CN105553255B - A kind of constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors - Google Patents
A kind of constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors Download PDFInfo
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- CN105553255B CN105553255B CN201610058378.6A CN201610058378A CN105553255B CN 105553255 B CN105553255 B CN 105553255B CN 201610058378 A CN201610058378 A CN 201610058378A CN 105553255 B CN105553255 B CN 105553255B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors, with reference voltage VrefSubstitute average voltage Vs of the electric capacity C in discharge processrl(t), by reference to voltage VrefThe setting to output voltage is realized, nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge process is converted into linear control model, by setting constant service time TonWith the turn-off time T of changeoff, so as to realize frequency conversion to adjust output voltage.The invention has the advantages that：Relative to the control method of constant frequency variable duty cycle, this method for controlling frequency conversion has fast response time, and range of operation is wide, it is simple in construction and inexpensive the advantages of.In addition, because need not consider that dutycycle must be limited within the scope of certain steady state value, the invention control method can be widely used in low-power and high-power switchgear capacitive transducer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nonlinear control method, is related to a kind of constant service time for Switching capacitors
Method for controlling frequency conversion.
Background technology
Switching capacitors are an important branch of Switching Power Supply, and its circuit only has electric capacity and switching tube composition, and
Traditional perceptual power converter is compared, and has the advantages that light weight, small volume, high electric quantity density and smaller EMI.Because it is integrated
It is easier, has been widely used as the small power electric such as chip for cell phone, digital electric equipment compared to perceptual power converter
The power supply on road.In recent years, powerful Switching capacitors start to be applied.But limit switch electric capacity converts
Device obtains the limitation that broader applications even substitute a key factor of the perceptual switch converters of tradition to be its control method.
The control method of existing Switching capacitors is the PWM controls of conventional linear, current control etc. and some
More complicated nonlinear control method such as sliding formwork control.These control methods are all variable duty cycle constant frequency controlling parties
Method.The change of external input voltage and load is handled with regulated output voltage by adjusting dutycycle.Its dutycycle will control
It is used for preventing the overlapping of different switch controlled signals within certain scope such as 0.5.Further, since switching capacity converts
Utensil has very smaller than traditional perceptual more nonlinear feature of converter, its constant capacitor charging time.It it requires out
Pipe is closed to be operated in the range of very short service time.In order to maintain the adjustment control to Switching capacitors, traditional is linear
Control method can only be run in very narrow input voltage and output current scope.The controlling party of some nonlinear constant frequencies
Method can improve the control effect of Switching capacitors, such as improve dynamic responding speed, reduce output voltage ripple, widen
Input voltage range etc..But it has the shortcomings of control structure is complicated, and cost is higher.
The content of the invention
The present invention is precisely in order to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned technology, and provide a kind of inexpensive, wide input/output bound, soon
Quick-action state real-time response, the constant service time frequency conversion for Switching capacitors of excellent Line and load regulation effect
Control method.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem uses：Patent of the present invention is opened by traditional one circle control
Hair, and combine the own characteristic of Switching capacitors, it is proposed that a kind of brand-new nonlinear constant service time VFC
Method, this constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors, with reference voltage VrefSubstitute electric capacity C
Average voltage in discharge processBy reference to voltage VrefThe setting to output voltage is realized, nonlinear electricity
Hold charge and discharge process and be converted into linear control model, by setting constant service time TonWith the turn-off time T of changeoff,
So as to realize frequency conversion to adjust output voltage；Based on the switching tube S obtained by electric capacity ampere-second balance rule1Control signal Us1Model
For：
Wherein
Switching tube S2Control signal Us2For switching tube S1Control signal Us1It is non-, i.e.,：
Control circuit mainly includes integrator, a comparator and the d type flip flop that can be reset, the wherein S of d type flip flop
Input port and R input mouth connect clock signal and the output end of comparator respectively, and its step is as follows：When starting, at one
It is height that clock signal, which sets the output signal of d type flip flop,D type flip flop produces the control letter of a constant pulse width
Number US1For opening the switching tube S in Fig. 11, electric capacity C starts to charge up, charging current IchStart in TonIntegrated in period；When
TonAt the end of, d type flip flop is reset to low level,Switching tube S1Shut-off；At this moment, integrator reset switch
W1Open, integrator zero setting；Meanwhile control signal US2Open switching tube S2, electric capacity C starts to discharge；In ToffIn period, when
Discharge electricity amount Qdischarge=Idis(t)ToffEqual to negative charge capacity-Qcharge=-Ich(t)TonWhen, the state of comparator drops from height
To be low；When next clock signal arrives, d type flip flop will be put height again and start the new cycle.
The invention has the advantages that：Relative to the control method of constant frequency variable duty cycle, this method for controlling frequency conversion
With fast response time, range of operation is wide, it is simple in construction and inexpensive the advantages of.In addition, because it need not consider that dutycycle must
It must be limited within the scope of certain steady state value, the invention control method can widely be used in low-power and high-power switchgear electricity
Hold in converter.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that switch converters electric capacity is charged and discharged model schematic.
Fig. 2 is constant service time frequency conversion rate control circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that control circuit core component runs waveform diagram.
Fig. 4 is the suppression waveform diagram of external disturbance.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
So that the Switching capacitors of a simple charging capacitor and a filter capacitor are as shown in Figure 1 as an example, explanation
Control method of the present invention.The ampere-second balance rule that this method is charged and discharged based on electric capacity, in a cycle (Ts=Ton+Toff)
Interior, electric capacity C charge capacity and discharge electricity amount conservation, its expression formula is as follows：
Qcharge+Qdischarge=Ich(t)Ton-Idis(t)Toff=0 (1.1)
Wherein Ich(t)It is real time charging electric current, Idis(t)It is real-time discharge current, TonAnd ToffIt is the charging interval and to put respectively
The electric time.
As shown in figure 1, work as switching tube S1Open, S2Shut-off, in TonIn charging interval section, electric capacity C charge capacity is：
Wherein VinIt is input voltage, Vc(t)It is electric capacity C real time charging voltages, RinIt is equivalent charging circuit resistance, C is equivalent
Capacitance.
As switching tube S1Shut-off, S2Open, in Toff(electric capacity discharge process as a linear mistake in discharge time section
Journey), electric capacity C discharge electricity amount is：
Wherein RcIt is equivalent capacity internal resistance,It is electric capacity C in discharge time section ToffInterior electric capacity discharge voltage is averaged
Value.
With reference voltage VrefSubstitute average voltages of the electric capacity C in discharge processBased on electric capacity ampere-second balancing method
Then resulting switching tube S1Control signal Us1Model is：
Wherein
Due to average voltages of the electric capacity C in discharge processIt is in close proximity to the output electricity of Switching capacitors
Press Vo, by reference to voltage VrefThe setting to output voltage can be achieved.
Switching tube S2Control signal Us2For switching tube S1Control signal Us1It is non-, i.e.,：
Formula (1.4) controls formula for the core of patent of the present invention.The formula includes input and output voltage, so this hair
Bright control method can be quickly to input power and output loading disturbance response.Nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge process is converted
For linear control model.By setting constant service time TonWith the turn-off time T of changeoff, so as to realize frequency conversion to adjust
Whole output voltage.
It is as shown in Figure 2 according to the control circuit that formula (1.4) is established.Control circuit includes the integrator that can reset, and one
Individual comparator, a d type flip flop and some other linear elements.The wherein S input ports and R input mouth of d type flip flop
Clock signal (Clock) and the output end of comparator (Comparator) are connect respectively.Its operating procedure is as follows：
When starting, it is height that a clock signal (clock), which sets the output signal of d type flip flop,
D type flip flop produces (the constant service time T of a constant pulse widthon) control signal US1For opening the switching tube in Fig. 1
S1.Electric capacity C in Fig. 1 is started to charge up, the charging current I in Fig. 2chStart in TonIntegrated in period.Work as TonAt the end of, D is touched
Hair device is reset to low levelSwitching tube S1Shut-off.At this moment, the integrator reset switch W in Fig. 21Open
Open, integrator zero setting.Meanwhile control signal US2Open the switching tube S in Fig. 12, electric capacity C starts to discharge.In ToffIn period,
As discharge electricity amount Qdischarge=Idis(t)ToffEqual to negative charge capacity-Qcharge=-Ich(t)TonWhen, the state of comparator from
Height is reduced to low.When next clock signal arrives, d type flip flop will be put height again and start the new cycle.Control electricity
The running status waveform on road is as shown in Figure 3.The truth table of d type flip flop such as table 1.
The d type flip flop truth table of table 1
When input voltage fluctuates, such as there is a rising step in input voltage, and output loading keeps constant.Cause
For charging current ich(t)It is proportional to charging voltageCharging current will be instantly increased, and the electricity that discharges
Flow Idis(t)With charging interval TonKeep constant.According to ampere-second balance rule, electric capacity C discharge time is switching tube S1During shut-off
Between ToffIt will be instantly increased, frequency reduces.On the contrary, if input voltage reduces, output loading keeps constant, switching tube S1Close
Disconnected time ToffWill instantaneously it reduce, frequency increase.
When output loading changes, and output voltage is constant, such as there is a rising step in output current.Constant
TonIn period, charge capacity Qcharge=Ich(t)TonKeep constant.According to ampere-second balance rule, as circuit output current Io
Increase be electric capacity C discharge current increase and electric capacity C electric discharge total electricity keep it is constant when, capacitor discharge time is switching tube S1
Turn-off time ToffWill instantaneously it reduce, switching frequency increase.On the contrary, when output current reduces, switching tube S1Turn-off time will
It can be instantly increased, switching frequency reduces.Shown in suppression regulation waveform such as Fig. 4 (a) and (b) to external disturbance, Fig. 4 is extraneous dry
Suppression waveform (a) input voltage disturbed rises the suppression waveform diagram of suppression waveform (b) the output current rising step of step.
It is described above, it is only the present invention preferably embodiment, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within spirit of the invention etc., the claim that should be included in the present invention is protected
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion for Switching capacitors, it is characterised in that：Use reference voltage VrefSubstitute average voltage Vs of the electric capacity C in discharge processd(t), by reference to voltage VrefThe setting to output voltage is realized, Nonlinear capacitor charge and discharge process is converted into linear control model, by setting constant service time TonWith change Turn-off time Toff, so as to realize frequency conversion to adjust output voltage；Based on the switching tube S obtained by electric capacity ampere-second balance rule1Control Signal U processedS1Model is：<mrow> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>o</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1.4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein:VinFor input voltage, Vc(t)For electric capacity C real time charging voltage, VoFor switch electricity Hold the output voltage of converter, RinFor equivalent charging circuit resistance, RCFor electric capacity C equivalent internal resistance, C is equivalent capacitance value；Open Close pipe S2Control signal US2For switching tube S1Control signal US1It is non-, i.e.,：
- 2. the constant service time method for controlling frequency conversion according to claim 1 for Switching capacitors, its feature It is：Integrator, a comparator and a d type flip flop, the S of wherein d type flip flop that control circuit mainly includes resetting are defeated Inbound port and R input mouth connect clock signal and the output end of comparator respectively, and its step is as follows：When starting, a clock Signal sets the Q ends output signal of d type flip flop to be high, i.e. Q=1,D type flip flop produces the control letter of a constant pulse width Number US1For opening switching tube S1, electric capacity C starts to charge up, charging current Ich(t)Start in TonIntegrated in period；Work as TonTerminate When, the Q ends output signal of d type flip flop is low, i.e. Q=0,Switching tube S1Shut-off；At this moment, integrator reset switch W1Open Open, integrator zero setting；Meanwhile control signal US2Open switching tube S2, electric capacity C starts to discharge；In ToffIn period, work as electric discharge Electricity Qdischarge=Idis(t)ToffEqual to negative charge capacity-Qcharge=-Ich(t)TonWhen, the state of comparator is reduced to from height It is low；When next clock signal arrives, d type flip flop will be put height again and start new cycle, wherein Idis(t)For electric capacity C real-time discharge current.
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| CN107612314B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2020-02-14 | 西安理工大学 | Variable-frequency single-cycle control method for high-power switch capacitor converter |
| CN109581861B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2022-02-15 | 上海微电子装备（集团）股份有限公司 | Motion stage control system, motion stage system, and exposure apparatus |
| US10340794B1 (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-07-02 | Linear Technology Llc | Reverse capacitor voltage balancing for high current high voltage charge pump circuits |
| CN109510233B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-12-24 | 国网新疆电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Equivalent modeling method for cluster wind storage system |
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| CN1574574A (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2005-02-02 | 模拟微电子学股份有限公司 | Pulse width modulated charge pump |
| CN101478234A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2009-07-08 | 浙江大学 | Switching capacitor type DC-DC converter |
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| CN102695339A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-26 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | LED (light-emitting diode) drive circuit with high efficient and high power factor |
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| US9823415B2 (en) * | 2012-09-16 | 2017-11-21 | CRTRIX Technologies | Energy conversion cells using tapered waveguide spectral splitters |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1574574A (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2005-02-02 | 模拟微电子学股份有限公司 | Pulse width modulated charge pump |
| CN101478234A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2009-07-08 | 浙江大学 | Switching capacitor type DC-DC converter |
| CN102656786A (en) * | 2009-12-26 | 2012-09-05 | 佳能株式会社 | High-voltage power supply |
| CN102545592A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-07-04 | Nxp股份有限公司 | Power management device and method |
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