JP5597332B2 - Organic waste fuel manufacturing method and organic waste fuel - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is an economical and efficient organic waste using waste generated in a store providing food such as retail stores and restaurants, or organic waste generated in the production process of food and drink such as liquor and food. The present invention relates to a method for producing a physical fuel and an organic waste fuel.

  In stores that provide food, such as retail stores and restaurants, many organic wastes such as rice balls, lunch boxes or bread, scraps of food used for cooking, leftovers, waste oil, etc. are generated every day. ing. In addition, a lot of organic waste is generated in food and drink manufacturing plants. For example, shochu and sake lees at breweries, fruit pomace at juice factories, okara and waste oil at tofu factories, and so on. Similarly, organic waste such as garbage or waste oil is generated in ordinary households.

  In many cases, such organic waste is incinerated. However, since most of the energy generated by the incineration is not recovered, energy loss is significant.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 1 to be described later, a rotary kiln in which hot air is introduced to the surroundings is supplied from a hopper charged with a raw material of organic waste to the one end side of the rotary kiln of the carbonization furnace by a screw feeder. There is disclosed a method of carbonizing the raw material by rotating the raw material supplied inside and moving the raw material to the other end side of the rotary kiln while heating.

  However, the carbide produced in this way has a problem that since the calorific value per unit mass is small, it is difficult to use it as a fuel, and the use of the carbide has not been developed.

  Therefore, Patent Document 2 to be described later discloses a fuel whose calorific value per unit mass is increased by mixing waste oil with organic waste materials.

  That is, by heating a mixture obtained by mixing organic waste and waste oil at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower in a reduced pressure state, and drying until the water content is about 40% to 20%. You get organic waste fuel. Here, when the water content of the organic waste contained in the mixture is 70% by mass or more, the organic waste is 45% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less, and the waste oil contained in the mixture is 55% by mass. % To 45% by mass. As the waste oil, either mineral oil or animal and vegetable oil can be used.

  Thus, by adding waste oil to organic waste other than waste oil, an organic waste fuel having a calorific value of about 4000 kcal / kg (16736 kj / kg) to about 5000 kcal / kg (20920 kj / kg) can be obtained. . Since the calorific value of the organic waste fuel produced without adding waste oil was 2786 kcal / kg (11656 kj / kg), the calorific value of the organic waste fuel can be increased by adding waste oil.

JP 2003-334527 A JP 2009-7563 A

  However, in such a conventional organic waste fuel, in order to increase the calorific value, it is necessary to add waste oil to the mixture so as to be 55 mass% to 45 mass%. The physical fuel is very sticky with waste oil, and even if it is lightly pressed, the waste oil easily separates and leaks and cannot be handled easily. Furthermore, the conventional organic waste fuel has a calorific value per unit mass of about 16736 kj / kg to about 20920 kj / kg, a calorific value per unit mass of domestic steam coal, 22500 kj / kg, a unit mass of imported steam coal The calorific value per unit is 26600 kj / kg and the calorific value per unit mass of imported raw coal is 28900 kj / kg, which is a problem that cannot be used as an alternative to these.

  On the other hand, the carbide obtained by carbonizing organic waste can be handled easily because it does not contain waste oil as described above. However, as described above, it can be used as fuel with a small calorific value per unit mass. In addition to being difficult, the ignition point is low and the hygroscopicity is high, which causes a problem in storage safety.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can be easily handled, while the safety of storage is improved, and a method for producing an organic waste fuel that can be sufficiently used as a fuel, And provide organic waste fuel.

  In the method for producing organic waste fuel according to the present invention, a target material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the obtained mixture is heated in an oxygen-limited environment. Thus, when the organic waste fuel is produced, the mixture is heated at an appropriate temperature exceeding 100 ° C., and a carbonization treatment is performed to thermally decompose a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel of the present invention, a target material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the resulting mixture is in an oxygen-limited environment, A carbonization treatment is performed by heating at an appropriate temperature exceeding 100 ° C. to thermally decompose at least a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. In this way, by subjecting the target raw materials composed of organic waste other than waste oil to carbonization, the calorific value per unit mass can be increased, so that it can be used sufficiently as fuel even if the amount of oil and fat added is reduced. can do. Further, the produced organic waste fuel can be easily handled. In addition, since carbonization is performed to thermally decompose a part of the organic compounds that make up the mixture so that the fats and oils mixed in the mixture remain, the ignition point is high, the hygroscopicity is suppressed, and the storage safety of organic waste fuel Improved.

  Here, the carbonization treatment is performed at an appropriate temperature exceeding 100 ° C. When the carbonization temperature is less than 100 ° C., the carbonization process takes a long time, so the processing efficiency is extremely low and not practical, and the odor caused by waste remains, which hinders storage and distribution. Because.

  In addition, the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention provides a primary heat-treated product in which the target raw material is heated to reduce the moisture content to a predetermined value, and an appropriate amount of fats and oils is mixed in the primary heat-treated product. The mixture is obtained, and the carbonization treatment is performed on the obtained mixture.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention, prior to mixing fats and oils, a primary heat-treated product in which the target raw material is heated to reduce the water content to a predetermined value is obtained. A mixture obtained by appropriately mixing oils and fats is carbonized.

  In order to carbonize the mixture of oil and fat, which is a medium with high thermal conductivity, in the primary heat-treated product, the oil and fat mixed in the primary heat-treated product becomes a heat medium in the carbonization treatment, and heats the primary heat-treated product. Is well conducted and carbonization is further promoted. As a result, the time required for the carbonization treatment can be shortened, the carbonization can be further promoted, and an organic waste fuel with a high calorific value can be produced.

  On the other hand, it is conceivable that oils and fats are mixed in advance during the primary heat treatment, but a large amount of water is diffused from the object to be heated during the primary heat treatment. Many fats and oils are also dissipated, resulting in a large loss of fats and oils. In the present invention, since fats and oils are not added during the primary heat treatment, such loss of fats and oils can be prevented. In addition, the oil is prevented from being diffused and discharged, which not only facilitates the maintenance of the heater, but also prevents the oil and fat from being discharged into the environment and realizes clean operation. Can do.

  Furthermore, the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention is characterized in that 4% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of fats and oils are mixed in the primary heat-treated product.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention, 4% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of fats and oils are mixed with the primary heat-treated product.

  When the amount of fats and oils mixed is 4% by mass or more of the primary heat-treated product, an organic waste fuel exhibiting a calorific value per unit mass equal to or greater than that of domestic steamed coal or imported steamed coal can be produced. In addition, when the amount of fats and oils to be mixed is 4% by mass or more of the primary heat-treated product, the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by performing the carbonization treatment described above is obtained by performing the carbonization treatment without adding fats and oils. It is higher than the ignition point of the organic waste fuel produced, and the storage safety is improved.

  On the other hand, when the amount of fats and oils mixed exceeds 30% by mass of the primary heat-treated product, stickiness is caused by the fats and oils to which the organic waste fuel obtained by performing carbonization treatment is added, and handling properties are remarkably lowered.

  On the other hand, the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention is characterized in that 4% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less of fats and oils are mixed in the primary heat-treated product.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel of the present invention, 4% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less of fats and oils are mixed with the primary heat-treated product.

  When the amount of fats and oils to be mixed is 4% by mass or more of the primary heat-treated product, the hygroscopicity of the organic waste fuel obtained by performing carbonization treatment is obtained by performing carbonization treatment without adding fats and oils as before. It is lower than the hygroscopic property of the organic waste fuel produced, and can improve the storage safety.

  On the other hand, when the amount of fats and oils to be mixed is 12% by mass or less of the primary heat-treated product, even if the organic waste fuel obtained by performing carbonization is molded into pellets using a molding machine The pellets can be obtained without oozing out the oil and fat, and the handleability can be further improved.

  By the way, there are cases where the target raw material contains a mixture containing a relatively large amount of oils and fats. That is, the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention is characterized in that fats and oils are mixed in the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass to 30% by mass.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel of the present invention, fats and oils are mixed with the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass to 30% by mass.

  As before, organic waste fuel that exhibits a calorific value per unit mass equal to or greater than domestic steamed coal or imported steamed coal when the fats and oils are mixed so that the fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 4% by mass or more Can be manufactured. In addition, when oils and fats are mixed so that the oil and fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 4% by mass or more, the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by performing the carbonization described above is carbonized without adding oils and fats. It is higher than the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by the treatment, and the storage safety is improved.

  On the other hand, when the fats and oils are mixed so that the fat content of the primary heat-treated product exceeds 30% by mass, the organic waste fuel obtained by performing carbonization treatment becomes sticky due to the added fats and oils, and the handling property is remarkably reduced. .

  Furthermore, the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention is characterized in that fats and oils are mixed in the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel of the present invention, fats and oils are mixed with the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less.

  As before, organic waste fuel that exhibits a calorific value per unit mass equal to or greater than domestic steamed coal or imported steamed coal when the fats and oils are mixed so that the fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 4% by mass or more Can be manufactured. In addition, when oils and fats are mixed so that the oil and fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 4% by mass or more, the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by performing the carbonization described above is carbonized without adding oils and fats. It is higher than the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by the treatment, and the storage safety is improved.

  When oil and fat are mixed so that the oil and fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 12% by mass or more, as before, when organic waste fuel obtained by carbonization is molded into pellets using a molding machine Even so, pellets can be obtained without the added fats and oils exuding, and the handleability can be further improved.

  By the way, the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention is characterized in that the carbonization is performed at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less.

  In the method for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention, carbonization is performed at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less.

  If the temperature of the carbonization treatment exceeds 300 ° C., dioxins may be generated, but if the temperature is 150 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower, such a concern is unnecessary.

  On the other hand, when the carbonization treatment is performed in a temperature range of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, the carbonization treatment equipment can be simplified and miniaturized, and in addition, the carbonization treatment can be performed in a relatively short time. Cost can be reduced as much as possible.

The organic waste fuel according to the present invention is obtained by mixing a target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils to obtain a mixture, and heating the target raw material when the obtained mixture is heated under reduced pressure. To obtain a primary heat-treated product whose water content has been reduced to about 5% by mass or more and about 30% by mass or less, and fats and oils are mixed in the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass to 30% by mass. The mixture is obtained, and the obtained mixture is heated at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, and carbonization treatment is performed to thermally decompose at least a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. Features.

In the organic waste fuel of the present invention, the target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and when the resulting mixture is heated under reduced pressure , the target raw material Is heated to obtain a primary heat-treated product having a water content reduced to about 5 mass% or more and about 30 mass% or less, and the primary heat-treated product has a content of 4 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less. To obtain the mixture, and heating the obtained mixture at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less to carry out carbonization treatment for thermally decomposing at least a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. Therefore, as before, it can be handled easily, while the storage safety is improved and it can be used as a fuel.

It is a flowchart which shows the procedure which manufactures the organic waste fuel which concerns on this invention. It is an external appearance perspective view of a vacuum heater. It is an internal configuration perspective view of a vacuum heater. It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the hygroscopicity test over time about the sample and control 1 which were shown in the table.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a procedure for producing an organic waste fuel according to the present invention.
In order to manufacture the organic waste fuel according to the present invention, primary heat treatment is performed on organic waste other than waste oil as shown in FIG. 1 (step S1).

  Here, the target raw material that is the target of the raw material in this step is not particularly limited as long as it is organic waste other than waste oil. For example, the expiration date that occurs at stores that provide food such as retail stores and restaurants has passed. Cooked rice balls, lunch boxes or bread, chips or leftovers of ingredients used for cooking, shochu or sake lees produced in a brewery, fruit squeezed koji produced in a juice factory, okara produced in a tofu factory, etc., or a general household And garbage generated in the above, or a mixture thereof. In addition, sludge and the like in the sewage business can be used as a target raw material. In addition, you may perform a dehydration process previously according to the moisture state of object raw material.

  The primary heat treatment of the target material is intended to reduce the water content of the target material to about 5% by mass to about 30% by mass, preferably about 10% by mass to about 15% by mass. Here, when the water content of the primary heat-treated product is less than about 5% by mass, the primary heat treatment takes a long time, so that the treatment efficiency is low and the running cost increases. In addition, when the moisture content of the primary heat-treated product exceeds approximately 30% by mass, the fat mixed with the primary heat-treated product as the water remaining in the primary heat-treated product diffuses in the carbonization process described later. May be lost excessively.

  On the other hand, when the water content of the primary heat treatment is about 10% by mass to about 15% by mass, the treatment can be completed in a relatively short time, and loss of added fats and oils even in the carbonization process. Is hardly seen. Furthermore, the storage stability is also high.

  The method of heating and drying the target material is not particularly limited. For example, the target material can be heat-treated by introducing heat directly or indirectly into the target material while stirring the target material.

  In this case, it is preferable to perform the primary heat treatment in a reduced pressure environment because the treatment time can be shortened. For example, when a vacuum heater GV-35 (manufactured by Gaia Co., Ltd.) is used, the moisture content of cabbage residue is reduced in about 8 hours under the conditions of -0.08 mpa to -0.09 mpa and 190 ° C to 200 ° C. A primary heat-treated product reduced to 10% by mass can be obtained. Moreover, when this vacuum heater is used, the timing at which the exhaust temperature reaches about 48 ° C. can be set as the end point of the primary heat treatment.

  In addition, the heating temperature in primary heat processing can be suitably set, for example as 50 to 250 degreeC.

  Next, fats and oils are added to the primary heat-treated product thus obtained (step S2), and the added fats and primary heat-treated products are mixed so as to be substantially uniform (step S3). In addition, the mixing operation of the oil and fat and the primary heat-treated product may be performed in a heater that has been subjected to the primary heat treatment, or the primary heat-treated product may be taken out from the heater and performed in a dedicated mixer. .

  The kind of fats and oils to add is not specifically limited, Animal and vegetable fats and / or mineral oils can be used. Although it may be either solid or liquid at normal temperature, it is preferable that it is liquid at normal temperature because the mixing operation described later can be performed smoothly. In addition, it is preferable from the viewpoint of waste recycling to use waste oil and / or waste oil sludge generated at restaurants and food factories.

  On the other hand, the addition amount of fats and oils is 4% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and preferably 4% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less of the primary heat-treated product with respect to the primary heat-treated product.

  This is the case when the target raw material that needs little consideration of the oil content is used, but the target raw material may contain a relatively large amount of oil and fat. In the case of using such a target raw material, the primary heat-treated product preferably has a fat content of 4% by mass to 12% by mass and a fat content of 4% by mass to 30% by mass. Add oils and fats so that

  When fats and oils are added and mixed so that the fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 4% by mass or more, the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by performing the carbonization treatment described above is carbonized without adding fats and oils. It is higher than the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by carrying out the above, and the storage safety can be improved.

  On the other hand, when fats and oils are added and mixed so that the fat and oil content of the primary heat-treated product exceeds 30% by mass, the organic waste fuel obtained by performing carbonization treatment becomes sticky due to the fats and oils added and the handling property is significantly reduced. To do.

  On the other hand, when fats and oils are added and mixed so that the fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 12% by mass or more, when organic waste fuel obtained by performing carbonization is molded into pellets using a molding machine Even so, the pellets can be obtained without the added fats and oils exuding.

  Furthermore, when oils and fats are added and mixed so that the oil and fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 4% by mass or more, the calorific value per unit mass of the organic waste fuel obtained by carbonization treatment is The calorific value per unit mass of 22500 kj / kg and the calorific value per unit mass of imported steam coal exceed 26600 kj / kg, and can be used as an alternative fuel for coal.

  On the other hand, even if the addition amount of oil and fat is 2% by mass of the primary heat-treated product, if the oil and fat content of the primary heat-treated product is 2% by mass or more, the calorific value per unit mass of domestic steaming coal and It has the same calorific value and can be used sufficiently as fuel.

  In addition, what is necessary is just to determine the quantity of the fats and oils which should be added to a primary heat-processed material based on the amount of fats and oils contained in the primary heat-processed material obtained at step 1 mentioned above. In addition, in order to measure the amount of fats and oils contained in the primary heat-treated product, for example, a normal hexane extract substance analysis method using normal hexane as a solvent can be applied.

  In addition, cabbage, young corn, burdock, peas, peas, peas, salad vegetables, sunny lettuce, leaf ginger, broad beans, bamboo shoots, buds of bamboo shoots, vines, garlic stalks, red peppers, peppers, asparagus, okra, turnips, pumpkins, cauliflower , Cucumber, mizuna, watercress, komatsuna, shiso, zucchini, snap peas, celery, daikon (root), daikon (leaves), onion, Chinese carrots, carrot, tomato, rape, eggplant, eggplant, carrot, Hakusai, Myoga, Sprouts, Lily, Lettuce, Red cabbage, Lotus root, Udon, Fuuki, Sprouts, Scallops, Salmon, Gummy, Cherry, Banana, Papaya, Strawberry, Fig, Kiwifruit, Watermelon, None, Pine apple, Biwa, Grape, blueberry, mango, melon, In the case of apples and the like, since they contain almost no oil or fat themselves, 4 mass% or more and 30 mass% with respect to the primary heat-treated product without examining the oil and fat content contained in the primary heat-treated product. % Or less, preferably 4% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less of oil and fat can be added.

  In step 3, when the added oil and fat and the primary heat-treated product are mixed to obtain a mixture, the mixture is carbonized (step S4) to obtain an organic waste fuel (step S5).

  Such carbonization treatment refers to the thermal decomposition of at least a part of the organic compounds constituting the mixture by heating the mixture in an oxygen-limited environment, thereby increasing the amount of carbon per unit mass of the mixture. It can be made.

  In the present embodiment, oxygen is restricted by sucking gas from the heating chamber for heating the mixture and reducing the pressure in the heating chamber 10. As a result, an environment in which oxygen is restricted can be maintained, and gas generated by thermal decomposition of the organic compound during carbonization can be removed.

  Here, the temperature for carrying out the carbonization treatment may be any temperature that exceeds 100 ° C. and the organic compound constituting the mixture is thermally decomposed, but a temperature range of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, more preferably 200 ° C. or less. Is preferred. When the carbonization temperature is less than 100 ° C., the carbonization process takes a long time, so the processing efficiency is extremely low and not practical, and the odor caused by waste remains, which hinders storage and distribution. The Further, if the carbonization temperature exceeds 300 ° C., dioxins may be generated.

  On the other hand, when the carbonization treatment is performed in a temperature range of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, the carbonization treatment equipment can be simplified and miniaturized, and in addition, the carbonization treatment can be performed in a relatively short time. Cost can be reduced as much as possible. Furthermore, when carried out in a temperature range of 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, in addition to these effects, the amount of tar and organic gas components generated during carbonization can be suppressed, so the yield of organic waste fuel There is an effect that increases.

  The vacuum heating machine GV-35 (manufactured by Gaia Co., Ltd.) described above can be used as an apparatus that can perform carbonization treatment in a temperature range of 150 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower under reduced pressure. In addition, since this apparatus has a built-in stirrer, the above-described primary heat treatment, mixing of the primary heat-treated product and oil and fat, and carbonization treatment can be performed by one unit.

  2 and 3 are an external perspective view and an internal configuration perspective view of the vacuum heater (GV-35), which are configured vertically.

  On the front of the vertically long casing 1, the inlet door 2 for feeding the heated object such as the organic waste or the mixture and the outlet door 3 for discharging the heated heated object are positioned vertically. It is arranged so that it can be opened and closed differently, and the object to be heated that is thrown in by opening the slot door 2 is thrown into the heating part 10 from the ceiling part of the short cylindrical heating part 10. Yes.

  The heating unit 10 has a double cylinder structure including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder arranged with a required gap therebetween, and the heated object is dropped into the inner cylinder. A fluid medium having fluidity is enclosed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The heat medium is a heater 11 disposed at the bottom of the heating unit 10 and a band heater 12 wound around the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder. Is heated to an appropriate temperature.

  Further, one or a plurality of stirring shafts provided with stirring blades are provided in the inner cylinder in the vertical direction, and the stirring shaft is driven by a stirring motor 5 attached to the ceiling portion of the heating unit 10. Driven by rotation.

  In the heating unit 10 having such a structure, the temperature of the heat medium can be accurately adjusted by the heater 11 and the band heater 12, and therefore the above-described primary heat treatment and carbonization treatment are performed at a predetermined temperature. Can do. In addition, since heat is conducted to the inner cylinder through a heat medium having fluidity, heat can be transmitted uniformly to the entire inner cylinder, and further, the heated object dropped in the inner cylinder is stirred. The entire object to be heated can be uniformly heat-treated.

  A vacuum pump 6 is disposed above the stirring motor 5, and the vacuum pump 6 exhausts the inside of the inner cylinder of the heating unit 10 and depressurizes the inside. Note that the heating unit 10 and the inlet port 2 and the outlet door 3 communicated with the heating unit 10 are configured to be airtight.

  On the other hand, a gas-liquid separator 7 is interposed between the vacuum pump 6 and the heating unit 10, and the exhaust from the inner cylinder is separated into gas and liquid by the gas-liquid separator 7 and then separated. The purified liquid and gas are purified and deodorized separately.

  2 and 3 show examples of the vertical apparatus, a horizontal apparatus that lies the heating unit 10 on a side may be used. Needless to say, the apparatus that can be used for the primary heat treatment and carbonization of the present invention is not limited to these.

  By the way, since the vacuum heater shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3 is comparatively compact, for example, the said vacuum heater is installed in the restaurant etc. which handle a restaurant or a fresh food, and the primary heating demonstrated by said step S1. After the treatment, the obtained primary heat-treated product is recovered in a carbonization treatment plant where a large apparatus for performing carbonization under reduced pressure is installed, and oil and fat are added there as described in steps S2 to S5. Carbonization can be performed by mixing.

  In this case, since the organic waste generated at each store is primarily heat-treated at the store, the bulk and weight of the organic waste are greatly reduced. Therefore, compared with the case where organic waste is recovered without primary heat treatment, the recovery operation and recovery efficiency can be greatly improved, and the recovery cost is reduced. Moreover, since organic waste can be prevented from being spoiled, hygiene management can be improved. On the other hand, by performing carbonization with a large apparatus, the efficiency of carbonization can be improved and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Next, the results of comparative tests will be described.
The following table shows the higher heat generation of organic waste fuel obtained by carbonizing each mixture in which the oil was added to the primary heat-treated product described above in various addition amounts from 2% by mass to 30% by mass. It shows the result of measuring the amount, lower heating value, and ignition point, respectively. In addition, the result of having measured the high heating value, the low heating value, and the ignition point of the organic waste fuel obtained by carbonizing without adding oil to the primary heat-treated product as a control is shown.

  In addition, both the high calorific value and the low calorific value were measured according to JIS-M-8814, and the ignition point was measured by the chlorene measurement method. The value of the ignition point measured by the chlorene measurement method is considered to be substantially the same as the value of the ignition point from the measurement principle.

  Here, the primary heat-treated product was prepared as follows. That is, a commercially available cabbage was cut into a size of about 6 cm square and charged into the above-described vacuum heating machine GV-35 (manufactured by Gaia Co., Ltd.), under a reduced pressure of −0.08 mpa to −0.09 mpa, The primary heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. The primary heat treatment was completed when the exhaust temperature of the vacuum heater reached about 48 ° C. The time required for the primary heat treatment was 8 hours.

  Commercial soybean oil was added to the primary heat-treated product thus obtained and mixed using a vacuum heating machine GV-35 to obtain a mixture. This mixture was carbonized using a vacuum heater GV-35. In this comparative test, the carbonization treatment was completed empirically when the exhaust temperature of the vacuum heater reached about 43 ° C. The time required for the carbonization treatment was 2 to 3 hours in Samples 1 to 5, while Control 1 required 10 hours.

  In addition, what is necessary is just to determine suitably the timing which complete | finishes a carbonization process not only the exhaust temperature as mentioned above.

  In this table, the values marked with an asterisk are the control 2 and the other values are the control 1.

  As is apparent from this table, the ignition point value of Sample 1 to Sample 5 to which oil was added increased by 10 ° C. or more from the ignition point value of Control 1 to which no oil was added. The safety could be improved.

On the other hand, the calorific value (higher calorific value) of Control 1 to which no oil or fat was added was 20850 kJ / kg, and the calorific value of soybean oil as an added oil or fat was 39000 kJ / kg. In the sample 4 in which this soybean oil is added to the primary heat-treated product so as to be 5% by mass, the predicted calorific value can be calculated by the following equation.
(20850 + 39000 × 5/100) /1.05=21714 (kJ / kg)

  However, as is clear from the above table, the calorific value (higher calorific value) of Sample 4 was 28720 kJ / kg, which was approximately 32% higher than the predicted calorific value.

  Moreover, as described above, in the carbonization process, the time required for the exhaust temperature of the vacuum heater to drop to about 43 ° C. is about 10 hours in the control 1, whereas the time required for the sample 4 is about 2 hours. Yes, it was shortened to about 1/5.

  In the method of the present invention, as described above, the mixture of oil and fat, which is a medium having high thermal conductivity, mixed with the primary heat-treated product is carbonized, so that the oil and fat mixed with the primary heat-treated product is carbonized. This is considered to be because the heat was conducted well to the primary heat-treated product as a heat medium, and carbonization was further promoted.

  That is, in the method of the present invention, the time required for the carbonization treatment can be shortened, the carbonization can be further promoted, and an organic waste fuel having a high calorific value can be produced.

  By performing carbonization in this manner, an organic waste fuel that can be used as a fuel can be produced even if the amount of added fat is small, while the amount of added fat is relatively small. In any of the samples 5 to 5, the fats and oils did not ooze out under normal handling without applying pressure such as pressing, and could be handled easily. Furthermore, Samples 1 to 5 can be formed into pellets with a molding machine, and can be handled more easily.

  By the way, as described above, oil and fat are mixed with the object to be heated, so that heat is conducted well to the object to be heated. Therefore, it is conceivable that oil and fat are mixed in advance during the primary heat treatment. However, since a large amount of moisture is diffused from the object to be heated during the primary heat treatment, a large amount of oil and fat is also diffused along with the diffused moisture, resulting in a large loss of fat and oil. In the present invention, since fats and oils are not added during the primary heat treatment, such loss of fats and oils can be prevented. In addition, the oil is prevented from being diffused and discharged, which not only facilitates the maintenance of the heater, but also prevents the oil and fat from being discharged into the environment and realizes clean operation. Can do.

  Next, the results of examining the hygroscopicity of several samples shown in the table and Control 1 will be described.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of performing a hygroscopicity test over time for the samples shown in the table and the control 1. In addition, this hygroscopic test was done as follows. That is, after each sample was put into each well-dried weighing bottle and the initial mass was measured, each weighing bottle was placed in a desiccator whose relative humidity was adjusted to approximately 98% using potassium sulfate. The water content was calculated by measuring the mass when a suitable number of days had elapsed after standing. In addition, the mass of each weighing bottle before putting a sample was measured beforehand.

  In the figure, the white diamonds indicate the results of Sample 1 shown in the above table, the black triangles indicate the results of Sample 2, and the black circles indicate the results of Sample 4. The cross mark indicates the result of the sample 5 as well. The white circles indicate the results of the organic waste fuel (sample 6) obtained by carbonizing the mixture obtained by adding 10% by mass of commercially available soybean oil to the primary heat-treated product as described above. On the other hand, the black diamonds indicate the results of Control 1 shown in the table.

  As apparent from FIG. 4, the control 1 had the highest hygroscopicity, and the hygroscopicity of each sample according to the present invention was lower than the control 1. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity of Sample 2 and Samples 4 to 6 was clearly lower than that of Sample 1.

  From these facts, it can be said that by containing 3% by mass or more of fats and oils in the primary heat-treated product, the hygroscopicity over time can be further suppressed and the storage safety can be further improved.

  Next, the results of a combustion test using the organic waste fuel produced in this way will be described.

In the combustion test, 17 kg of organic waste fuel of Sample 4 shown in the above table was used per hour. This organic waste fuel was supplied to a wood pellet / wood chip combined hot water boiler FB-8 (Asahi Equipment Co., Ltd.) to carry out continuous operation. The combustion chamber capacity of this machine is 0.38 m ³ , and the amount of combustion air is 3 m ³ / min (50 mmaq, 0.1 kW).

  As a result, the organic waste fuel according to the present invention was good in both ignitability and combustion stability. Moreover, the amount of ash generated by the combustion was relatively small, and no discharge trouble due to melting of the ash occurred. Further, regarding the gas discharged during the combustion test, both SOX and NOX were below the regulation values.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 2 Input port door 3 Outlet port 5 Stirring motor 6 Vacuum pump 7 Gas-liquid separator 10 Heating part 11 Heater 12 Band heater

Claims (5)

When the target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the resulting raw material is heated under reduced pressure to produce the organic waste fuel, the target raw material is heated. To obtain a primary heat-treated product having a water content reduced to about 5% by mass or more and about 30% by mass or less, and the primary heat-treated product is mixed with 4% by mass to 30% by mass of fats and oils to obtain the mixture, A method for producing an organic waste fuel, wherein the obtained mixture is heated at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, and carbonization treatment is performed to thermally decompose a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. . When the target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the resulting raw material is heated under reduced pressure to produce the organic waste fuel, the target raw material is heated. To obtain a primary heat-treated product having a water content reduced to about 5% by mass to about 30% by mass, and mixing the primary heat-treated product with 4% by mass to 12% by mass of fats and oils to obtain the mixture, A method for producing an organic waste fuel, wherein the obtained mixture is heated at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, and carbonization treatment is performed to thermally decompose a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. . When the target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the resulting raw material is heated under reduced pressure to produce the organic waste fuel, the target raw material is heated. To obtain a primary heat-treated product having a water content reduced to about 5% by mass or more and about 30% by mass or less, and fats and oils are mixed in the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass to 30% by mass. The mixture is obtained, and the obtained mixture is heated at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less to perform carbonization treatment for thermally decomposing a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. Waste fuel manufacturing method. When the target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the resulting raw material is heated under reduced pressure to produce the organic waste fuel, the target raw material is heated. To obtain a primary heat-treated product having a water content reduced to about 5% by mass or more and about 30% by mass or less, and oil and fat are mixed with the primary heat-treated product so as to have a content of 4% by mass to 12% by mass. The mixture is obtained, and the obtained mixture is heated at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less to perform carbonization treatment for thermally decomposing a part of the organic compound constituting the mixture. Waste fuel manufacturing method. When the target raw material composed of organic waste other than waste oil and fats and oils are mixed to obtain a mixture, and when the resulting mixture is heated under reduced pressure, the target raw material is heated to have a water content of about 5% by mass or more. A primary heat-treated product reduced to approximately 30% by mass or less was obtained, and the mixture was obtained by mixing oil and fat so that the primary heat-treated product had a content of 4% by mass to 30% by mass. An organic waste fuel obtained by heating a mixture at an appropriate temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less and carrying out a carbonization treatment for thermally decomposing a part of an organic compound constituting the mixture.

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