CN105553255A - Constant on-time variable-frequency control method for switched-capacitor converter - Google Patents

Constant on-time variable-frequency control method for switched-capacitor converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105553255A
CN105553255A CN201610058378.6A CN201610058378A CN105553255A CN 105553255 A CN105553255 A CN 105553255A CN 201610058378 A CN201610058378 A CN 201610058378A CN 105553255 A CN105553255 A CN 105553255A
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constant
switching tube
time
flip flop
type flip
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CN105553255B (en
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杨磊
吴斌
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a constant on-time variable-frequency control method for a switched-capacitor converter. According to the method, an average voltage value V<rl(t)> of a capacitor C in a discharge process is replaced with a reference voltage V<ref>; setting of an output voltage is achieved through the reference voltage V<ref>; and nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge processes are converted into a linear control mode, so that adjustment of the output voltage through a variable frequency is achieved through setting constant on-time T<on> and variable off-time T<off>. The constant on-time variable-frequency control method has the beneficial effects that relative to a control method with a constant frequency and a variable duty ratio, the variable-frequency control method has the advantages of high response speed, wide operation range, simplicity in structure and low cost. In addition, the condition that the duty ratio has to be limited within a certain constant value range does not need to consider, so that the control method provided by the invention can be widely applied to low-power and high-power switched-capacitor converters.

Description

A kind of constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nonlinear control method, relate to a kind of constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors.
Background technology
Switching capacitors is an important branch of Switching Power Supply, and its circuit is only made up of electric capacity and switching tube, compares with traditional perceptual power converter, and have quality light, volume is little, the advantages such as high electric quantity density and less EMI.Because it is integrated easier compared to perceptual power converter, be now widely used as chip for cell phone, the power supply of the low-power circuits such as digital electric equipment.In recent years, powerful Switching capacitors starts to be applied.But limit switch capacitive transducer obtains the limitation that a key factor that broader applications even replace traditional perceptual switch converters is its control method.
The control method of existing Switching capacitors is the PWM control of conventional linear, and Current Control etc. and some more complicated nonlinear control methods such as sliding formwork controls.These control methods are all variable duty cycle constant frequency control methods.The change of external input voltage and load is processed with regulated output voltage by regulating duty ratio.Its duty ratio will control the overlap being used for preventing different switch controlled signal within certain scope such as 0.5.In addition, because Switching capacitors has feature more nonlinear than the perceptual converter of tradition, its constant capacitor charging time is very little.So require that switching tube was operated within the scope of very short service time.In order to maintain the regulable control to Switching capacitors, traditional linear control method can only run in very narrow input voltage and output current scope.The control method of some nonlinear constant frequencies can improve the control effects of Switching capacitors, such as, improve dynamic responding speed, reduces output voltage ripple, widens input voltage range etc.But, the shortcomings such as it has control structure complexity, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention just in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, and provides a kind of low cost, wide input/output bound, the response of quick dynamic realtime, the constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors of excellent Line and load regulation effect.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: patent of the present invention is subject to the inspiration of traditional one circle control, and in conjunction with the own characteristic of Switching capacitors, propose a kind of brand-new nonlinear constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion, this constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors, uses reference voltage V refreplace the average voltage of electric capacity C in discharge process by reference to voltage V refrealizing the setting to output voltage, nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge process being converted into linear control model, by setting constant service time T onwith the turn-off time T of change off, thus realize frequency conversion to adjust output voltage; Based on the switching tube S that electric capacity ampere-second balance rule obtains 1control signal U s1model is:
Wherein
Switching tube S 2control signal U s2for switching tube S 1control signal U s1non-, that is:
Control circuit mainly comprises the integrator that can reset, a comparator and a d type flip flop, wherein the S input port of d type flip flop and R input port connect the output of clock signal and comparator respectively, its step is as follows: when starting, and a clock signal arranges the output signal of d type flip flop for high d type flip flop produces the control signal U of a constant pulse width s1for opening the switching tube S in Fig. 1 1, electric capacity C starts charging, charging current I chstart at T onintegration in time period; Work as T onat the end of, d type flip flop is reset to low level, switching tube S 1turn off; At this moment, integrator reset switch W 1open, integrator zero setting; Meanwhile, control signal U s2open switching tube S 2, electric capacity C starts electric discharge; At T offin time period, as discharge electricity amount Q discharge=I dis (t)t offequal negative charge capacity -Qcharge=-I ch (t)t ontime, the state of comparator is reduced to low from height; When next clock signal arrives, d type flip flop will again be set high and be started the new cycle.
The effect that the present invention is useful is: relative to the control method of constant frequency variable duty cycle, and this method for controlling frequency conversion has fast response time, and range of operation is wide, the advantage of the simple and low cost of structure.In addition, because without the need to considering that duty ratio must be limited within certain steady state value scope, this invention control method can be used in low-power and high-power switchgear capacitive transducer widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is switch converters capacitor charging and discharging model schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is constant service time Frequency control circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that control circuit core component runs waveform schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the suppression waveform schematic diagram of external disturbance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Be illustrated in figure 1 example with the Switching capacitors of a simple charging capacitor and a filter capacitor, control method of the present invention is described.This method based on the ampere-second balance rule of capacitor charging and electric discharge, at one-period (T s=T on+ T off) in, the charge capacity of electric capacity C and discharge electricity amount conservation, its expression formula is as follows:
Q charge+Q discharge＝I ch(t)T on-I dis(t)T off＝0(1.1)
Wherein I ch (t)real time charging electric current, I dis (t)real-time discharging current, T onand T offcharging interval and discharge time respectively.
As shown in Figure 1, as switching tube S 1open, S 2turn off, at T onin charging interval section, the charge capacity of electric capacity C is:
Wherein V ininput voltage, V c (t)electric capacity C real time charging voltage, R inbe equivalent charging circuit resistance, C is equivalent capacitance value.
As switching tube S 1turn off, S 2open, at T offsection discharge time interior (capacitor discharge process is used as a linear process), the discharge electricity amount of electric capacity C is:
Wherein R cequivalent capacity internal resistance, for electric capacity C is at interval T discharge time offthe mean value of interior capacitor discharge voltage.
Use reference voltage V refreplace the average voltage of electric capacity C in discharge process based on the switching tube S that electric capacity ampere-second balance rule obtains 1control signal U s1model is:
Wherein
Due to the average voltage of electric capacity C in discharge process be in close proximity to the output voltage V of Switching capacitors o, by reference to voltage V refthe setting to output voltage can be realized.
Switching tube S 2control signal U s2for switching tube S 1control signal U s1non-, that is:
The core dominated formulate that formula (1.4) is patent of the present invention.This formula comprises input and output voltage, so control method of the present invention can fast to input power and output loading disturbance response.Nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge process is converted into linear control model.By setting constant service time T onwith the turn-off time T of change off, thus realize frequency conversion to adjust output voltage.
The control circuit set up according to formula (1.4) as shown in Figure 2.Control circuit comprises the integrator that can reset, a comparator, a d type flip flop and other some linear elements.Wherein the S input port of d type flip flop and R input port connect the output of clock signal (Clock) and comparator (Comparator) respectively.Its operating procedure is as follows:
When starting, a clock signal (clock) arranges the output signal of d type flip flop for high d type flip flop produces (the constant service time T of a constant pulse width on) control signal U s1for opening the switching tube S in Fig. 1 1.Electric capacity C in Fig. 1 starts charging, the charging current I in Fig. 2 chstart at T onintegration in time period.Work as T onat the end of, d type flip flop is reset to low level switching tube S 1turn off.At this moment, the integrator reset switch W in Fig. 2 1open, integrator zero setting.Meanwhile, control signal U s2open the switching tube S in Fig. 1 2, electric capacity C starts electric discharge.At T offin time period, as discharge electricity amount Q discharge=I dis (t)t offequal negative charge capacity-Q charge=-I ch (t)t ontime, the state of comparator is reduced to low from height.When next clock signal arrives, d type flip flop will again be set high and be started the new cycle.The running status waveform of this control circuit as shown in Figure 3.The truth table of d type flip flop is as table 1.
Table 1D flip flop truth table
When fluctuation appears in input voltage, there is a rising step in such as input voltage, and output loading keeps constant.Because charging current i ch (t)be proportional to charging voltage charging current will instantaneously increase, and discharging current I dis (t)with charging interval T onremain unchanged.According to ampere-second balance rule, the discharge time of electric capacity C and switching tube S 1turn-off time T offwill instantaneously increase, frequency reduces.On the contrary, if input voltage reduces, output loading remains unchanged, switching tube S 1turn-off time T offwill instantaneously reduce, frequency increases.
When output loading changes, when output voltage is constant, there is a rising step in such as output current.At constant T onin time period, charge capacity Q charge=I ch (t)t onremain unchanged.According to ampere-second balance rule, as circuit output current I othe discharging current of increase and electric capacity C increases and the total electricity of electric discharge of electric capacity C remains unchanged time, capacitor discharge time and switching tube S 1turn-off time T offwill instantaneously reduce, switching frequency increases.On the contrary, when output current reduces, switching tube S 1turn-off time will instantaneously increase, and switching frequency reduces.Regulate waveform as shown in Fig. 4 (a) He (b) to the suppression of external disturbance, Fig. 4 is the suppression waveform schematic diagram of suppression waveform (b) the output current rising step of suppression waveform (a) the input voltage rising step of external interference.
The above, be only the good execution mode of the present invention, do not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any do within spirit of the present invention amendment, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., all should be included within claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1., for constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion of Switching capacitors, it is characterized in that: use reference voltage V refreplace the average voltage of electric capacity C in discharge process by reference to voltage V refrealizing the setting to output voltage, nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge process being converted into linear control model, by setting constant service time T onwith the turn-off time T of change off, thus realize frequency conversion to adjust output voltage; Based on the switching tube S that electric capacity ampere-second balance rule obtains 1control signal U c1model is:
K 1 &Integral; 0 T o n ( V i n - V o ( t ) ) d t = K 2 ( V r e f - V o ) T o f f - - - ( 1.4 )
Wherein K 1 = 1 R i n C , K 2 = 1 R c C ;
Switching tube S 2control signal U s2for switching tube S 1control signal U s1non-, that is:
2. the constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: control circuit mainly comprises the integrator that can reset, a comparator and a d type flip flop, wherein the S input port of d type flip flop and R input port connect the output of clock signal and comparator respectively, its step is as follows: when starting, and a clock signal arranges the output signal of d type flip flop for high d type flip flop produces the control signal U of a constant pulse width s1for opening the switching tube S in Fig. 1 1, electric capacity C starts charging, charging current I chstart at T onintegration in time period; Work as T onat the end of, d type flip flop is reset to low level, Q=0, switching tube S 1turn off; At this moment, integrator reset switch W 1open, integrator zero setting; Meanwhile, control signal U s2open switching tube S 2, electric capacity C starts electric discharge; At T offin time period, as discharge electricity amount Q discharge=I dis (t)t offequal negative charge capacity-Q charge=-I ch (t)t ontime, the state of comparator is reduced to low from height; When next clock signal arrives, d type flip flop will again be set high and be started the new cycle.
CN201610058378.6A 2016-01-28 2016-01-28 A kind of constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors Expired - Fee Related CN105553255B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107612314A (en) * 2017-09-12 2018-01-19 西安理工大学 One kind is used for high power switch capacitive transducer frequency conversion monocycle control method
CN109510233A (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-03-22 国网新疆电力有限公司经济技术研究院 A kind of cluster wind storage system equivalent modeling method
CN109581861A (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-05 上海微电子装备（集团）股份有限公司 Move bench control system, sports platform system and exposure device
CN110635680A (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-31 凌力尔特科技有限责任公司 Reverse capacitor voltage balancing for high current high voltage charge pump circuits

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CN1574574A (en) * 2003-05-22 2005-02-02 模拟微电子学股份有限公司 Pulse width modulated charge pump
CN101478234A (en) * 2009-01-13 2009-07-08 浙江大学 Switching capacitor type DC-DC converter
CN102545592A (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-07-04 Nxp股份有限公司 Power management device and method
CN102656786A (en) * 2009-12-26 2012-09-05 佳能株式会社 High-voltage power supply
CN102695339A (en) * 2012-05-22 2012-09-26 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 LED (light-emitting diode) drive circuit with high efficient and high power factor
US20150234122A1 (en) * 2012-09-16 2015-08-20 Energy Conversion Cells Using Tapered Waveguide Spectural Splitters Energy conversion cells using tapered waveguide spectral splitters

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CN1574574A (en) * 2003-05-22 2005-02-02 模拟微电子学股份有限公司 Pulse width modulated charge pump
CN101478234A (en) * 2009-01-13 2009-07-08 浙江大学 Switching capacitor type DC-DC converter
CN102656786A (en) * 2009-12-26 2012-09-05 佳能株式会社 High-voltage power supply
CN102545592A (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-07-04 Nxp股份有限公司 Power management device and method
CN102695339A (en) * 2012-05-22 2012-09-26 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 LED (light-emitting diode) drive circuit with high efficient and high power factor
US20150234122A1 (en) * 2012-09-16 2015-08-20 Energy Conversion Cells Using Tapered Waveguide Spectural Splitters Energy conversion cells using tapered waveguide spectral splitters

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107612314A (en) * 2017-09-12 2018-01-19 西安理工大学 One kind is used for high power switch capacitive transducer frequency conversion monocycle control method
CN107612314B (en) * 2017-09-12 2020-02-14 西安理工大学 Variable-frequency single-cycle control method for high-power switch capacitor converter
CN109581861A (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-05 上海微电子装备（集团）股份有限公司 Move bench control system, sports platform system and exposure device
CN109581861B (en) * 2017-09-29 2022-02-15 上海微电子装备（集团）股份有限公司 Motion stage control system, motion stage system, and exposure apparatus
CN110635680A (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-31 凌力尔特科技有限责任公司 Reverse capacitor voltage balancing for high current high voltage charge pump circuits
CN110635680B (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-08-17 亚德诺半导体国际无限责任公司 Switched capacitor converter, method of operating the same, and switched capacitor system
CN109510233A (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-03-22 国网新疆电力有限公司经济技术研究院 A kind of cluster wind storage system equivalent modeling method
CN109510233B (en) * 2018-10-19 2021-12-24 国网新疆电力有限公司经济技术研究院 Equivalent modeling method for cluster wind storage system

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