.Also by the small vessels measured containing used oil and the weight deducting small vessels measures the net weight of used oil.Calculate the loss of oil and the mass loss of particle that absorb.This process repeats 8 times again, the wooden particulate samples of each 1kg densification.The gross weight of the small vessels of oil is comprised in each experiment pre-test.Collect the vegetables oil used in one kilogram of this small vessels and be used for other test purpose.

Collect the biomass of the densification of the roasting that all 9 test experiments produce and be blended together to form a sample sets.Collect one kilogram of this sample sets and be used for test.

Result:

The result of two sample sets prepared by the method described according to embodiment 1 displayed in Table 1.These test results show to be heated in about 260 DEG C to about 270 DEG C vegetables oil about 5 minutes, and the wooden particle weight of densification on average increases by about 10%, BTU value on average increases by 15%.In addition, find that the wooden Particle Phase ratio with non-roasting, the wooden particle of roasting are hydrophobic and have the grindability index (that is, high Dege, Kazakhstan sieve husband grindability index) of increase.(" HGI ") is the grindability index measure unit of coal " to breathe out Dege sieve husband grindability index ".Grindability index unit ° H instruction, such as, " 40 ° of H " or " 55 ° of H ".The product that higher HGI value meaning is more easily pulverized or more easily ground.

As shown in table 1 below, the low heat value (LHV) of the sample sets of the particle of two roastings obtained from the method is 23.11 and 22.76GJ/ ton respectively.The LHV of this representative sample 1 increases and is about 14.8%, sample 2 be about 16.1%.The average LHV scope knowing wooden granular fuel changes from low value 18.14GJ/ ton to high level 19.72GJ/ ton by those skilled in the art, makes the calorific value of the wooden particle of the roasting of the method for the disclosure compared to colory biofuel height about 17.5%.

Table 1:

* " the % moisture " of " the wooden particle of roasting " refers to the amount (that is, drip-dry is after 5 minutes) of water in the wooden particle of roasting at the end of roasting process just.

" the wooden particle of initial densification " is placed at first on one side for the sample of test purpose.

embodiment 2

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, by coastal Chinese hemlock spruce briquette four points and use each 1/4th test.3/4ths use and 1/4th are placed on one side in roasting process.The initial weight of the briquette of four points that use in roasting process is listed in in following table 2.

In this embodiment, the small-sized test set as above described in embodiment 1 is used.Initial step is placed on by small vessels on balance and measures the net weight of the small vessels of this sky.Then vegetables oil to be poured in this small vessels and to measure the gross weight that this small vessels adds vegetables oil, obtaining the net weight of this vegetables oil thus.One kilogram of oil do not heated is placed on one side for other measurement.

After the measurement of vegetables oil completes, open the temperature of gas burner to about 260 DEG C, and monitor the temperature of the vegetables oil in this small vessels.At the temperature-stable of this vegetables oil after about 260 DEG C, 1/4th briquette samples to be loaded in iron wire filter basket and in the vegetables oil of heating in being immersed in Fryer (deepfryer) about 7.5 minutes.Then this iron wire filter basket wherein comprising 1/4th briquette samples is shifted out from the vegetables oil small vessels, and make it above this Fryer, drain 5 minutes.Then filter from this iron wire the biomass the weight measuring it of regaining the densification of this roasting basket, and be not immersed in cold water, absorb to prevent any water of the biomass of the densification of roasting and affect result.Then by compared with the starting weight of the wooden particle with densification, in butt, the net weight loss of calculation sample or increase.Also by measuring the small vessels that comprises used oil and the weight deducting small vessels measures the net weight of used oil.Calculate the loss of oil and the mass loss of particle that absorb.Then this process 2 times are repeated again to all the other 2 1/4th briquette samples, except 1/4th briquette roasting about 10 minutes, and beyond another roasting about 15 minutes.Measure the gross weight of the small vessels comprising oil before each experiment.Be collected in small vessels 1 kilogram with the vegetables oil crossed for other test purpose.Collect from test at every turn the roasting obtained densification biomass for test.

Result:

The result of embodiment 2 displayed in Table 2.Test result shows compared with the initial weight of respective four/a briquette, the weighted average increase about 10% of all four/a briquette samples, represents by the approximate amount of the oil of absorption of sample.In addition, find that the wooden particle of roasting is hydrophobic and with unfired wooden Particle Phase than the grindability index (that is, high Dege, Kazakhstan sieve husband scale score) with increase.

Table 2: the briquette experiment of four points

embodiment 3

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, small-sized test set as described in Example 1 is used to test the granulated cork of the densification that 21 kilogram is made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood.

As initial step, small vessels to be placed on balance and to measure the net weight of this sky small vessels.Then vegetables oil to be poured in this small vessels and to measure the gross weight that this small vessels adds vegetables oil, obtaining the net weight of this vegetables oil thus.The oil do not heated 1 kilogram is placed and is used for other measurement on one side.

After the measurement of vegetables oil completes, open gas burner to the temperature of about 250 DEG C to about 260 DEG C, and monitor the temperature of the vegetables oil in this small vessels.For first sample, at the temperature-stable of this vegetables oil after about 250 DEG C to about 260 DEG C, the wooden particulate samples of 1 kilogram of densification to be loaded in iron wire filter basket and to be immersed in the vegetables oil heated in small vessels about 20 minutes.Then this iron wire filter basket wherein comprising the wooden particle of this densification is shifted out from the vegetables oil small vessels, and make it above this Fryer, drain 5 minutes.Then from this iron wire filter basket, regain the biomass of the densification of this roasting and measure its weight, and not being immersed in cooling bath, absorb to avoid any water of the biomass of the densification of roasting and affect result.Then by compared with the starting weight of the wooden particle with densification, in butt, the net weight loss of calculation sample or increase.Also by measuring the small vessels that comprises used oil and the weight deducting small vessels measures the net weight of used oil.Calculate the loss of oil and the mass loss of particle that absorb.

After the above, second 1kg sample to be loaded in iron wire filter basket and to be immersed in the vegetables oil heated in small vessels about 30 minutes.Then will wherein comprise this iron wire filter basket of the wooden particle of this densification and shift out from the vegetables oil this small vessels, and making it above this Fryer, drain 5 minutes.Then by compared with the starting weight of the wooden particle with densification, in butt, the net weight loss of calculation sample or increase.Also by measuring the small vessels that comprises used oil and the weight deducting small vessels measures the net weight of used oil.Calculate the loss of oil and the mass loss of particle that absorb.Collect one kilogram of vegetables oil used in Fryer and be used for other test purpose.

Result:

Find to be heated in the vegetables oil of about 260 DEG C to about 270 DEG C 20 minutes, the particle of roasting has the weight net loss of about 2.20%.In the vegetables oil of heating 30 minutes, find that the particle of roasting has the weight net loss of about 6.16%.In addition, the wooden particle of roasting is hydrophobic and with unfired wooden Particle Phase than the grindability index (that is, high Dege, Kazakhstan sieve husband scale score) with increase.

Be not wishing to be bound by theory, think that some oil are absorbed in several minutes that roasting starts and occur, it may cause the weight of biomass to have a net increase of.After the several minutes started, biomass are constantly calcined, and thus, discharge VOC and lose weight, producing the biomass of the densification compared with initial parent material with the roasting that net weight loses.

embodiment 4

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, small-sized test set as described in Example 1 is used to test the granulated cork sample of 4 different densifications be made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood, each heavy about 0.5kg.Vegetables oil in small vessels is heated to 220 DEG C to about 240 DEG C.Its weight is measured to determine the weight of oil before calcination process before small vessels extending oil and after extending oil.One of 4 different samples to be immersed in oil predetermined time amount, and then make its drip-dry about 5 minutes above small vessels.Again measure after calcination process and comprise oily small vessels to determine by the amount of the oil of absorption of sample.This process is repeated to other three samples.

Result

As described in above embodiment 3, these results show in the oil of heating more of a specified duration, absorb fewer.As with as shown in following table 3, sample 1, its roasting about 10 minutes in the vegetables oil of heat, the oil of display about 9.6% absorbs, and sample 2, and its roasting about 15 minutes in the vegetables oil of heat, the oil of display about 6.7% absorbs.

Table 3: the oil during roasting absorbs

* " water ratio " refers to the amount (in %) of water in the wooden particle of (that is, drip-dry is after 5 minutes) roasting at the end of calcination process just.

embodiment 5

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, test the granulated cork sample of 4 different densifications be made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood, each sample has the starting weight of 250 grams (0.250kg).The as above method described in embodiment 1 and temperature, time and weight parameter as specified in table 4 is below used to test each sample.

Result

These results show the oil suction ratio vary crossing degranulation in time.As shown in following table 4, sample 1, its roasting about 15 minutes in the vegetables oil of heat, the oil showing the absolutely dry particle about 14.31% of every mass input absorbs; Sample 2, its roasting about 30 minutes in the vegetables oil of heat, the oil showing the absolutely dry particle about 14.00% of every mass input absorbs; Sample 3, its roasting about 45 minutes in the vegetables oil of heat, the oil showing the absolutely dry particle about 13.88% of every mass input absorbs; And sample 4, roasting about 60 minutes in the vegetables oil of heat, the oil showing the absolutely dry particle about 11.87% of every mass input absorbs.

As shown in Figure 7, during the several minutes of the beginning of roasting, oil absorbs and starts to occur with a higher ratio, and after this, contribution ratios reduces and then remains on constant speed for some time.Along with the further prolongation of roasting time, contribution ratios stops and then shows negative value, shows that oil is discharged during the roasting period extended from the biomass of roasting.Contribution ratios the highest in this embodiment occurs in roasting and starts 15 minutes periods, after this, pick up the oil speed slows down and then remained on a constant ratio 45 minutes of roasting periods, after this time, the oil that the biomass seeming densification absorb before starting to discharge the biomass of densification.

After Fig. 7 also shows calcination process, the calorific value of the particle of roasting increased substantially between 0 and 15 minute of roasting process, then between 15 minutes and 45 minutes of roasting slowly and almost increase with remaining unchanged, and finally start after 45 minutes to reduce in roasting." calorific value-end of sample " in table 4 and " calorific value of end product " in Fig. 7 are the total heating values that the biomass of roasting add the oil of absorption.Therefore the result of this embodiment discloses along with granular biomass roasting, and biomass discharge oil (oil less in end product means calorific value less in the end product obtained from oil).Due to it seems for a long time roasting particle calorific value exist the amount of having a net increase of, even if discharge oil, biomass self still obtain calorific value in this process, and this not merely absorbs owing to oil.

Table 4: the oil of Immersion times different in Jie's caul-fat being heated to 270 DEG C absorbs and calorific value

embodiment 6

Material and sample

In this embodiment, the granulated cork of the densification that 20 kilograms are made up of the mixture (SPF wood particle) of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood is tested.These 20 kilograms are divided into the sample of 1 kilogram, and except using in this process outside the commercial Fryer small vessels of gas burner (instead of with), use as above that the method described in embodiment 1 is in the temperature of specifying (namely, 240,245,250,255,250,265 or 270 DEG C) under and the Immersion time (that is, 10,15,20,25 or 30 minutes) of specifying at each temperature test all 20 1 kilogram of samples.In addition, after calcination process, cool each sample 5 minutes in a water bath, then shift out from this cooling bath and make its in drum, collect sample before drain 5 minutes.With each different temperature and Immersion time condition, the method is repeated to the sample of these 20 1kg.Therefore, for the combination of each temperature and Immersion time, 1kg sample repeats the method 20 times at every turn.In addition, the as above method described in embodiment 1 is used to continue 30 minutes test 10 1kg samples at 280 DEG C and use the as above method described in embodiment 1 to continue test in 30 minutes 6 1kg samples at 290 DEG C; In other words, the method 10 times are repeated for 280 DEG C of Temperature-time combinations continuing 30 minutes, and the method 6 times are repeated for 290 DEG C of Temperature-time combinations continuing 30 minutes, and the result of average each Temperature-time combination.

Collect the biomass of the densification of the roasting obtained from test experiments different under each temperature-time conditions and be blended together to form a sample sets.Collect one kilogram of sample sets and be used for test.The 1kg sample sets that analysis obtains is to determine the calorific value of the particle of the roasting after each temperature-time conditions.

Result

In table 5-13, show the data of embodiment 6 and reflect in figs. 8 and 9.This embodiment 6 confirms the discovery (table 4 and Fig. 7) of embodiment 5.These results show that the submergence/retention time in Jie's caul-fat of heating is relevant to the calorific value of the wooden particle of roasting at the end of process in fact with the temperature of the oil of heating.As shown in following table 5-13, usually, higher and in Jie's caul-fat of heating the retention time of the temperature of Jie's caul-fat is longer, and the calorific value of the particle of the roasting after calcination process is larger.

Obtain the highest heat energy value (in absolutely dry base 26.04GJ/ ton) when the particle 30 minutes of submergence densification in Jie's caul-fat at 290 DEG C and obtain minimum heat energy value (in absolutely dry base 22.78GJ/ ton) when submergence in Jie's caul-fat at 240 DEG C 10 minutes.The heat energy value (that is, in absolutely dry base 20.49GJ/ ton) that all heat energy values of the particle of roasting all calculate than the biomass of unfired densification is large.Each time point that particle is being measured of the roasting at 250 DEG C produces the heat energy value slightly higher than roasting particle at 255 DEG C.And, use the Immersion time of during Jie's caul-fat at the temperature of 265 DEG C 20 minutes to produce the highest heat energy value.Therefore, these data show optionally to customize roasting method by the temperature of change Jie caul-fat and the Immersion time in the oil of heating.

Table 5: at 240 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

* refer to as described in method about " % moisture " by " wet basis " " wooden particle of roasting ", cool 5 minutes in a water bath and then drain the amount (in %) of water in sample after 5 minutes.

Table 6: at 245 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 7: at 250 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 8: at 255 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 9: at 260 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 10: at 265 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 11: at 270 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 12: at 280 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

Table 13: at 290 DEG C before roasting and the calorific value of wooden particle of roasting after roasting

embodiment 7

Materials and methods

Use the method identical with the method described in embodiment 6 in this embodiment, be included in Immersion times different in Jie's caul-fat of this heating (namely, 10,15,20,25 or 30 minutes) and the different temperature (that is, 240,245,250,255,250,265 or 270 DEG C of Jie's caul-fat that uses in this process; And submergence 30 minutes at 280 DEG C or 290 DEG C).

In this embodiment, the data that obtain are analyzed to determine the carbon content of the particle of roasting after the combination of each Temperature-time.

Result

The data of this embodiment 7 are shown in above table 5-13 and Figure 10.The carbon per-cent that these results show the wooden particle of roasting at the end of roasting process is usually along with the prolongation of the submergence/retention time in Jie's caul-fat of heating and increase along with the rising of the temperature of the oil of heating.As shown in Figure 10, along with the rising of the temperature of Jie's caul-fat, the carbon content of the wooden particle of roasting has the trend totally risen.Also essence association is there is between carbon content and the Immersion time in the oil of heating.

Obtain the highest carbon content (in absolutely dry base 62.15 carbon %) when submergence in Jie's caul-fat at 290 DEG C 30 minutes and obtain minimum carbon content (in absolutely dry base 54.80 carbon %) when submergence in Jie's caul-fat at 240 DEG C 10 minutes.The carbon content (that is, in absolutely dry base 50.62 carbon %) that the carbon content of the particle of all roastings all calculates than the biomass of unfired densification is high.

embodiment 8

Materials and methods

Measure the steam output of different types of flammable liquid.Following evaporation test is used to test each flammable liquid once.Current test uses small-sized test set as described above for example 1.Small vessels to be placed on balance and to measure the net weight of the small vessels of this sky.Measure the oil of a volume and to pour in this small vessels and lid to be placed in the top of this small vessels.Then open gas burner to 270 DEG C, and detect oil temperature.One temperature reaching 270 DEG C of expectation, the small vessels be about to containing vegetables oil shifts out from this gas burner and calculates the small vessels containing vegetables oil.Then the small vessels containing vegetables oil is put back on this gas burner, and make it 270 DEG C of heating 30 minutes.Measure the weight of the small vessels containing vegetables oil after heating for 30 minutes and record by the minimizing of evaporating the weight caused.

The different flammable liquid of test is: Jie's caul-fat, Trisun Oil R 80, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil, chain saw blade and chain oil (barandchainoil), 5W30 oil, automatic driver liquid, hydraulic liquid AW32, gear oil 80W90 and paraffin.

Result

These results show that in the evaporation of 270 DEG C of heating each different flammable liquid after 30 minutes be insignificant.Therefore, when the oil of the biomass of the densification of roasting absorbs after calculating roasting process, the evaporation of flammable liquid is not considered.

embodiment 9

Materials and methods

In order to compare when using Jie's caul-fat to implement embodiment 9 to paraffin as the oil absorption of the particle of densification during flammable liquid as flammable liquid.

In this embodiment, the granulated cork (SPF wood particle) of the densification be made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood is tested.Take 250 grams of SPF wood particulate samples and weigh the wire sieve of the material for holding densification respectively.Then the material sample of densification to be loaded in this wire sieve and to measure the gross weight that this dusting cover adds the material of densification, then placing and be used for test purpose on one side.This embodiment uses the small-sized test set described in embodiment 1.Initial step is placed on by small vessels on balance and measures the net weight of this small vessels.Measure the oil (Jie's caul-fat or paraffin) of a volume and to pour in this small vessels and measure this small vessels and add the gross weight oiled, obtaining the net weight of oil thus.

The measurement one of oil completes, and just opens gas burner to assigned temperature (250 DEG C, 260 DEG C or 270 DEG C), and the temperature of monitoring oil.

Be stabilized in the temperature of expectation in oil temperature after, measure following weight: (a) small vessels adds the weight of the oil of heating; B () small vessels adds that lid that the oil of heating adds for small vessels adds the weight of the temperature sensor be inserted in this small vessels; And (c) small vessels adds that lid that the oil of heating adds for small vessels adds that the temperature sensor be inserted in this small vessels adds that 250 grams to be loaded in wire sieve and to be placed in the weight of the material sample (that is, not also being immersed in small vessels) of the densification at small vessels top.

More than measure one to complete, the wire sieve being about to the material comprising densification is immersed in the oil of heating and is stamped in the small vessels of lid, the material of densification is immersed in the time quantum (15 or 30 minutes) of specifying in the oil of heating.After the time that submergence is expected, turn off gas burner and measure the gross weight (material of dusting cover and densification is still immersed in oil) of the material of small vessels, oil, lid, temperature sensor, dusting cover and densification.Then the wire sieve wherein comprising the material of densification is shifted out from small vessels and oil, and make it above small vessels, drain about 5 minutes.Weigh the wire sieve drained wherein including the material of densification, and weigh the material of densification subsequently respectively.Shift out the material of dusting cover and densification, weighed the gross weight of small vessels, oil, lid and temperature sensor, and then then weighed small vessels respectively and add the gross weight oiled.

Then calculate the absolutely dry weight (that is, to provide the absolutely dry base of the particle of roasting) of the particle of roasting, then the absolutely dry weight of particle is compared with the loss of oil and oily absorption of the % of calculating.

(namely above process twice has been combined for each temperature, time and oil, at each different temperature and Immersion time, twice test run is completed to different types of oil of each test), each process originates in the particulate samples of 250 grams of densifications.

Result

As shown in figure 11, when using Jie's caul-fat to be used for roasting process as flammable liquid, when the temperature of Jie's caul-fat is elevated to 260 DEG C from 250 DEG C, the oil of the biomass of densification absorbs and is tending towards substantially increasing, but when then declining slightly with during the temperature calcination of 270 DEG C.The weight of the biomass of the densification of roasting also has an overall decline along with the rising of temperature seems; But, with to carry out compared with process 30 minutes (namely at 250 DEG C, compared to starting weight+8.53g, reach the final weight of 246.4g), carry out calcination process at 260 DEG C and within 30 minutes, cause the increase of weight (namely, compared to starting weight+11.48g, reach the weight of 249.35g).(namely the increase of this weight corresponds to the increase of oil absorption under this temperature-time conditions, the oil of the absolutely dry particle 21.02% of 260 DEG C of 30 minutes every mass inputs absorbs, by contrast 250 DEG C 30 minutes 16.65% oil absorb), this increase disclosing this weight is due to when the oil absorption increased when 260 DEG C of roastings 30 minutes.Small decline that when using the temperature of 270 DEG C, oil absorbs (, the oil of 15 minutes be absorbed as 16.86% and within 30 minutes, be 17.11%) also correspond to the minimizing of the weight of the biomass of the densification of roasting at this temperature (namely, 15 minutes-1.28g and 30 minute-5.47g), disclose oil further and absorb relevant to the weight of the biomass of the densification of the roasting produced.These data are also associated with the data obtained in embodiment 3 and 5.

Figure 12 shows use paraffin as obtaining similar result during flammable liquid.When the temperature of paraffin is elevated to 260 DEG C from 250 DEG C, the oil of the biomass of densification absorbs and is tending towards substantially increasing, but when when 270 DEG C of roastings, then declines.When temperature is elevated to 260 DEG C from 250 DEG C and when each time point increases Immersion time, the oil of paraffin absorbs the oil that is greater than Jie's caul-fat of advancing the speed and absorbs and advance the speed.For Jie's caul-fat, the weight along with the biomass of the densification of temperature rising roasting seems an overall reduction.But, from Jie's caul-fat, between the oil that the biomass of the weight of the biomass of the densification of roasting and the densification of roasting absorb when end of processing, seem there is no dependency.

Following Figure 13 and table 14 and 15 illustrate when use Jie caul-fat as during flammable liquid during roasting process, the ordinary loss of Jie's caul-fat is more.Except roasting at 250 DEG C, when using Jie's caul-fat or paraffin, the amount of oil loss is similar substantially, uses paraffin, when when 250 DEG C of roastings 15 minutes, the amount of the paraffin of loss was obviously less.In addition, when use paraffin as during flammable liquid at 250 DEG C between roasting 15 minutes and roasting 30 minutes, the ratio of oil loss it seems the ratio of the oil loss be significantly greater than when using Jie's caul-fat.

As shown in Figure 14, when using Jie's caul-fat instead of paraffin as flammable liquid, compared with initial biomass, the minimizing of the weight of the particle of roasting there are differences.For both, as shown in table 14 and 15 and as above describe, the weight of the particle of roasting is tending towards declining along with the increase of temperature substantially.But for Jie's caul-fat, when carrying out calcination process at 250 DEG C and 260 DEG C, the weight of the particle of roasting overweights the particle of initial densification.Only when 270 DEG C of roastings, there is the minimizing of a weight with the Particle Phase Bizet of initial densification.For paraffin, except except 250 DEG C of roastings 15 minutes, the final weight of the particle of roasting is usually lower than the starting weight of the particle of densification.Paraffin causes a larger weight minimizing usually under all time points and temperature.Be not wishing to be bound by theory, these the possibility of result due to, compared with use Jie caul-fat, biomass absorb less paraffin during roasting process.The less absorption of paraffin may be because the longer molecular chain of paraffin also may be the result of paraffin vaporator rate faster.

Table 14: during roasting, Jie's caul-fat absorption of particle and the weight of particle reduce at different temperature and Immersion time

* " water ratio " refers to the amount of water in (that is, drip-dry is after 5 minutes) sample at the end of roasting process just.

Table 15: during roasting, the paraffin absorption of particle and the weight of particle reduce at different temperature and Immersion time

embodiment 10

Materials and methods

Test the particle from the roasting of embodiment 6, it carries out calcination process, to determine the hydrophobic property of the particle of roasting under different temperature (240 DEG C, 245 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 255 DEG C, 260 DEG C, 265 DEG C, 270 DEG C, 280 DEG C or 290 DEG C), different Immersion times (10,15,20,25 or 30 minutes).For this reason, measure 953.63 grams come from the sample of the biomass of the densification of the treated roasting often criticized corresponding to a specified temp-time conditions and be immersed in two weeks (that is, 14 days) in water.Sample one shifts out from water, even if it drains 5 minutes in dusting cover, and then weighs each sample with the change of measure sample weight.This observed value is compared to the weight of water, and calculates the amount of the water of each absorption of sample.

Result

Data in table 16 show the rising (that is, the temperature of Jie's caul-fat of heating) along with calcination process temperature, and the hydrophobic performance of the product obtained improves.This Data Representation is in Figure 15 and 16, and after its display calcination process, the amount of water of particulate absorbent of the densification of roasting and the temperature correlation of calcination process join.When under comparatively high temps (as 270 DEG C, 280 DEG C or 290 DEG C) instead of lesser temps (as 240 DEG C) during roasting, the particle of the densification of the roasting obtained sucks less water in particle.

Immersion time in Jie's caul-fat of heating seems little with the hydrophobic performance relation of the product obtained; But these results show to compare for calcination process with using longer Immersion time (such as, 30 minutes), and the particle of the densification of the roasting of generation absorbs more water at shorter Immersion time (such as, 10 minutes) usually.

Table 16: the water after roasting absorbs

embodiment 11

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, the granulated cork (SPF wood particle) of the densification be made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood and the yule logs of densification are tested.The yule logs sample taking 250 grams of SPF wood particles or densification also weighs the wire sieve of the material for holding densification respectively.Then use the small-sized test set described in embodiment 1 to be loaded into by the material sample of densification in wire sieve and to measure the gross weight that dusting cover adds the material of densification, be then placed on one side for test purpose.

Initial step is placed on by small vessels on balance and measures the net weight of the small vessels of this sky.Measure the oil (one of following: Trisun Oil R 80, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil, Jie's caul-fat, chain saw blade and chain oil (barandchainoil), 5W30 oil, automatic driver liquid, hydraulic liquid AW32, gear oil 80W90 or paraffin) of a volume and to pour in this small vessels and measure this small vessels and add the gross weight oiled, obtaining the net weight of oil thus.

The measurement one of oil completes, and namely opens gas burner to probe temperature 270 DEG C, and monitors oil temperature.

When oil temperature is stabilized in 270 DEG C, measure following weight: (a) small vessels adds the weight of the oil of heating; B () small vessels adds that lid that the oil of heating adds for small vessels adds the weight of the temperature sensor be inserted in this small vessels; And (c) small vessels adds that lid that the oil of heating adds for small vessels adds that the temperature sensor be inserted in this small vessels adds that 250 grams to be loaded in wire sieve and to be placed in the weight of the sample (that is, not also being immersed in small vessels) of the material of the densification at small vessels top.

Above-mentioned measurement one completes, and the wire sieve being about to the material comprising densification is immersed in the oil of heating and is stamped in the small vessels of lid.By the submergence 30 minutes in the oil of heating of the material of densification, after 30 minutes Immersion times, turn off small vessels and measure the gross weight (material of dusting cover and densification is still immersed in oil) of the material of small vessels, oil, lid, temperature sensor, dusting cover and densification.Then shifted out from small vessels and oil by the wire sieve wherein including the material of densification, and make it above small vessels, drain 5 minutes, the difference of the situation of yule logs is to make it drain 10 minutes.Weigh the wire sieve drained wherein including the material of densification, and weigh the material of densification subsequently respectively.Shift out the material of dusting cover and densification, weigh the gross weight of small vessels, oil, lid and temperature sensor, then then weigh small vessels respectively and add the gross weight oiled.

Then calculate the absolutely dry weight of the particle of roasting, and then the absolutely dry weight of particle is calculated as the percent loss of Jie's caul-fat compared with the loss (oil clean evaporation) of oil.

Complete above process twice (that is, completing twice test run to the oil of each different types of test) for each different types of oil used, each process originates in the particulate samples of 250 grams of densifications.

Result

The data presentation of the oil for plant-sourced of this embodiment in table 17 and Figure 17, for the data presentation of the oil based on oil in table 18 and Figure 18.These results show when comparing with the biomass of roasting densification in based on the oil of oil, and in the oil of plant-sourced, the biomass of roasting densification are tending towards making the biomass of the densification of the roasting produced absorb less oil usually.

In the middle of the oil of these plant-sourceds, in Trisun Oil R 80 at 270 DEG C, roasting SPF particle causes the biomass of densification to absorb minimum oil mass (on average the oil of about 11.38% absorbs) for 30 minutes, in Jie's caul-fat at 270 DEG C, roasting is after 30 minutes, and Jie's caul-fat causes the oil of the biomass of the densification of roasting to absorb at most (on average the oil of about 12.12% absorbs)

At these based in the middle of the oil of oil, the oil that paraffin causes the biomass of the densification of roasting minimum absorbs, and 5W30 machine oil takes second place (oil being respectively average about 16.48% and 17.10% absorbs).In gear oil at 270 DEG C, roasting is after 30 minutes, and the oil that gear oil (80W90) causes the biomass of the densification of roasting maximum absorbs (on average the oil of about 24.32% absorbs).

Table 17 and the data in 18 also show that roasting causes lower average organism matter weight net loss usually in the oil of plant-sourced compared with roasting in based on the oil of oil.In the middle of the oil of these plant-sourceds, in peanut oil, (namely roasting causes minimum weight in average net loss, weight net loss is failed to keep an appointment 7.70g) and in Trisun Oil R 80 roasting cause the highest weight in average net loss (that is, weight net loss fail to keep an appointment 10.85g).At these based in the middle of the oil of oil, in chain saw blade and chain oil and hydraulic liquid (AW32), (namely roasting causes minimum weight in average net loss, weight net loss is respectively about 10.70g and 10.60g), and roasting causes the highest weight in average net loss (that is, weight net loss fail to keep an appointment 17.23g) in the automatic driver liquid (ATF).

As shown in table 17 and 18, when the biomass using yule logs as initial densification, there is more oil significantly and absorb in the oil (Jie's caul-fat) at plant-sourced and the middle yule logs biomass of the oil (paraffin) based on oil, and when in the oil (Jie's caul-fat) of yule logs at plant-sourced and the oil (paraffin) based on oil during roasting, there is weight in average net loss larger significantly.

Table 17: the oil for the oil of different plant-sourceds absorbs and clean quality loss

Table 18: the oil for the different oil based on oil absorbs and clean quality loss

embodiment 12

Materials and methods

In this embodiment, the granulated cork (SPF wood particle) of the densification that 2 kilograms are made up of the mixture of dragon spruce, pine and fir wood is tested.Be divided into 1 kilogram of sample by these 2 kilograms, and use method 30 minutes each 1 kilogram of samples of test in the flammable liquid (oil of plant-sourced or the oil based on oil) being heated to 270 DEG C as described above in example 1.For often kind of different types of oil, the method is repeated to 2 1kg samples.Therefore, for often kind of oil, 1kg sample repeats the method twice at every turn.Collect the biomass for the densification of the roasting of often kind of oil twice test experiments gained and mix to generate a sample sets.Collect 1 kilogram of sample sets and be used for test.

In this embodiment, the 1kg sample sets that obtains is analyzed to determine the heat energy value of the particle of the roasting after each temperature-time conditions.

The oil of the plant-sourced used in this embodiment comprises peanut oil, Trisun Oil R 80 and Semen Maydis oil.The oil based on oil used in this embodiment comprises automatic driver liquid, gear oil 80W90, machine oil (5W30), chain saw blade and chain oil and hydraulic liquid AW32.

Result

The result be presented in following table 19 and 20 shows the biomass of the densification being usually tending towards producing the roasting with the heat energy value slightly higher than the biomass of the densification of roasting in the oil of plant-sourced based on the oil of oil.Such as, the heat energy value of the biomass of the densification of the roasting processed in based on the oil of oil is approximately 26 lucky Jiao/metric tons (GJ/t); And the heat energy value of the biomass processed in the oil of plant-sourced is approximately 24-25GJ/t.This species diversity may be because the more oil of biomass of petrolize absorbs, as shown in above embodiment 10.

These results show that the product of roasting that the oil of all plant-sourceds produces has roughly similar heat energy value further, and the product of roasting that all oil based on oil produces has roughly similar heat energy value.

Table 19: in the oil of plant-sourced at 270 DEG C the calorific value of roasting wooden particle of roasting after 30 minutes

* " % moisture " refers to the amount of water in (that is, drip-dry is after 5 minutes) sample at the end of calcination process just.

Table 20: in based on the oil of oil at 270 DEG C the calorific value of roasting wooden particle of roasting after 30 minutes

embodiment 13

Materials and methods

In order to test continuously disclosed herein/semi-continuous process structure calcination device on a small scale.This reactor is made up of travelling belt, and this travelling belt can the flammable liquid of continuous or semi-continuous transport particle by holding in band large-scale metal groove.This flammable liquid of heating is controlled by temperature.Particle is delivered on the travelling belt of reactor, and loading hopper will be positioned at herein, is then transported to along travelling belt, passes through, then leaves flammable liquid.This reactor as shown in Figure 19.

Result

Use the wood particle of the reactor roasting shown in Figure 19 and prove to use continuously/semi-continuous process roasting particle.The particle of densification to be delivered on the travelling belt in the flammable liquid (right hand side at Figure 19) of heat and to be transported by flammable liquid and from other one end (that is, the left-hand side of Figure 19) out.Particle its along travelling belt by being completely submerged during flammable liquid and the biomass of densification being roasting in the other end conveying.

Claims

1. biomass for the densification of the roasting prepared by the biomass material of roasting densification in flammable liquid, the biomass of the densification of described roasting comprise the described flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w.

2. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flammable liquid is the oil of plant-sourced.

3. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 2, the oil of wherein said plant-sourced is Jie's caul-fat, linseed oil, Trisun Oil R 80, Thistle oil, Semen Maydis oil, peanut oil, plam oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, palm kernel oil, Oleum Cocois, sesame seed oil, sweet oil or their combination.

4. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flammable liquid is the oil based on oil or the oil based on pitch.

5. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 4, the wherein said oil based on oil or the oil based on pitch are synthetic motor oil, hybrid-engine oil, hydraulic liquid, transmission mechanism liquid, automatic driver liquid, chain saw blade and chain oil, gear oil, diesel oil fuel, paraffin or their combination.

6. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 1, the biomass material of wherein said densification is derived from vegetable material.

7. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 6, wherein said vegetable material is the timber waste from wood working operation, sawdust, wood chip, straw, bagasse, wastewater streams that operate from factory process, crop processing or their combination.

8. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 1, the biomass material of wherein said densification comprises biosolids.

9. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 1, it has the heat energy value of about 6,000BTU/ pounds to about 13,000BTU/ pounds.

10. the biomass of the densification of roasting as claimed in claim 1, it has in the lucky Jiao/metric ton (GJ/T) of absolutely dry base about 22 to the heat energy value of about 27GJ/T.

The biomass of the densification of 11. roastings as claimed in claim 1, it has in the carbon content of absolutely dry base about 54 carbon % to about 63 carbon %.

12. 1 kinds, for the preparation of the method for the biomass of the densification of roasting, comprise the following steps:

A the feed of () densification biomass material is to obtain the biological material of densification;

B the biological material of described densification is immersed in flammable liquid by (), described flammable liquid temperature is between about 160 DEG C and about 320 DEG C;

(c) in described flammable liquid the biological material of densification described in roasting about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes to produce the biomass of the densification of roasting; And

D () reclaims the biomass of the densification of described roasting;

The biomass of the densification of wherein said roasting comprise the described flammable liquid of about 2% to about 25% w/w.

13. 1 kinds, for the preparation of the method for the biomass of the densification of roasting, comprise the following steps:

A () provides the feed of the biological material of densification;

D () reclaims the biomass of the densification of described roasting;

The biomass of the densification of wherein said roasting comprise the described flammable liquid of about 2% to about 20% w/w.

14. 1 kinds, for the production of the method for the particle of roasting, comprise the following steps:

A the feed of () densification biomass material is also squeezed into the particle of densification thus;

B the particle delivery of described densification is extremely also passed through the input terminus of calcination device by ();

C the particle of described densification is immersed in the flammable liquid be included in described calcination device by (), described flammable liquid has the temperature between about 160 DEG C and about 320 DEG C;

D the particle of the densification of institute's submergence is transported to output terminal from the described input terminus of described calcination device by () within the time period of about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes, the particle of wherein said densification is calcined and produces heat and gas during roasting;

(e) from the described output terminal of described calcination device discharge described roasting particle and by the particle delivery of described roasting to and pass through water cooler; And

F the particle of () clean roasting cooled is to produce the particle of clean roasting, the particle of described clean roasting comprises the described flammable liquid of about 2% to about 20% w/w.

15. methods according to any one of claim 12-14, wherein provide described feed continuously or semi-continuously or in bulk.

16. methods as claimed in claim 14, wherein said cleaning (f) comprises screening operation to be separated from the particle of the roasting of described cooling by fines.

17. methods as claimed in claim 14, the water cooler wherein in step (e) is watercooler and described cleaning (f) is included in the particle of the roasting of washing described cooling in the water comprised in described watercooler to be removed by the outside surface of the flammable liquid of remnants from the particle of the roasting of described cooling.

18. methods according to any one of claim 12-14, further comprising the steps:

A roasting gas that () produces be incorporated in roasting in torgas well heater during and heat, and burn wherein to produce hot gas; And

B () uses described hot gas to carry out heat packs and is contained in described flammable liquid in described calcination device.

19. methods as claimed in claim 16, further comprising the steps:

A () produces heat energy from the fines of described separation;

(b) in torgas burner by described heat energy and the roasting gas that produces during roasting and heat seal also;

C () burns merged heat energy and roasting gas and heat to produce hot gas in torgas burner; And

D () uses described hot gas heat packs to be contained in described flammable liquid in described calcination device.

20. methods as claimed in claim 16, wherein use washing water to make biomass material desalination.